Emperor Hanhe

Liu Zhao

Liu Zhao (79-106, February 13), the fourth emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was born in the fourth year of Jianchu (79). He was the fourth son of Liu Ji, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty. His mother was Liang Guiren, and he was adopted as his stepson by Empress Dou.

In the seventh year of the reign of emperor Liu Zhaoqing, he was established as the prince of the Han Dynasty. In the second year of Zhanghe (88), Emperor Zhang of Han Dynasty died, Liu Zhao ascended the throne, and Empress Dowager Dou, the adoptive mother of Han Dynasty, was called empress dowager. In the fourth year of Yongyuan (92), Liu Zhao and the eunuch destroyed the Qi family of Dou family. After being in charge of the government, he never neglected the political affairs and appointed ban Chao to pacify the western regions, which made the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reach its peak. At that time, he called it "the rise of Yongyuan".

In December of the first year of Yuanxing (February 13, 106), Xin Wei died in Zhangde hall. He was 27 years old. His posthumous title is emperor Xiaohe. The temple is named muzong and buried in Shenling.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Liu Zhao is the fourth son of emperor Zhang of Han Dynasty. His mother Liang was the daughter of Baoqin Marquis Liang song, who entered the palace in the second year of Jianchu (77).

Liu Zhao was born in the fourth year of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Empress Dou framed Hou Liang and died of depression. Empress Dou raised Liu Zhao himself and regarded him as her own son.

On June 18, the seventh year of the founding of the people's Republic of China (82), Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty abolished the crown prince Liu Qing as the king of Qinghe and changed Liu Zhao as the crown prince.

Ascend the throne for the Emperor

On February 30, the second year of Zhanghe (88), Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty passed away, and the crown prince Liu Zhao succeeded to the throne, that is, Emperor Hanhe. Empress dowager Dou was named empress dowager because Liu Zhao was young.

Empress Dowager Dou promoted her brother Dou Xian from Huben Zhonglang to Shizhong, who was in charge of imperial secrets and was responsible for issuing imperial edicts; her younger brother Dou Du was appointed as Huben Zhonglang general and led the emperor's bodyguard; her younger brothers Dou Jing and Dou Huan were appointed as Zhongchang, who were responsible for conveying imperial edicts and administrative documents. In this way, the Dou brothers were all in a prominent position around the emperor, thus controlling the center of national politics.

Empress Dowager Dou unified the political power in her own hands, arbitrary and arbitrary, and forced her to make decisions. For the northern Xiongnu expedition, Shangshu, shiyushi, qiduwei, Yilang and so on all tried their best to remonstrate, and even accused empress dowager Dou of "abandoning the lives of ten thousand people by one person", which did not stop the Empress Dowager from sending troops to protect Dou Xian. After the northern Xiongnu was severely damaged, whether to continue the establishment of beidanyu was firmly opposed by the courtiers. However, because Dou Xianzou asked for the establishment, Empress Dowager Dou agreed to the request regardless of the opposition of most people.

Empress Dowager Dou also appointed a large number of children, relatives and friends of the Dou family as court officials or local officials, so that they colluded with each other, indulged in autocracy, retaliated and attacked, and did whatever they wanted. His younger brother, Dou Jing, indulged his servants in their misdeeds, and even openly robbed the road during the day, insulting women.

In order to maintain the dictatorship, the Dou family planted a large number of Party members, so there were many attached officials and cronies in the court. At the beginning, Liu Zhao summoned Dou Xian in Chang'an, and his courtiers even talked about it as "long live", while Han Ling, the Secretary of state, angrily accused that "no courtiers call it long live". On the one hand, it shows that Dou's power is very high, on the other hand, it also shows that the officials of the time tend to be aggressive. As a result, after he di took power, he cleaned up the remaining evils of Dou's party immediately. Song you, Tai Wei, was dismissed because of Dou's party, and then committed suicide. All other relatives and friends who had become officials relying on the relationship of the Dou family were removed from office.

