Chang'e
Chang'e
Chang'e is a fairy in ancient Chinese mythology. The myth of "Chang'e flying to the moon" originated from people's worship of stars since ancient times. The story of Chang'e first appeared in Guizang. Later, folk tales were further developed into multiple versions. According to Huainanzi, a work of the Western Han Dynasty, the myth of "Chang'e rushes to the moon" is that she steals the immortal medicine that her husband Yi asked from the queen mother of the west, and then flies into the Moon Palace and becomes a toad.
In the evolution of the story, Chang'e has evolved into the daughter of DIHE, one of the three emperors and five emperors in ancient times, and the wife of Yi, whose beauty is extraordinary. It is said that "Chang'e" was originally called yi'e. in order to avoid the taboo of Liu Heng, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, it was renamed Chang'e, also known as Chang'e. Before the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was no evidence that Chang'e and Yi were married. It was not until Gao You's annotation Huainanzi that Chang'e was Yi's wife.
It is said that Chang'e and Yi created the first monogamy. In order to commemorate them, later generations deduced the story of Chang'e flying to the moon. There are many folk legends and poems. According to legend, Chang'e became an immortal by stealing the immortality medicine that Yi obtained from the queen mother of the west, and lived in the Guanghan palace above the moon. Later, Taoism combined Chang'e and the moon god, Taiyin and Xingjun, into one person in its mythology. Taoism took the moon as the essence of Yin, and honored it as the emperor of the Moon Palace Huang Hua Su Yao Yuan Jing Sheng Hou Taiyin Yuanjun, or the emperor of the Moon Palace Taiyin, who was filial to the Ming king, as a goddess.
The origin of the story
The myth of "Chang'e flying to the moon" originated from people's worship of stars since ancient times. The story of Chang'e first appeared in Guizang. Lianshan and guicang are classics of ancient Chinese culture. They are believed to be the forerunners of Zhouyi. Liu Xie of Qi and Liang dynasties said in Wen Xin Diao Long: "the Scripture of GUI Cang is strange in Ming Dynasty, which means Yi died ten days and chang e ran to the moon." Li Shan of Tang Dynasty annotated Wenxuan and made such an explanation in the place where Chang'e was mentioned in Xiezhuang's Yuefu: "Chang'e is Yi's wife. "Guicang" says: "in the past, Chang'e rushed to the moon with the medicine of immortality." According to Huainanzi of the Western Han Dynasty, the myth of "Chang'e rushes to the moon" is that she steals the immortal medicine that her husband Yi asked from the queen mother of the west, and then flies into the Moon Palace and becomes a toad. According to the sentence "Yi asked the immortal medicine to the queen mother of the west, and she stole it to run to the moon" in "Huainanzi · lanmingxun", Gao Yin's annotation in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "she, Yi's wife. Yi asked the queen mother of the West for the medicine of immortality. Before she could take it, she stole it and got the immortal. She ran into the middle of the moon and became the essence of the moon. " Guimei in Yi Zhan also describes Chang'e's taking the medicine of immortality and divining the moon. Qin Bamboo Slips: "Guimei said: in the past, I would never steal but die. I would rush to the moon and occupy." This can be seen in the words of Guizang "Constant me" is "Chang'e". Shuowen: "constant, constant." It is said that because of the taboo of Liu Heng, the emperor of literature, "Heng" often wrote "Chang". "I" and "e" have the same sound. Shuowen: "from the female to my voice.". And "Heng" is connected with "she", which means "Chang'e" The later supplement to Chang'e's story is not entirely made up, but derived from Guizang.
The mystery of life experience
Diho's wife
Changyi was the fourth concubine of DIHE, one of the five emperors. According to legend, Chang'e and Chang Yi are the same person. Chang Yi is also known as Chang Xi. Chang'e and Chang Xi were originally the same name. The two characters, e and Xi, have the same shape and sound in ancient Chinese characters, which is the division of one word. But the story of Chang'e flying to the moon comes from the time of Emperor Yao (Tang Yao), the son of emperor Ho, and Chang Yi died before emperor Ho, so Chang Yi is not Chang'e.
Fairy Queen
There is a story about immortals falling in love in the collection of stories collected in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The heroine of the story is huang'e, who is SHAOHAO's mother.
First, in some ways, there seems to be a connection. Taihao is the sun, SHAOHAO is naturally the moon, and huang'e is the mother of SHAOHAO, of course, the mother of the moon, which is Changxi in Shanhaijing.
Second, huang'e is the mother of SHAOHAO, but we can only look at history without myth. In literature, there is no record that the mother of SHAOHAO is Chang Yi. That is to say, huang'e and Chang Yi, Chang Yi and Chang Xi, Chang'e have the same form and sound, which may be a different name.
Thirdly, in this story, huang'e and Bai dizi get the immortality mulberry on the shore of the West Sea, and Chang'e goes to the moon because she takes the immortal medicine that Yi obtained from the queen mother of the west, which proves that huang'e is not Chang'e.
The daughter of Diku
According to historical records, Chang Yi only gave birth to two children to DIHE. The boy was dizhi, the emperor of evil, and the girl was Chang'e, the emperor's daughter.
