Fritillaria cirrhosa

Fritillaria cirrhosa

(materia medica of Southern Yunnan)

[synonyms] Tabanus (the book of songs), yellow Tabanus (Guanzi), Bi (Erzhi), Fritillaria, kongcao (Ben Jing), Beifu, Yaoshi (Guangya), kuhua, Kucai, Qinmu (BIE Lu).

[source] bulbs of Fritillaria cirrhosa, Fritillaria ussuriensis or Fritillaria marginata in Liliaceae.

[plant morphology] Fritillaria cirrhosa

Perennial herbs, 15-55 cm high. Bulbs conic or subglobose, 5-12 mm in diam. Stem erect, green or reddish brown purple, with small gray spots. The leaves are linear, 5-12 cm long, 2-10 mm wide and curly at the apex. Flowers are solitary on the top of stem, few 2, pendulous and bell shaped; perianth is 6 pieces, rhomboid elliptic, 2.5-3 cm long, outer ring is 3 pieces, apex is blunt or tip is pointed, yellow green, with purple square pattern and vein pattern; stamen is 6 pieces, 1-1.5 cm long; ovary is 3-locular, style is thick, stigma is 3-divergent and reversed. Capsule hexagonal rectangle, 7-20 mm long, 12 mm in diameter. Seeds thin and flat, semicircular, yellow. The flowering period is June. The fruit ripens in August.

In alpine meadows or moist shrubs. Distributed in Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai and other places.

The shape is similar to that of Fritillaria cirrhosa, but the bulbs of this species are conical, 6-8 mm in diameter. The lower part of the leaf is often opposite, the upper part is alternate or nearly opposite, linear or linear lanceolate, 4-6.5 cm long, 3-5 mm wide, apex not curly. Perianth segments 2-2.5 cm long, outer ring long elliptic, inner ring rectangular obovate, outside dark purple, inside yellow green with irregular purple spots and veins; filaments densely covered with short hairs.

On sunny grass slopes of high mountains. It is distributed at the junction of Sichuan and Qinghai.

③ Fritillaria ussuriensis, also known as xueshanbei.

Perennial herbs, 25-40 cm high. The bulb is conic, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, with 6-10 scaly leaves. Stem green brown, leaf alternate, few opposite, sessile, base slightly embracing stem, green brown or purple brown: leaf long oval, about 4 cm long, 5-20 mm wide, apex not curly, upper leaf narrow, terminal leaf lanceolate. The perianth is long ovate, 3-4cm long, yellowish green, with dark parallel veins and purple brown punctuation. There are 6 mm long and 2 mm wide glandular pits in the center of the base. The stamens are 6, and the filaments are glabrous. Capsule 16 mm long. Seeds elliptic, winged, about 2-3 mm in size; flowering in May. The fruiting period is July.

He was born in the frigid zone. It is distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet.

[medicinal materials] the main commodities of Fritillaria cirrhosa are Pinctada, Qingbei and Lubei. The original plants of PINBEI and Qingbei are Fritillaria cirrhosa and Fritillaria thunbergii, while Fritillaria cirrhosa is the original plant of lasiocarpa.

① Pinctada

Dry bulbs, all conical, apical or apical, 4-12 mm in diameter, the smallest particle is called "Pearl Oyster". The surface is white and light yellow, with 2 scaly leaves on the outside, 1 large, slightly horseshoe shaped, 1 small, slightly lanceolate, relatively clasped, and several small scaly leaves inside. In the center of the bottom, there is a small and hard bulb disc, under which a few fibrous root marks remain. No matter the particle size, it can stand upright and the top is not cracked. It is hard and brittle, rich in powder, white in cross section and granular. The air is weak and the taste is bitter. Solid quality, uniform and regular particles, no cracking at the top, white color and sufficient powder are preferred.

It is mainly produced in Sichuan (Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture), which is the best product in Sichuan shellfish.

② Green scallop

The dry bulb is oblate or slightly conic in shape, with twisted grains, 5-10 mm in height and 1-1.6 cm in diameter. The outer surface is white and yellowish, the top is cracked, flat or slightly pointed, the outer 2 scales are almost equal in size, and fibrous roots often remain in the tomb. Broken flour is white, granular, powdery and solid. There is no breath, and the taste is light. It is better to be small and uniform, white and powdery.

It is mainly produced at the junction of Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan, with excellent quality.

③ Scallop

Dry bulb, long cone-shaped, such as horse teeth, apex pointed, 1-2 cm high, 1-1.5 cm in diameter. The appearance is white or yellowish white with deep yellow spots, forming a tiger pattern, commonly known as "tiger skin shell". The outer 2 scaly leaves are equal in size, dehiscent at the top, and pointed or rounded at the base. The cross sections are all pink white, silty and hard. Weak breath, weak taste. Solid quality and white color are preferred.

Its main products are Sichuan (Changdu) and Yunnan (Deqin and Dali), and its quality is inferior to PINBEI and Qingbei.

In addition, the following species are also used as Fritillaria cirrhosa

① Minbei is the dry bulb of Fritillaria kansuensis.

Bulbs conic. The leaves are opposite in the lower part, lanceolate to linear, 5-9 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, apex obtuse; the upper leaves are alternate, opposite, or 3-impeller-shaped, mostly linear, apex inflexible. Flowers bell shaped, pendulous, perianth piece 3-4.5 cm long, yellow, with lilac small spots, filaments with papillae.

It is mainly produced in Gansu Province.

The character of the medicinal material is similar to green shellfish, but its color is white.

