Truman

Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman HarryS.Truman From May 8, 1884 to December 26, 1972), his surname was translated as "Chu Meng" in China in the early years.

In 1918, during the first World War, Truman led an Artillery Force in France. In 1922, he was elected judge of Jackson County Court in Missouri. He was a U.S. senator from 1935 to 1944. In 1945, he served as the 34th vice president of the United States. He was the 33rd president of the United States from April 1945 to 1953. He left his post and returned to his hometown in 1953. On December 26, 1972, Truman died in Kansas City at the age of 88.

During the period of Truman's administration, he mainly reorganized the American government institutions; improved the presidential term and succession system; proposed legislation on employment, housing, civil rights and other aspects; proposed "Truman Doctrine"; proposed to Congress to assist western Europe in economic aspects, and was approved.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, on May 8, 1884. When Truman was only 11 months old, his family moved to a farm in grand view, Missouri.

In 1890, 6-year-old Truman moved with his family to independence City, Missouri, and went to public school.

In 1901, Truman graduated from middle school. Considering his family's financial difficulties, he could not afford to continue his studies, so he applied to a publicly funded military academy. However, because of his poor eyesight, he was unable to fulfill his wish, so he had to drop out of school and apply for a job in the society. From then on, he had no chance to receive formal university education. After that, Truman got a job as a planner with a railway contractor in independence city. After the completion of the project, Truman went to Kansas City Star, a nearby Kansas City newspaper, to find a job of sending and receiving e-mails.

Between the end of 1902 and the beginning of 1903, Truman got a job as a clerk at the National Commercial Bank of Kansas City.

In 1905, Truman moved to the United National Bank.

At the beginning of 1906, because of the shortage of manpower in his family, Truman quit his job in the bank and went home to help manage the farm.

In 1914, after Truman's father died, Truman began to try some business. Truman and his friends first invested in zinc mining in Oklahoma, but because of poor management, the company closed down in September 1916. In the same month, he partnered with his friends to set up Morgan oil refining company. Later, because of the outbreak of World War I, Truman joined the army, and the company was transferred to others.

From 1917 to 1918, he studied at Fort Searle artillery school in Oklahoma.

In April 1918, Truman's National Guard was incorporated into the 129 field artillery regiment of the 60th brigade of the 35th division of the U.S. Army to fight in France. Truman was appointed company commander of D company of 129 regiment.

After retiring in 1919, Truman and his comrade in arms Eddie Jacobs jointly opened a men's clothing store in Kansas City, but it eventually closed down because of the first economic recession in the United States.

In 1921, he joined politics at the suggestion of his comrade in arms Jim pendergert, who was the nephew of Tom pendergert, the leading Democrat of Missouri at that time.

Political period

In 1922, with the help of Tom pendergert, head of the democratic political group in Kansas City, Truman was elected judge of Jackson County, Missouri.

In 1924, Truman lost his reelection. In order to make a living, Truman found a job as a salesman, selling membership cards for a Kansas City car club.

In 1926, Truman came out to run for office again with the support of pendergaster group. Truman's original goal was to be the county tax official, but Tom pendergaster wanted Truman to run for the county chief justice. Truman succeeded and became the county chief justice.

In 1930, he was re elected chief justice of Jackson County.

At the end of 1934, because the county judge could only serve two consecutive terms, Truman had to find another way out. Truman himself had intended to run for governor of Missouri, but he was rejected because there was another candidate from the pendergaster group to run for the post.

In 1934, three or four of pendergaster's favorite candidates refused to run for the Democratic Senate of Missouri for various reasons. Pendergaster found Truman, and Truman ran for the U.S. Senate. Finally, he ran successfully.

When Truman's first term as a senator expired in 1940, pendergaster was also in prison. Truman's main competitor was Lloyd stark. Franklin Roosevelt appreciated stark more and hoped that Truman would withdraw from the Senate election and arrange a position for Truman on the Interstate Commerce Committee, but Truman refused Roosevelt's proposal. In the end, Truman was narrowly re elected to the Senate.

