Liu Yin

Liu Yin

Liu Yin

From 874 to April 4, 911, Shangcai (now Shangcai in Henan Province) was a warlord in the late Tang Dynasty and the early Five Dynasties. He was the actual founder of the Southern Han Dynasty. The eldest son of Liu Qian, the governor of Fengzhou (now Xinxing County, Guangdong Province), is the elder brother of Liu Zhu, the ancestor of the Southern Han Dynasty. His biological mother was Wei, Empress of zhuiwu in the Southern Han Dynasty.

After Liu Qian died, he was appointed governor of the state. In the third year of qianning reign of emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty (896), Liu Yin sent troops to attack Zhaoqing and Guangzhou, and became the largest separatist force in Guangdong and Guangxi. He was appointed as the official of Jinghai and Qinghai festivals. He attached great importance to Lingnan scholars, which laid the foundation for the later independent founding of the people's Republic of China. After Xu yanruo died in 901, the first year of emperor Zhaozong's Tianfu reign, Liu Yin was promoted to stay in the army. In the second year of Tianyou (905), he paid homage to the governor. In the first year of Tianyou (904), he was appointed as the governor of Qinghai. He owned Tianlin (now Tianlin, Guangxi), CHENXIAN (now CHENXIAN, Hunan) and a large area near the South China Sea. In the first year of Kaiping in the Later Liang Dynasty (907), he was appointed as a chief inspector and a minister. In the second year of Kaiping (908), he served as the governor of the Jinghai Navy and the governor of Annan. In the third year (909), he was granted the title of Nanping king.

In the first year of Qianhua (911), Hou Liang Jin made him king of Nanhai. In the same year, he died of illness at the age of 38. He was posthumously named king Xiang of Nanhai. His younger brother Liu Zhu succeeded him in his official position and military position. In the third year of Zhenming Dynasty (917), Liu Xuan became emperor and established the great Yue (Southern Han Dynasty) regime. Liu Yin was named emperor Xiang after his posthumous title. His temple name was Liezong and he was buried in Deling.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Liu Yin's ancestral home is Shangcai (now Shangcai, Henan). His grandfather Liu Anren was a famous businessman. Later, his family moved to Minzhong and went to Nanhai (now Guangzhou, Guangdong Province) to do business. He settled in Mapu, Quanzhou. Liu Yin's father, Liu Qiansu, was gifted as a general in Guangzhou for his meritorious service in fighting against bandits.

In the fifth year of Qianfu (878) of emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, the Huangchao uprising army conquered Guangzhou, and then between Hunan and Hunan. Liu Qian made military contributions to the governor of Zhou and the governor of Hejiang, and managed to the west of Wu and GUI. However, in more than a year, there were more than 10000 troops and 100 ships, which were very popular in the southern coastal areas. Liu Qian had three sons, the eldest of whom was Liu Yin.

In the first year of qianning (894) of emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty, Liu Qian died and died in seclusion in Hejiang. There were more than 100 scholars and civilians plotting to rebel against him. Liu Yin killed him overnight. Liu Chonggui, an envoy of the Qing Navy, summoned Liu Yin to fill the right capital and also served as an envoy of Heshui town. According to the above table, the imperial court appointed Liu Yin to replace Liu Qian as the governor of Fengzhou (now Xinxing County, Guangdong).

Guangzhou counterinsurgency

Liu Chonggui died in the third year of qianning (896) of emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty. He followed Li zhirou, the king of Xue, to Guangzhou to serve as an envoy of Qinghai Festival. When Li zhirou arrived in Hunan Province, Guangzhou general Lu Ju and Tan Hongfan (one of them was Qin fan) made trouble and defended Guangzhou to resist Li zhirou's entry. Tan Hongfan was stationed in Duanzhou (now Duanzhou District, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province). Li zhirou was afraid to enter the country. Tan Hongli makes up with Liu Yin and promises to marry his daughter to Liu Yin. Liu Yin pretended to agree to the marriage, took the marriage as an excuse, buried the soldiers' weapons on the ship, entered Duanzhou at night and killed Tan Hongfan. Then he took advantage of the victory to attack Guangzhou and kill Lu Ju. Then Liu Yin reorganized his army to welcome Li zhirou into Guangzhou to preside over the affairs of the festival envoy. Li zhirou went up to the court to appoint Liu Yin as the marching commander. Later, Xu yanruo took the place of Li zhirou as the envoy of Qinghai Festival. In the above table, the imperial court appointed Liu Yin as the Deputy envoy of Qinghai Festival, and Liu Yin was appointed for the affairs of General Administration.

In the first year of Guanghua (898) of emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty, Tsang Yan launched an army attack on Guangzhou in Shaozhou (now Shaoguan of Guangdong Province). General Wang Li led a warship to meet Tsang Yan. Liu Yin defeated Tsang Yan's troops as soon as he fought. Shaozhou General Liu Tong re occupied Zhenyang county and she county. Liu Yin led the army to attack and killed Liu Tong. After a few years, Taibao and his servant Xu yanruo succeeded Li zhirou, and Liu Yin was the Deputy envoy of Jiedu, managing the military and political affairs. In the first year of Tianfu (901) of Tang Zhaozong, Xu yanruo died in November, and Liu Yin was recommended to stay in Qinghai.

Defeat and return

In the second year of Tianfu (902), Emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty, Lu Guanghou, the governor of Qianzhou, attacked Lingnan and took Shaozhou. He sent his son Lu Yanchang to Shaozhou and besieged Chaozhou. Liu Yin sent troops to drive Lu Guanghou out of Shaozhou, and took advantage of the victory to attack Shaozhou. Liu Yin's younger brother Liu Zhu thought that Lu Yanchang had the aid of Qianzhou army and could not be captured in a hurry. Liu Yin didn't listen, so he surrounded Shaozhou.