② Pingbei is the dry bulb of Fritillaria ussuriensis.

The bulb is round and flat. The upper leaves are opposite or alternate, linear, 9-12 cm long, 2-6 mm wide, apex acuminate, tendril like. Flowers solitary, leaf axils, narrowly campanulate, pendulous, perianth 2-3 cm long, purple yellow, with many yellow markings.

It is round and flat, 5-8 mm in height and 1-2 cm in diameter. The surface is white or slightly brownish yellow, the outer 2 scales are thick, similar in size, close to each other, and the top often cracks. The section is granular, silty and solid. The gas is slightly sour and tastes bitter.

It is mainly produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other places.

③ Raw shellfish is the dry bulb of Fritillaria ussuriensis.

The bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora are ovoid. Leaves alternate or opposite, sessile, lower leaves broadly lanceolate to elliptic, 4-11 cm long, 22-30 mm wide, apical impeller, linear to lanceolate, apex not tendril shaped. The flowers are solitary or 2-6 in bunches, terminal, bell shaped, 3-4.5cm long and 2-2.5cm wide. The perianth pieces are yellow or white green with dark spots on the inner surface.

The medicinal materials are oblate or oblate cone-shaped, with irregular size and shape, 1-2 cm in height and 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish white with dark yellow spots, the top is pointed or flat, cracked or uncracked, the base is flat and concave, the outer scales are thin like Fritillaria thunbergii, and the inner surface is brownish yellow. It is light and loose in weight, granular in fracture surface, and has little gray matter. Weak Qi, slightly bitter or salty taste. It is better to be solid, powdery and not salty.

It is mainly produced in Xinjiang.

④ Beibei is the dry bulb of Fritillaria cirrhosa.

The bulb of Fritillaria cirrhosa is oblate and less than 1 cm in diameter. The leaves are 4-5 whorls on the upper part of the stem (only 1 whorl, occasionally 2 whorls), the other leaves are opposite or alternate, and the apex of the leaves is not curled. Flowers solitary, dark purple with yellow spots. Produced in North China and Northeast China.

[processing] remove impurities, soak them in water, remove them, moisten them, peel off the heart and dry them in the sun.

① Lei Gong's treatise on frying: "if you make fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary fritillary. "

② "Herbal shugouyuan": "ginger juice bubble, to the heart. "

It is bitter, sweet and cool.

① Ben Jing: "the taste is pungent and the taste is flat. "

② Bielu: "bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. "

⑧ Tang materia medica: "the taste is sweet and bitter, but not pungent. "

[meridian tropism] entering lung meridian.

① Wang Haogu: "lung meridian. "

② "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the heart, lung two channels. "

③ According to the interpretation of Materia Medica classic, we can start with Taiyin lung meridian and shouyangming large intestine meridian. "

Functions and indications: moisten the lung, disperse the nodules, stop coughing and remove phlegm. It is used to treat asthenia, cough, spitting and hemoptysis, chest depression, lung flaccidity, lung carbuncle, gall tumor, hypochondria, laryngeal obstruction and breast carbuncle.

① Ben Jing: "it is mainly used for treating febrile diseases, disturbs heat, drips evil Qi, hernia, throat obstruction, milk difficulty, golden sore, wind spasm. "

② Bielu: "it can cure the abdomen, make the heart full, wash away the evil wind and cold, dizziness, straighten the neck, cough up the Qi, stop the fever and thirst, sweat, soothe the five zang organs, and benefit the bone marrow. "

③ According to the theory of medicinal properties, "for the treatment of asthenia and heat, we should take it at the end of dystocia; we should also take seven pieces of powder for the treatment of the failure of the cytosol; at the end, we should point our eyes to remove the skin; we should control the chest and hypochondriac Qi, and treat jaundice, which is the same as Forsythia suspensa, and we should also treat gall diseases under the neck. "

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "eliminate phlegm, moisten heart and lung. Powder, and sugar for the pill, Zhisou; burn ash oil applied to human and animal sores. "

⑤ Ben Cao BIE Shuo: "it can disperse the stagnant Qi in the chest. "

⑥ "Materia medica will be entangled):" treatment of deficiency cough, hematemesis, hemoptysis, lung flaccidity, lung carbuncle, woman's mastitis, carbuncle and depression syndrome. "

⑦ "Materia medica is": "descending chest due to heat knot feet and mastitis flow phlegm tuberculosis. "

⑧ "Materia Medica" says: "in the treatment of tumor, it can protect the heart, restrain and detoxify. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 yuan; or into pills, powder. External use: grind the end to scatter or adjust to apply.

[should avoid] it is not suitable for patients with deficiency cold of spleen and stomach and wet phlegm.

① According to the collection of herbal classic, "Magnolia officinalis and Bai Wei are the envoys. Sophora japonica. Gentiana macrophylla, alunite, mangcao. Anti Aconitum. "

② According to the classic of Materia Medica, "cold dampness phlegm and food accumulation phlegm fire are used for coughing, wet phlegm is used for nausea and vomiting in stomach, phlegm is used for cold and heat, spleen and stomach dampness phlegm is used for vertigo and vomiting in headache, stomach cold is used for catharsis and forbidden. "

[prescription selection] ① treatment of lung heat, cough, phlegm, dry throat: see mother (remove heart) in half, licorice (fried) in three, almond (soup soaked, peeled, pointed, fried) in half. On the three flavors, pound Luo for the end, refining honey ball as big as a billiard. It contains huayanjin. (St

Chinese PinYin : Chuan Bei Mu