rhizome of chuanxiong

Ligusticum Chuanxiong

Chuanxiong

[English name] rhizomachiuanxiong

[synonyms] shanjuqiong (Zuo Zhuan), xiongshu (Ben Jing), Xiangguo (Wu Pu Ben Cao), Hushu (BIE Lu), malingxiongshu (Tao Hongjing), quenaoxiong, Jingxiong (Ben Cao Tu Jing), Guanxiong (pearl sac), Fuxiong (Danxi Xin Fa), Taixiong (Ben cao meng Shu), xixiong (compendium).

[source] rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.

[plant morphology] Ligusticum Chuanxiong

Perennial herbs. The underground stem was irregular nodular fist shaped mass. Stem erect, cylindrical, hollow, surface with longitudinal straight groove. The leaves are alternate, with 2-3 odd pinnate compound leaves, 3-5 pairs of leaflets, and the edges are pinnately divided or deeply divided. The lobes are acuminate at the apex, glabrous on both sides, and pubescent only on the veins; the petiole is 9-17 cm long, and the base is sheathed and embracing the stem. Compound umbels at the top of branches, pubescent; involucre and bracteoles linear; flowers small, white; sepals 5, linear, pubescent; petals 5, elliptic, apex entire, with a short pointed protuberance in the center, curved inward; stamens 5, alternate with petals, anthers elliptic, 2-locular, longitudinal, filaments soft, extending out of petals; pistil ovary inferior, 2-locular, style 2. Suspensory fruit ovoid.

It is distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, mostly cultivated.

The seedling leaves of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] the best harvest time is 4-5 days after Xiaoman in plain, and August-September in mountain. Dig out the rhizome, remove the stems, leaves and sediment, wash, dry or dry, and then hit the cage to remove the fibrous roots.

[herb] rhizome is irregular nodular fist shaped mass, 4-8 cm in length and 4-6 cm in diameter. The surface is dark yellowish brown, with obvious nodular undulating whorls. There are many round or oval stem marks on the upper side, with a diameter of 5-15mm, which are concave. There are many root marks on the lower side and whorls, which are nodular. The quality is solid, the section is yellowish, the cambium is obviously annular, and there are small yellow oil spots everywhere. It has special fragrance and bitter smell.

It is mainly produced in Sichuan (Guanxian, Chongqing). Yunnan also produced, known as "yunxiong.".

[processing] Chuanxiong: remove impurities, separate the large and small ones, soak them in water, dry them in the sun, slice them and dry them. Ligusticum chuanxiong: take Ligusticum chuanxiong tablets, spray them evenly with yellow rice wine, slightly stuffy, stir fry them in a pot until they are slightly scorched, take them out and let them cool (100 Jin of each Ligusticum chuanxiong tablet, 8 liang of 12 Jin of yellow rice wine).

[identification] (1) cross section: the cork layer is more than 10 rows of cells. The cortex is narrow, with root trace vascular bundles scattered, and its cambium is obvious. Phloem is broad. The cambium is undulate or irregular polygonal. Xylem vessels are polygonal or round, mostly single row or arranged in "V" shape, occasionally with wood fiber bundles. The medulla is larger. There are many oil chambers in parenchyma, which are round, oval or irregular in shape, light yellowish brown. The oil chambers close to cambium are small and gradually larger; parenchyma cells are rich in starch grains, and some parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate crystals, which are round like or cluster like. The powder is yellowish brown or grayish brown. Starch grains are mostly oval, oblong, oval, oval or kidney shaped, 5-16 μ m in diameter, 21 μ m in length, umbilical point punctate, long seam or herringbone shaped; occasionally compound grains, composed of 2-4 fractions. Calcium oxalate crystals exist in parenchyma cells, which are round like or cluster like crystals. The diameter of cork cells is 10-25 μ M. the cork cells are dark yellow brown, often overlapping in many layers. The surface is polygonal and the wall is thin. Most of the oil chambers were broken, and occasionally there were fragments in the oil chamber. The secretory cell wall was thin and contained more oil droplets. The diameter of the tubes is 14-50 μ M. some of the thick walls of the tubes are connected with each other, which is similar to the net shaped tubes.

(2) Take 1g of the powder, add 5ml of petroleum ether (30-60 ℃), keep it for 10 hours, shake it constantly, stand still, take 1ml of the supernatant, evaporate it, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, add 2-3 drops of methanol solution of 2% 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and 2 drops of methanol saturated solution of potassium hydroxide to make it red and purple.

(3) Take 1g of the powder, add 20ml of ethanol, heat in water bath, reflux for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate, dissolve the residue with 2ml of ethyl acetate, and use it as the test solution.

In addition, Ligusticum chuanxiong control solution was taken.

According to the test of thin layer chromatography, absorb 1-2 μ l of the above two solutions, respectively point them on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, develop them with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (9:1) as developing agent, take them out, dry them in the air, and inspect them under ultraviolet light (365 nm).

In the chromatogram of the test sample, there were fluorescent spots with the same color at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control drug.

[flavor] pungent, warm.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes pungent and warm. "

② Wupu materia medica: "Huangdi, Qibo, Leigong: pungent, non-toxic, fragrant. Flat magpie: acid, non-toxic. Li Shi: it's warm when it's raw and cold when it's cooked. "

③ Tang materia medica: "it tastes bitter and pungent. "

④ "Ben Cao Zheng": "the taste is pungent and slightly sweet, the temperature is high. "

[Guijing] into the liver and gallbladder channels.