There is another record in the book of mountains and seas: Chang Xi, also known as Chang Yi, had twelve moons with DIHE (Dijun), and "Chang Xi" literally means to have a moon, indicating that the daughter of DIHE and Chang Yi is Chang'e, the God of the moon. Chang'e is also known as she, that is to say, although the pronunciation of Chang'e is similar to Chang'e, Chang Xi may not be the same person. In ancient times, no matter men or women, there were not a few people who inherited the forefathers' names. Since Yi and Hou Yi could be two people, if we separate Chang Xi from she e, she E might be the twelve moons born by Chang Xi. Shao Ho (Shao Hao), the son of Di Ho, born and invented bow and arrow. Yi, the son of Di Ho, is famous for archery. Yi is older than ban. Hou Yi, the same generation as di Ho, is proficient in the bow and arrow invented by Shao Hao's son and shoots nine suns. Therefore, the consolation for his son is to marry his daughter to Yi, which is in line with the situation at that time. Therefore, Chang'e is the daughter of Chang Yi and di ho.
Legend of flying to the moon
Forced helpless version
Hou Yi shot down nine suns, and was respected and loved by the people. Many people with lofty ideals came to study arts. The treacherous and crafty Liu Meng also got involved. Hou Yi asked the queen mother of the West for a package of immortal medicine and gave it to Chang'e for safekeeping. When Hou Yi went out, he forced Chang'e to hand over the elixir. When Chang'e was in danger, he swallowed the elixir. Soon he floated off the ground and flew down to the moon to become an immortal. Hou Yi couldn't find his wife when he went home. He beat his chest and looked up at the moon and called Chang'e's name. His call startled the sky, and Chang'e appeared on the bright moon. Hou Yi quickly put on the incense table, put on her favorite honey fresh fruit, sacrifice in the Moon Palace of Chang'e. After hearing the news that Chang'e had become an immortal on the moon, the people set up incense tables under the moon one after another to offer sacrifices to Chang'e. Later, the moon mother was moved by Yi's true feelings and allowed Chang'e to meet Yi under the laurel tree on the full moon day. Since then, the custom of worshiping the moon on the Mid Autumn Festival has spread among the people, and this version of the legend has been handed down to now.
A unique version
When Chang'e knew that her husband Hou Yi had obtained the medicine of immortality from the queen mother of the west, she became an immortal. One day, taking advantage of Hou Yi's inattention, he took the medicine of immortality and flew to the Moon Palace.
Saving the people
Hou Yi was a king of poor countries in ancient times. He had great strength and was brave and good at shooting. But he had a violent personality and abused harsh policies, which made the people hard to live. But Hou Yi also wanted to live forever. He just got the elixir from the queen mother. Chang'e, a beautiful and kind-hearted wife, learned about this. In order to protect the people from Hou Yi's long-term brutal rule, she secretly took the elixir, turned into a fairy and floated to the Moon Palace to become the God of the moon. A poor country was a country of Xia Dynasty, but Hou Yi, who shot at the sun, had never been a king.
Hou Yi's unfaithful version
Qu Yuan's "Tian Wen" said: after Hou Yi became a hero shooting at the sun, he was unfaithful to Chang'e and had an affair with he Bo's wife, which caused Chang'e's great dissatisfaction. In a fit of anger, he left Hou Yi and went to heaven. This may be one of the reasons why Wu Chengen later let Marshal Tianpeng Zhu Bajie play Chang'e in his journey to the West.
The ending is strange
The ending of the story of Chang'e running to the moon in the Han Dynasty is very strange. People in the Han Dynasty believe that there are jade rabbits and toads in the moon. Jade rabbits don't know where they came from. They all say that Chang'e later became a toad. The story of Chang'e taking the medicine of immortality and running to the moon has been revealed in guicang, a divination book in the late Warring States period at the latest. In the Han Dynasty, it was widely known. The story of Chang'e running to the moon in Huainanzi by Liu An, the king of Huainan in the western Han Dynasty, and Lingxian by Zhang Heng, an astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty has quite a beginning and end. Lingxian also mentions that after taking Hou Yi's medicine for immortality, Chang'e went to a fortune teller named you Huang to make a divination to ask for good or bad luck. The fortune teller made a divination to tell her that it was a good divination, but it didn't hurt to do so. She also predicted that when she went to the west, she might encounter dark and hazy weather, so don't be afraid, and future generations would certainly prosper Prosperity. Later, Chang'e became a toad.
Maybe it's because the ending of Chang'e becoming a toad is too contrary to common sense, and it's also not in line with human feelings. The story of Chang'e flying to the moon has become a pure sad and beautiful story.
Documentation
Chang'e first appeared in guicang. Lianshan and guicang are ancient books of Chinese culture. People think they are the forerunners of Zhouyi. Later, Zhang Heng and Gan Bao's supplement to Chang'e's story also came from Guizang. Liu Xie of Qi and Liang dynasties said in Wen Xin Diao Long: "the Scripture of GUI Cang is strange in Ming Dynasty, which means Yi died ten days and chang e went to the moon." Li Shan of Tang Dynasty annotated Wenxuan and made such an explanation in the place where Chang'e was mentioned in Xiezhuang's Yuefu: "Chang'e is Yi's wife. "Guicang" says: "in the past, Chang'e rushed to the moon with the medicine of immortality."
Guimei in Yi Zhan records Chang'e's taking the elixir and divining the moon. "In the Qin Bamboo Slips," Gui Mei said, "in the past, I would steal without dying. I would rush to the moon and occupy." This can be seen in the words of Guizang,
Chinese PinYin : Chang E
