Hu Shi
Hu Shi
Hu Shi (December 17, 1891 to February 24, 1962), male, used the name of Si'an, the word Xijiang, the scientific name of Hong'an, later renamed Shi, the word Shizhi. Thinkers, writers, philosophers. Jixi people in Anhui Province are famous for advocating "vernacular" and leading the new culture movement.
He studied in a private school in his hometown when he was young. At the age of 19, he got the indemnity from gengzi. He studied in the United States under the guidance of philosopher John Dewey. He returned to China in the summer of 1917 and was employed as a professor of Peking University. In 1918, he joined the Department of new youth, vigorously advocated vernacular writing, advocated personality liberation and freedom of thought, and was the leader of the new culture movement with Chen Duxiu. From the perspective of creative theory, he expounded the differences between the new and the old literature, advocated the creation of new literature, translated some works of dude, Maupassant and Ibsen, and took the lead in the creation of vernacular literature. His vernacular poems published in 1917 are the first batch of new poems in the history of modern literature.
After the May 4th movement, he parted ways with Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu and other intellectuals who accepted Marxism, started from the "dispute between problems and Marxism", advocated improvement, and changed his attitude of "not talking about politics for 20 years; not doing politics for 20 years". In 1920's, he founded endeavor weekly, in 1930's, independent review, in 1940's, and free China in 1949. He served as ambassador of the Republic of China to the United States from 1938 to 1942. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature in 1939. He was president of Peking University from 1946 to 1948. I went to America in 1949. He returned to Taiwan in 1952 and became president of Academia Sinica in 1957. He died in Taipei on February 24, 1962.
Hu Shi's academic activities in his life mainly include literature, philosophy, history, textual research, pedagogy and Redology. His main works include outline of the history of Chinese Philosophy (Part one), collection of attempts, history of Vernacular Literature (Part one) and Hu Shi's Wencun (part four). His most influential academic method is to advocate "bold assumption, careful verification".
Character experience
Born on December 17, 1891 in Chuansha County, Songjiang Prefecture, Jiangsu Province (now Pudong New Area, Shanghai). On March 6, 1894, he returned to Jixi to study in a private school with his fourth uncle. In 1899, he began to read novels such as outlaws of the marsh and studied in private schools with Mr. Yuchen.
In 1901, he began to read Gangjian yizhilu and Zizhitongjian, because Zhu Xi quoted Sima Guang's comments on hell in his primary school and fan Zhen's comments on shenmie in Zizhitongjian, he became an atheist.
In 1904, he entered Meixi school and began to contact Liang Qichao Wen and Zou Rong's revolutionary army. In 1905, he entered Chengzhong school and read Yan Fu's translation of Tianyan Lun.
In the summer vacation of 1906, he was admitted to China public school and worked as an English teacher. He wrote for Jingye Xunbao and learned to write poems. In 1908, Jingye Xunbao (since the 24th issue) began to publish articles in national vernacular daily and Anhui vernacular daily. In September, due to the trend of Chinese public schools, some students set up new Chinese public schools, and Hu Shi participated in it.
In 1909, Jingye Xunbao stopped publication; on November 13, the new public school merged with the Chinese public school, so it lost school and settled in Shanghai. In February 1910, Wang Yunwu recommended him to teach Chinese at Huatong public school; on March 22, he resigned from Huatong public school; in July, he went to Beijing to take the examination of studying in the United States, and got 100 points in Chinese, so he was admitted as the 55th; on August 16, he went to the United States by boat to study; in September, he went to kesejia to enter Cornell University to study agriculture.
In 1911, he completed the interpretation of three hundred words. In the spring of 1912, he entered the College of liberal arts of Cornell University, and on December 27, he served as the chairman of the Datong Branch of Cornell University. In 1913, he served as the president of the world student union of Cornell University. Together with Zhao Yuanren and Hu Da, he was elected as a member of phibeta kappa, the most prestigious American fraternity of college students.
In February 1914, he received his bachelor's degree; on April 1, he was employed by Zheng Lai, President of the student union in the United States, as chairman of the philosophy education group of the society; on May 9, he won the browning Award for his article on the optimism of the English poet browning; on May 20, he resigned as president of the world student union.
In 1915, he entered the Department of philosophy of Columbia University on September 20 and studied under John Dewey. In November, he passed the "preliminary examination" of the doctoral qualification examination. In the same year, the article on non studying abroad was published in Jiayin magazine.
In 1916, he began to try to write vernacular poetry; on August 19, he put forward "the key points of new literature". On January 1, 1917, my humble opinion on the improvement of literature was published in new youth, Volume 2, No. 5; on April 17, I finished my doctoral dissertation; on May 22, I took the final examination of my doctoral degree, oral examination; on May 23, I revised the theory of evolution of pre Qin philosophers; on September 10, I went to Beijing to be a professor of National Peking University.