① "Tangye Materia Medica": "start with the Jueyin and Shaoyang meridians. "

② "Medicine Huayi": three channels of entering liver, spleen and Sanjiao. "

Functions and indications: promoting qi to relieve depression, treating wind to dry dampness, promoting blood circulation to relieve pain. Treatment of cold headache, dizziness, flank pain, abdominal pain, cold arthralgia, tendon contracture, amenorrhea, dystocia, postpartum blood stasis block pain, carbuncle sore. It is used for irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, chest pain, tumescent pain, headache, rheumatic arthralgia.

① Ben Jing: "the main stroke into the brain, headache, cold Bi, tendon contracture, Jin Chuang, women's blood without children. "

② Bielu: "in addition to the cold movement in the brain, the wind in the upper reaches of the face comes and goes, tears come out from the eyes, and there is a lot of saliva and tears in the eyes. All kinds of coldness and coldness, firm pain in the heart and abdomen, moderate evil, sudden swelling and pain in the stroke, pain in the flank wind, and mild internal cold. "

③ Tao Hongjing: "the root of the tooth bleeding, containing more than Huang. "

④ "Theory of medicinal properties": "it is used to treat weak waist and feet, hemiplegia, the main body's coat does not come out, and cold pain in the abdomen. "

⑤ Rihuazi materia medica: "it can cure all kinds of wind, all kinds of Qi, all kinds of strain, all kinds of blood, replenish five kinds of labor, strengthen muscles and bones, regulate many channels, break the crux of persistent blood, raise new blood, grow meat, nose flood, hematemesis and drowning, hemorrhoids and fistulas, brain carbuncle, hair back, gall, scabies, discharge pus and eliminate blood stasis. "

⑥ Qi Yuan of Medicine: "tonifying blood, treating headache due to blood deficiency. "

⑦ Wang Haogu: "search liver qi, tonify liver blood, moisten liver dryness, tonify wind deficiency. "

⑧ "Compendium": "dryness and dampness, diarrhea, Qi and depression. "

[usage and dosage] for internal use: decoction, 1-2 yuan; or into pills, powder, external use: grind powder, sprinkle or adjust the application.

[taboo] people with deficiency of yin and fire, deficiency of upper and lower parts and weak Qi should not take it.

① "Angelica dahurica" is the envoy of the book of Materia Medica. Rhizoma Coptidis. "

② "The essence of pinhui" says: "if you wear it for a long time, you will lose your true Qi. "

③ "Materia medica Mengluo": "evil Radix Astragali, Fructus Corni, Stellera chamaejasme. There are three kinds of minerals in this plant. Anti Veratrum. "

④ According to the classic of Materia Medica, "all patients with upper and lower deficiency, deficiency fire, vomiting and cough, spontaneous sweating, easy sweating, night sweating, dry throat and mouth, fever, thirst and irritability should be avoided. "

⑤ Ben Cao Cong Xin: "Qi Sheng Tan Chuan is not suitable for use. "

⑥ "To match the materia medica:" fire play full, spleen deficiency food less, fire depression headache are banned. "

[prescription selection] 1. It is used to treat all kinds of wind attack, dizzy head, headache, stuffy nose, strong cold and heat, limb pain, muscle peristalsis, diaphragmatic heat and phlegm, women's blood wind attack, pain of temple, and wind sensation: eight liang of mint leaf (no fire), four liang of chuanxiong and Jingjie (removing stem), eight liang of Xiangfu (stir frying), one and two half of Fangfeng (removing Lu), Angelica dahurica, Qianghuo Licorice (Cuan) each two; medicine for fine powder, each take a money, after eating tea clear tune down, often take head clear. (Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San in Ju Fang)

② Treatment of migraine: Jingxiong fine file, wine immersion service. (doumenfang)

③ Treatment of head wind whirl dizziness, vertigo, external Yang Qi, wind cold phase, stomach diaphragmatic phlegm, partial headache, body fatigue: Chuanxiong 1 jin, Tianma 4 liang. For the end, refining honey for pills, every two for ten pills. Take one pill each time, chew it carefully, drink tea and after eating. (Chuanxiong pill in xuanming Lun Fang)

④ Cure wind heat headache: Chuanxiong one money, tea two money. Water for one hour, fry for five minutes, take hot before eating. (simple formula)

⑤ Treatment of abdominal pain during pregnancy (cytoplasmic block): xionglao 22 Liang, Ejiao 22 Liang, liquorice 22 Liang, moxa leaf 32 Liang, angelica 32 Liang, peony 42 Liang, dry Rehmannia 62 Liang. The right seven flavors are boiled with five liters of water and three liters of sake. Take three liters and remove the residue. Take one liter of water and three liters of sake every day. (Jiaoai Decoction in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

⑥ It is used to treat a woman who has been pregnant for five or seven months, or whose son died of lochia in her abdomen. The pain is not enough, and her mouth is quiet. If it is not damaged, the pain will stop, and her son and mother will be safe. If the fetus is damaged, she will be expelled immediately: Six liang of Angelica (washing, removing, cutting, baking, weighing), four liang of Chuanxiong (washing). For the coarse powder, take two yuan each, a small cup of water, a large cup of wine, stop boiling, remove the dregs, take warm clothes, and keep quiet. If you walk for five or seven miles, you will be born after three servings. (the Bergamot song of benshifang)

⑦ Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: Angelica one or two, Chuanxiong five money, Schizonepeta panicle (fried black) two money. Take it in water. (Qifang Lei Bian)

⑧ Treatment of postpartum heart and abdominal pain: Chuanxiong (wash, file), Guixin (not see fire, file), Muxiang (file, huaigan), Angelica (to Lu Xu, wash, file, baked), peach kernel (peeled, pointed and double kernel, fried yellow) each one or two. The upper part is fine. Take one money each time, adjust the hot wine. If you don't want to drink, use one cup of water and two pieces of medicine

Chinese PinYin : Chuan Xiong