In 1944, when Roosevelt ran for president for the fourth time, Truman was nominated as vice president candidate; in November, Truman was elected vice president of the United States.

On April 12, 1945, then President Roosevelt died of illness, and Truman took over the presidency.

In 1948, he was re elected president.

In the summer of 1951, Truman invited Dwight Eisenhower (who had not yet decided what political party to join) to elect president for the Democratic Party, while he became his vice president, but Eisenhower rejected his proposal.

In March 1952, Truman announced that he would give up the race, and tried his best to persuade the governor of Illinois, Adlai Stevenson, to run in the election. Finally, Stevenson became the Democratic candidate in the 1952 presidential election.

In 1953, after attending the inauguration of new President Eisenhower, he returned to independence city with his wife.

Life after leaving office

From 1955 to 1956, Truman wrote two memoirs and earned $600000 from them, but most of the money was used to pay taxes and pay the salaries of the people who helped write memoirs.

In 1956, Truman visited Europe. In Britain, Truman was awarded an honorary bachelor's degree in civil law by Oxford University and met his friend Churchill for the last time. Before returning to the United States, he gave full support to Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson (he initially supported New York governor W. Avril Harriman).

In 1957, the Truman presidential library was established and donated to the federal government.

On the eve of the general election in 1960, Truman wrote a letter to Fannie, a member of the house of Representatives and a Democrat, imploring Him to make every effort to help the Democratic Party win votes and support the Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy and vice presidential candidate Lyndon Johnson.

In 1964, Truman fell in the bathroom, bruised his forehead, broke two ribs, and broke his glasses. Since then, his physical condition has not been as good as before, and he has broken the habit of going to the presidential library every day.

In 1965, Truman and his wife witnessed the then President Lyndon Johnson signing the health care act in the Truman library, and gave the first two health care cards to Truman and his wife Beth. Truman also tried to implement universal health care during his term of office.

On December 5, 1972, Truman was sent to Kansas City research hospital and medical center due to emphysema caused by pneumonia. On December 26, he died of organ failure at the age of 88. Truman was buried in the Truman library after his death.

Political initiatives

political phase

During the Second World War, the United States had a vicious expansion of administrative institutions, overlapping responsibilities, disordered management, procrastination and serious bureaucratic habits. Therefore, Truman stressed that "the first thing he should do is to reorganize the government.". In May 1945, Truman sent a message to Congress, asking for legislation to restructure government agencies, expanding the president's power to manage and reform the executive. He quickly issued an executive order, abolished many wartime institutions, reorganized and strengthened those that still needed to play a role during the period of demobilization. There were about 165 wartime emergency agencies established from 1939 to the middle of 1946, and less than 12 remained by the end of 1946. The number of government workers dropped from a wartime high of 6.1 million to a 1947 low of 5.5 million.

The term of office of the president of the United States is four years, and the president will be re elected after four years. The constitution of the United States does not specify the number of presidential re-election. It is only because George Washington, the first president of the United States, refused to run for the presidential election again after serving two terms that it has formed a custom of presidential election, that is, the president can only be re elected once for no more than eight years. But in 1940, Franklin Roosevelt broke this unwritten tradition, but since the convention was broken, it was inevitable that another president would do so, which made Truman very uneasy. To this end, Truman approved the 22nd amendment to the constitution passed by Congress. The amendment stipulates: "no one shall hold the office of president for more than two terms, and no one who takes over or acts as president for more than two years during the term of another shall hold the office of president for more than one term. This section shall not apply to a person who is in office as president at the time this section is introduced by Congress, nor shall it prevent a person who is taking over or acting as president at the time this section comes into force from continuing to hold office before the expiration of that term. " The Act came into force in 1951. The 22nd amendment to the constitution has put an end to the lifelong presidential system and improved the American presidential system.

Truman also revised the relevant provisions of the presidential succession law on the issue of presidential succession order. As early as June 19, 1945, Truman proposed to Congress to amend the presidential succession act. Truman

Chinese PinYin : Du Lu Men