In April 1918, on the literary revolution of construction was published in the fourth volume of new youth. In the same year, he served as a member of the Council of Peking University, the Journal of Peking University, director of the Institute of philosophy, and director of the English science and Education Council.
In 1919, the outline of the history of Chinese Philosophy (Volume I) was published by the commercial press; on September 20, Peking University opened and acted as the provost of Peking University; in the same year, he took over the "weekly review" and published "study more problems and talk less about doctrines", advocating reformism and provoking the debate between problems and doctrines. In February 1920, the collection of attempts was published; on July 27, the textual research of outlaws of the marsh was completed, which was his first important textual research of novels.
On March 27, 1921, he wrote the first draft of textual research on a dream of Red Mansions; on May 21, he discussed with Ding Wenjiang and others to organize the "hard work meeting" and draft the articles of Association; at the end of the year, Hu Shi Wencun was published by Yadong library.
On March 21, 1922, the Department of Sinology quarterly was established and appointed as the director, Endeavor weekly started publication; on May 14, the draft of our political opinions was published in endeavor weekly No.2; on September 25, he attended the conference of educational system convened by the Ministry of education; on October 11, he participated in the Eighth National Federation of educational associations meeting held in Jinan as a representative of Beijing Education Association, during which he was pushed to draft the educational system, which was promulgated and implemented by the presidential decree.
In January 1923, Peking University's Sinology quarterly was founded, and Hu Shi served as the chairman of the Committee. On April 1, he published reading Liang Shuming's eastern and Western cultures and philosophy in the eighth issue of reading magazine, and participated in the debate of "science and outlook on life".
On July 3, 1924, he wrote a letter to Zhang Guogan, director of education of Beiyang government, asking questions about the ban of Hushi Wencun and Duxiu Wencun by Beijing police. In the same year, he founded modern review weekly with Chen Xiying and Wang Shijie.
In January 1925, he took part in the "Rehabilitation Committee"; on February 13, the National Conference of all walks of life in Beijing informed Hu Shi and promoted him to be a member of the Research Committee on the organizational law of the National Conference; in April, the all China village and City Construction Association hired Hu Shi as a philosophical consultant; on August 31, he wrote "patriotic movement and learning", published in the second volume 39 of modern review.
In 1926, he and his teacher Guo Bingwen initiated the establishment of Huamei society in the United States. On February 4, 1927, he went to Columbia University to complete the final procedures for his Ph.D. degree; in June, he was elected as the director of the China foundation for the management of the refund of the Boxer Indemnity; in the same month, he and Xu Zhimo opened the crescent bookstore on Longhua Road in Shanghai; in August, he was employed as a professor of private Guanghua University.
On March 10, 1928, the first issue of new moon was published; on April 30, he took over the post of president of Chinese public school and concurrently Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences; on May 4, he gave a speech in commemoration of the May 4th movement at Shanghai Guanghua University; on May 15, he attended the "National Education Conference" in Nanjing; on July 1, he established new moon bookstore with Xu Zhimo and other organizations; in December, his book history of vernacular literature was published by new moon bookstore; In the same month, he met Chiang Kai Shek at the wedding ceremony of Chiang Kai Shek and Song Meiling in Shanghai; in the same year, he was president of China public school; in the same year, he officially obtained his PhD from Columbia University.
On January 19, 1929, he went to Peking Union Medical College and was elected as the director of Peking Union Medical College. In March, he wrote a treatise on the history of Chinese public schools. In the same year, he published a political paper, human rights and treaty law, in new moon magazine, marking the beginning of the human rights movement. Then he published a political paper, when can we have a constitution? Questions about the outline of the founding of the people's Republic of China? Sun Zhong A review of Mr. Shan's theory of "doing is easy and knowing is difficult" and "the new culture movement and the Kuomintang".
In 1930, the articles on human rights with Luo Longji and Liang Shiqiu were collected into a book entitled "the collection of human rights", which was published in Xinyue bookstore and later banned by the Kuomintang government. On April 10, in "we take that road", it was proposed that "the five enemies of poverty, disease, ignorance, corruption and disturbance should be eradicated". In January 1931, Jiang Menglin took office as president of Peking University, employing Hu Shi as Dean of literature; in October, he went to Shanghai to attend the Pacific International Society and served as chairman of the conference.
On January 12, 1932, Lin Sen issued a letter of appointment in the name of the national government and hired Hu Shi as a member of the National Finance Committee; on January 23, he reappointed Hu to attend the national crisis Conference; on May 22, he invited Jiang Tingfu, Ding Wenjiang, Fu Sinian and Weng Wenhao to establish the independent review and wrote 1309 articles for him successively; on June 2, 1932, he invited Jiang Tingfu Sinian and Weng Wenhao to participate in the national crisis conference
Chinese PinYin : Hu Shi
