founder of the Song dynasty

founder of the Song dynasty

Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin

(March 21, 927 - November 14, 976), nickname

Xianger

. Zhuo County, born in Luoyang Jiamaying (now Dongguan, Fuhe District, Luoyang City, Henan Province). From the Five Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty, he was a militarist, statesman, strategist, and the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty (from February 4, 960 to November 14, 976). The second son of Zhao Hongyin (xuanzu of the Song Dynasty), the commander of Husheng capital in the Later Zhou Dynasty, and his mother was du (Empress Dowager of Zhaoxian).

Zhao Kuangyin defected to Guo Wei, an envoy of Shu MI in the later Han Dynasty, and went to the army. During the reign of Chai Rong, Emperor Shizong of the Later Zhou Dynasty, he went to the northern Han Dynasty and the Southern Tang Dynasty and made many achievements. When Chai Rong was seriously ill, he was promoted to the spot check in front of the palace and became the supreme commander of the forbidden army. In the seventh year of Xiande (960), he was ordered to resist the northern Han and Khitan allied forces. In the "Chen Qiao mutiny", he was immediately supported as emperor, and returned to Beijing to force emperor Gong of Zhou to take the throne. In the same year, Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne as emperor, changed the Yuan Dynasty to Jianlong, and became known as the Song Dynasty or the Northern Song Dynasty.

During Zhao Kuangyin's reign, according to Zhao Pu's strategy of "south before North, easy before difficult", he successively destroyed Southern separatist regimes such as Jingnan, Wuping, later Shu, Southern Han and Southern Tang, and completed the unification of most of the country. He twice "drank wine to release the military power" and gave up the military power of the imperial generals and local vassals, which solved the situation that the local chieftains were good at supporting soldiers since the middle of the Tang Dynasty.

In 976, Zhao Kuangyin died at the age of 50. During his 16 years in office, Lei Shi was the founder of Qi Yun. He was a great hero, a great warrior, a wise man, and a great sage. He went to Emperor Daxiao of the Ming Dynasty and was named Taizu. He was buried in Yongchang mausoleum. Today, the poem "chanting the first day" is handed down.

(source: Portrait of Zhao Kuangyin painted by Ming Dynasty, collected by Taipei Palace Museum)

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhao Kuangyin, a native of Zhuojun County, was born in Jiamaying, Luoyang (now Dongguan, Fuhe District, Luoyang City, Henan Province) on February 16, the second year of Tiancheng in the later Tang Dynasty (March 21, 927). He was born in a military family. Zhao Tiao, the ancestor of Gao, was an official of the Tang Dynasty and a magistrate of Youdu (today's Beijing). Zhao Fu, the great grandfather of Zhao, served as the censor Zhongcheng of the Tang Dynasty. Zhao Jing, the grandfather of Zhao, served as the governor of Ying, Ji and Zhuo. Zhao Kuangyin is the second son of Zhao Hongyin (xuanzu of Song Dynasty). His elder brother Zhao Kuangji died early and his mother is the Empress Dowager of Zhaoxian.

In the early years of the later Han Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin traveled all over the world and lived in a temple in Xiangyang. He was persuaded by an old monk who was proficient in numerology and set out north. In 948, he joined Guo Wei, the secret envoy of the later Han Dynasty, and fought with Guo Wei for the rebellion of Li ShouZhen, the governor of the middle of the river.

In the first year of Guangshun (951), Guo Wei became emperor. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin became the leader of the East-West class and the deputy commander of Huazhou. In the third year of Guangshun (953), Chai Rong (Later Zhou Shizong), Guo Wei's adopted son, was the official of Kaifeng, and Zhao Kuangyin became the official envoy of Ma Zhijun.

Repeatedly building up war achievements

< sub > master data: < / sub >

< sub > battle of Gaoping

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< sub > the battle of attacking the Southern Tang Dynasty in the late Zhou Dynasty