Dou Xian also raised many assassins to eliminate those people who had long-standing feuds, held different political opinions and might harm Dou's family. During the reign of emperor Yongping of the Han and Ming Dynasties, Dou Xun, Dou Xian's father, committed a crime. Han Yu tried the case and found that Dou Xun was punished in prison. When empress dowager Dou was in power, Han Yu was dead. Dou Xian sent an assassin to assassinate Han Yu's son and took his head back to Dou Xun's grave for sacrifice. Zhou Rong was the official of yuan an, the Minister of Shang Dynasty. Yuan an wrote that Dou Xian was arrogant, Dou Jing was corrupt, and it was not suitable to establish the northern Xiongnu Chanyu. Xu He, a disciple of Dou Xian, was very jealous of him, so he threatened him face to face.

Design seizes power

Empress Dowager Dou's headstrong indulgence has already caused the dissatisfaction of some upright courtiers. According to the statistics of Zizhitongjian, in the past five years, ministers have written 15 or 6 times on various issues.

Dou's father, son and brother were Jiuqing and Xiaowei all over the court. Deng dieh and his younger brother Deng Lei, his mother yuan's family, his son-in-law Guo Ju, his father Guo Huang, are in collusion with each other. The yuan family and Guo Ju were both in and out of the palace, and Guo Ju was favored by Empress Dowager Dou, so they jointly planned to kill Liu Zhao. Liu Zhao learned of their plot secretly.

At that time, the Dou Xian brothers were in power, and Liu Zhao could not get close to his internal and external officials. Only the eunuchs could get along with him. Liu Zhao believed that all the officials in the court were attached to Dou Xian, but Zhong Chang Shi and Gou Dun made Zheng Zhong cautious and resourceful, and did not flatter Dou's group, so he conspired with him and decided to get rid of Dou Xian. Because Dou Xian went out to fight, he was afraid that he would make trouble, so he forbear and did not dare to launch. Just at this moment, Dou Xian and Deng die all returned to the capital. At that time, Liu Qing, the king of Qinghe, was especially favored by Liu Zhao and often went to the palace to stay. Liu Zhao is about to take action to read the biography of relatives in the Han Dynasty. But he was afraid of his followers, so he ordered Liu Qing to borrow from Liu and his wife in private. At night, Liu Zhao connected Liu Qing into the inner room alone. He also ordered Liu Qing to spread a message to Zheng Zhong, asking him to collect the precedent of emperor killing his uncle.

On June 23, the fourth year of Yongyuan (92), Liu Zhao was at the North Palace and ordered zhijinwu and the fifth captain of the North army to lead the troops to prepare for the war and garrison the south palace and the North Palace; he closed the city gate, arrested Guo Huang, Guo Ju, Deng Di and Deng Lei, and sent them all to prison for death. He also sent his visitor pushe to take back Dou Xian's seal ribbon and change him to be the champion marquis. Together with Dou Du, Dou Jing and Dou GUI, they went to their respective vassal states. Liu Zhao did not want to formally execute Dou Xian in the face of Empress Dowager Dou, but chose a strict and capable prime minister to supervise him. Liu Zhao confirmed that Dou Xian, Dou Du and Dou Jing ordered them to commit suicide after they arrived at Fengguo.

Liu Zhao successfully recaptured the political power, which reappeared the story of Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty.

The rise of Yongyuan

After wiping out the influence of Dou's family, Liu Zhao began to manage political affairs. He attended the court every day, read memorials late at night, and never idled in political affairs. Therefore, he was known as "Lao Qian has an end". During the period of Liu Zhao's administration, he issued many edicts to relieve the victims, reduce taxes, resettle the refugees, do not violate the farming rules, and also issued many edicts to accept the virtuous. He also advocated lenient punishment in the legal system. He restored the capital of the western regions, pacified the western regions, and subdued the southern Xiongnu.