In the first year of Xiande (954), Chai Rong ascended the throne and promoted Zhao Kuangyin to take charge of the imperial army. In this year, the northern Han and Khitan allied forces invaded and Chai Rong personally attacked. He encountered the northern Han Army in bagongyuan (today's Bagong Town, Jincheng, Shanxi Province) in the south of Gaoping, Zezhou. At the beginning of the war, fan Aineng and he Huibu of the right army did not fight and ran away. The situation was very critical. At this juncture, Zhao Kuangyin shook his arms and exclaimed: "the Lord is in danger, we will fight to the death!" Also ask the general Zhang Yongde to lead the archers to seize the left highland. Zhao and Zhang each led two thousand elite soldiers. They attacked each other and fought to death. In addition, Chai Rong personally supervised the battle. Their morale was greatly boosted, and they finally defeated the northern Han army. Zhao Kuangyin took advantage of the victory to attack Taiyuan, the capital of the northern Han Dynasty. He burned the gate of the city and was shot with a flowing arrow in his left arm. Chai Rong stopped him from attacking the city again. After returning to the army, Zhao Kuangyin was appointed as Marquis of Yu, the capital in front of the palace. He was appointed as the governor of Yanzhou (now Southeast of Laibin, Guangxi, and then under the jurisdiction of the Southern Han Dynasty). Although he was appointed, he was already a senior general. In October, he was promoted to Yongzhou (now Yongzhou, Hunan Province, which was under the jurisdiction of the Wuping Army) defense envoy. Portrait of Zhao Kuangyin

Zhao Kuangyin, as the deputy chief of Dianqian division, participated in Chai Rong's rectification of Dianqian division, and formed the new BanZhi, Longjie (MA Army), Hujie (BU Army), Tieqi, Juehe and other forbidden forces under Dianqian division, which became the most elite army in the Later Zhou Dynasty. Although the position of the front department was lower than that of the bodyguard and pro Army Department which controlled most of the imperial guards, the imperial guards under its control were the emperor's Pro army. Zhao Kuangyin became one of Chai Rong's trusted generals.

In the spring of the third year of Xiande (956), Zhao Kuangyin followed Chai Rong in the expedition to Huainan. In the first battle, he defeated more than ten thousand soldiers of the Southern Tang Dynasty in wokou (now northeast Huaiyuan, Anhui Province), and killed he Yanxi, the commander of the army and horse capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Huang Fuhui, the governor of Fenghua army in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Yao Feng, the regiment training envoy of Changzhou, led the so-called 150000 troops stationed in qingliuguan (now the middle section of Guanshan in the western suburb of Chuzhou in Anhui Province), which was defeated by Zhao Kuangyin. Zhao Kuangyin chases down the city. Huangfuhui asks for a decisive battle. Zhao Kuangyin agrees with him with a smile. Huang Fuhui sets out to fight. Zhao Kuangyin holds Ma's neck and rushes into the Southern Tang Dynasty. He cuts Huang Fuhui's head and captures him with Yao Feng. Han Lingkun, the Jiedu envoy of Dingwu army, captured Yangzhou, and the Southern Tang army came to fight for it again. Han Lingkun advocated withdrawing his troops, and Chai Rong ordered Zhao Kuangyin to lead his troops to Liuhe. Zhao Kuangyin ordered: "Yangzhou soldiers dare to have Liuhe, cut off their feet." Han Lingkun was able to stick to Yangzhou. Zhao Kuangyin soon defeated Li Jingda, king of Qi in the Southern Tang Dynasty, to the east of Liuhe, killing more than 10000 people. After returning to the army, Zhao Kuangyin was appointed as the commander of the capital in front of the palace, and soon he was granted the rank of the governor of the Dingguo army.

In the spring of the fourth year of Xiande (957), Zhao Kuangyin followed Chai Rong to fight for Shouchun, conquering Lianzhu village and seizing Shouzhou. After returning to the army, Chai Rong worshipped him as the commander of the Yicheng army and the chief inspector of the Imperial Academy. In the winter of this year, Zhao Kuangyin followed Chai Rong to attack Haozhou and Sizhou, acting as a forward. At this time, the Southern Tang Dynasty set up a stronghold at shilitan. Chai Rong had just discussed using camels to ferry the army, but Zhao Kuangyin had taken the lead in crossing the river alone, and his cavalry troops also followed him across the river, thus breaking the Southern Tang army stronghold. The captured warships of the Southern Tang Dynasty captured Sizhou. During the Southern Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin was stationed in Qingkou. With Chai Rong's two wings, Zhao Kuangyin divided his troops to the east of Huaihe River and chased Shanyang overnight. He captured Chen Chengzhao, the assistant envoy of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and captured Chuzhou in the first month of the next year. Chai Rong went south to Yangzhou, and Zhao Kuangyin took advantage of his victory to defeat the Southern Tang army in yingluanjiang estuary and Guabu (now Yangzhou south, Jiangsu Province). After that, the Southern Tang Dynasty was forced to seek peace, cutting off Jiangbei and the Later Zhou Dynasty, and Chai Rong returned to the north. Zhao Kuangyin fought bravely in this battle, and in May he moved to lead the Jiedushi of Zhongwu army.