Emperor Hanhe was very considerate of the sufferings of the common people. He issued many imperial edicts to deal with unjust imprisonment, widows and widows, to be lonely and weak, and to pay little taxes and levies. He warned the officials to reflect on the causes of natural and man-made disasters. Yuan Xing (105 years), the area of more than 7 million 320 thousand hectares of cultivated land, the Eastern Han Dynasty, the most registered residence population of more than 53 million 250 thousand people. During the reign of Liu Zhao, the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak, which was called "the rise of Yongyuan".

die young

On December 22, the first year of Yuanxing (105), Emperor Hanhe died in the front hall of Zhangde in Luoyang, Kyoto, at the age of 27. After Liu Zhao's death, his son Liu long, who was only born for more than 100 days, succeeded to the throne. The next year, he won the Yuan Dynasty in Yanping and became emperor Shang of the Han Dynasty. On the fifth day of March in the first year of Yanping (106), Liu Zhao was buried in Shenling (located in Mengjin, Henan Province). The temple was named muzong, and his posthumous title was Emperor Xiaohe.

In the first year of Chuping (190), there was a request from the Secretary for music. He di Mu Zong, an Di Gong Zong, Shun Di Jing Zong and Huan Di Wei Zong had no merit and virtue, so they should not be called Zong. Also, Gong Huai empress, Jing Yin empress and Gong Min empress were not zhengdi. If they were not called together, please remove their honorific titles. Emperor Xiandi's edict said, "yes."

Political initiatives

Politics

Liu Zhao deeply felt the importance of the construction of official system to a political power, so he attached great importance to the selection and appointment of officials. According to statistics, when he was in power, he issued four special edicts to recruit talents. This not only reflects the emptiness and depravity of the official system in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but also shows the active efforts made by Emperor he to change this situation.

During the period of Liu Zhao's administration, he advocated leniency of punishment in the legal system. His appointed Ting Wei Chen Chong, who was in charge of the prison, was a compassionate and benevolent man. Every time he decided a case, he relied on the classics and "followed the principle of forgiveness".

Liu Zhao can also be lenient to those who are at fault according to the circumstances. In 1997, Empress Dowager Dou died. Because the court kept a secret, the fact that he di was born for Liang Guiren was never made public. After the death of the empress dowager, the Liang family dared to play the Ming Court and ask for a statement for the Liang noble. At this time, he di also knew the mystery of his life. However, on the issue of how to arrange empress dowager Dou, Sangong played: "please demote empress dowager Dou according to the story that empress dowager Lu was deposed by Guangwu. It is not suitable to bury the former Emperor together." Liu Zhao, however, thought of Empress Dowager Dou's kindness to her upbringing and thought that "kindness can't bear to leave, righteousness can't bear to lose", so he didn't give up his honorary title and was posthumously named empress Zhangde. He also properly settled the problems of Liang Guiren and song Guiren. Liang Guiren was named empress dowager.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to strengthen the centralization of power, there were such eunuchs as Zhongchang Shi, Huangmen Shi Lang, dahuanmen, xiaohuangmen and so on. They were in charge of conveying the emperor's orders and imperial edicts and reading the documents submitted by the ministers.

In the process of Liu Zhao's regaining power, zhong chang ordered Zheng Zhong to directly participate in the planning and implementation, and Zheng Zhong naturally made the first contribution when he discussed the merits and offered rewards. So Zheng Zhong was promoted to dachangqiu. "Changqiu" is the name of the palace of the empress of the Han Dynasty. It is used as an official, and its official office is called "Changqiu Temple". This is the leader of the empress's valet, who is usually appointed by the emperor's confidants. He is responsible for publicizing the will and managing the affairs of the palace. In the course of the reward, he di noticed that Zheng Zhong always refused more and accepted less. This kind of humility and benevolence was highly appreciated by Liu Zhao. Therefore, after he di, he often discussed state affairs with him

Chinese PinYin : Han He Di