In the sixth year of Xiande (959), during Chai Rong's Northern Expedition, Zhao Kuangyin served as the land and water capital. When he arrived at mozhou, he first went to waqiaoguan, where general Yao neibin surrendered, then beat back thousands of Khitan cavalry, and Guannan was pacified. Chai Rong is on the March. He reviews all the books mentioned above and gets a leather bag. In the bag, there is a wooden board more than three feet long, which says "check the spot to be the son of heaven". Chai Rong finds this very strange. At that time, Zhang Yongde was responsible for the spot check in front of the hall. Chai Rong was sick and returned to Beijing. He ordered Zhao Kuangyin to take over the spot check in front of the hall. In the same year, Chai Rong died. Chai zongxun (later emperor Gong of Zhou Dynasty), who was only seven years old, succeeded to the throne. Zhao Kuangyin was appointed as the governor of the German army.

be draped with the imperial yellow robe by one 's supporters

< sub > master data

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< sub > Chen Qiao mutiny

On the first day of the first month of the seventh year of Xiande (960), the court of the Later Zhou Dynasty heard that Khitan and the northern Han allied troops were going south. The prime minister Fan Zhi and others did not know whether it was true or not, and hastily sent Zhao Kuangyin to lead the troops to the north to resist.

On the second day of the first lunar month, Zhao Kuangyin left the capital city under his command and spent the night at chenqiaoyi (now CHENQiao Town, Southeast of Fengqiu, Henan Province), 20 kilometers northeast of Kaifeng. That night, some of Zhao Kuangyin's cronies spread opinions among the officers and men, saying that "the emperor is young and weak, and can't be in charge of politics. Who knows that we can serve the country and defeat the enemy; if we don't support Zhao Kuangyin as emperor first, then we can set off for the northern expedition.". The mutiny of the soldiers was soon aroused.

The next day, Zhao Kuangyi, Zhao Kuangyin's younger brother (i.e. Zhao Jiong, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty) and Zhao Pu, Zhao's confidant, saw that the time was right, so they instructed the soldiers to put a prepared yellow robe on Zhao Kuangyin, who pretended to be drunk and just woke up, worship him in court, and support him as emperor. The cry of long live could be heard from miles away. Zhao Kuangyin pretended to be forced and said, "you are greedy for wealth and honor. You can make me the son of heaven. If you can follow my destiny, otherwise, I can't be the Lord." The supporters all said that they were "only willing to listen". Zhao Kuangyin publicly announced: "after returning to Kaifeng, you shall not offend the Empress Dowager and the Lord, invade Gongqing, plunder the imperial treasury, reward those who obey orders, and punish those who violate orders." All the officers and men answered the promise. Zhao Kuangyin then led the mutiny team back to Kaifeng.

Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi, the main imperial generals guarding the capital, were Zhao Kuangyin's former "associate brothers". After learning of the success of the mutiny, they opened the gate to meet him. At that time, among the forbidden generals of the Later Zhou Dynasty in Kaifeng, only the bodyguard's Pro army, Ma Bujun's deputy commander, made Han Tong hastily lead the troops to resist, but before he had assembled the army, he was killed by Wang Yansheng of the military academy. Chen Qiao's mutiny soldiers took control of the capital Kaifeng without blood.

At this time, Fan Zhi and other people knew that they could not tell the truth of the military situation, so they hastily dispatched the generals. However, they had no choice but to lead hundreds of officials. Tao Gu, the academician of the Imperial Academy, took out a prepared imperial edict to announce Chai zongxun's throne. On the fourth of the first month, Zhao Kuangyin officially ascended the throne of emperor in Chongyuan Hall of Kaifeng at the age of 34. After that, Chai zongxun was renamed King Zheng. Since Zhao Kuangyin was the governor of the guide army in the Later Zhou Dynasty, the seat of his vassal town was Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), so he took song as the name of the state, and his capital was Kaifeng and changed to Yuan Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Zhao Kuang Yin