Lu Guanghou led troops from Qianzhou to rescue Shaozhou. Tan quanbo, Lu Guanghou's Department, ambushed 10000 elite troops in the valley, challenged them with thin soldiers, and defeated Liu Yin's army in the south of Shaozhou. Liu Yin fled back to Guangzhou alone.

Official and thrifty

At the beginning, after Xu yanruo recommended Liu Yin to stay in Qinghai on his deathbed, the imperial court appointed Cui yuan, Minister of the Ministry of war, as Qinghai's envoy. When Cui yuan arrived in Jiangling, he heard that there were many bandits in Lingnan. He was afraid that Liu Yin would not accept his replacement and did not dare to move forward. The Tang Dynasty called Cui yuan back to the capital.

In 904, the first year of emperor Zhaozong's Tianyou reign, Liu Yin sent envoys to control Zhu Wen, a powerful official of the Tang Dynasty, with heavy bribes. So Zhu Wen asked the court to take Liu Yin as the governor of Qinghai. He is in charge of the military and political affairs in Lingnan.

Based on Lingnan

In the second year of emperor Zhaozong's Tianyou reign in Tang Dynasty (905), Tingjia of Tang Dynasty appointed Liu Yin as Zhang Shi of Tongping. In the first year of Kaiping in the Later Liang Dynasty (907), Zhu Wen dethroned Li Lei, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and established the power of the latter Liang Dynasty. On the third day of may in the same year, Zhu Wenjia appointed Liu Yin as the captain of the school inspector, and also served as a servant, and was awarded the title of Princess Da Peng.

In September of 908, the second year of Kaiping in the Later Liang Dynasty, Ma Yin, the governor of Wuchang, sent his infantry commander, LV Shi Zhou, to attack Lingnan. He fought with Liu Yin more than ten times and captured the six states of Zhao, he, Wu, Meng, Gong and Fu in Lingnan. On October 23, Hou Liang appointed Liu Yin as the governor of Jinghai and the governor of Annan.

On the fourth day of April in the third year of Kaiping (909), Hou Liang Jia was appointed Liu Yin as the imperial teacher of the school. He also served as the commander of Zhongshu and was granted the title of Nanping king. When Liu Yin occupied Lingnan, Pang Juzhao, the governor of Ningyuan, and Liu Changlu, the defender of Gaozhou, refused to follow. In December of the same year, Liu Yin sent his younger brother Liu Zhu to attack Gaozhou (today's Gaozhou City in Maoming, Guangdong Province), and Liu Changlu defeated him greatly. Liu Changlu then attacked Rongzhou, but failed to conquer it. Liu Changlu thought that he was not Liu Yin's rival after all, so he attached himself to Ma Yin, king of Chu.

He died of illness

In the first year of Qianhua (911), Hou Liang Jin granted Liu Yin the title of Nanhai king, and added Zhongshu order. In March of the same year, Liu Yin was in an emergency, and the imperial court appointed his younger brother, the Deputy envoy of Jiedu, to take charge of the affairs of his stay. On the third day of March, Liu Yin died of illness and was buried in Deling at the age of 38. Although there were two sons (Qian Liu, Zhang Zong Xun, Ma Yin, Wang Shen Zhi and Liu Yin, all of them were granted one son and six officials respectively), the regime was inherited by his younger brother Liu. The story of Liu Yin's son is unknown.

In the third year of Zhenming Dynasty (917), his younger brother Liu Zhen called himself Emperor and established the great Yue regime (later changed to Han Dynasty, known as Southern Han Dynasty in History).

Political initiatives

Governing Lingnan

After Liu Yin took the post of Qinghai Festival envoy, he occupied Tianlin (today's Tianlin in Guangxi) and Chen county (today's Chen County in Hunan) to a large area near the South China Sea. Liu Yin was a good sage. At that time, the world was in chaos. Most scholars from the Central Plains came to avoid the chaos. In the Tang Dynasty, many ministers lived in Lingnan after being exiled for crimes. Local officials who were not allowed to return to the Central Plains lived in Lingnan. Liu Yin was assisted by these three kinds of people, such as Wang Dingbao, Ni Shu, Liu Jun, Zhou Jie, Yang Dongqian, Zhao Guangyi, and Li yinheng, which made Lingnan a little more peaceful.

Honor the court

Different from other vassal towns, although Liu Yin had absolute military power and the Jiedushi sent by the imperial court had no name, Liu Yin was still able to respect and accept the appointed Jiedushi rather than refuse them. History says, "at the end of the Tang Dynasty, all the vassals in the world were not replaced. However, King Xue zhirou used the stone gate as a tool to subdue the emperor and granted him guangshuai. The prime minister, Xu yanruo, returned to the Tang Dynasty to recognize guangshuai. All the hermits accepted him. The emperor discussed Jiazhi and found himself guangshuai." Because of this, Liu Yin was able to develop his power in Lingnan.

During the Guanghua reign of emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty, Xu yanruo was in Guangzhou for two years, and Liu Yin's power became more and more stable. He was appointed as the Deputy envoy of Jiedu for yanruo. Liu Yin's ability and his character won the favor of the former and the latter two Qinghai Jiedushi. Before Yan ruo's death, he used to "watch playing for two envoys to stay behind", but Zhao Zong didn't agree to the request. At that time, "the imperial court only ordered dozens of states in Hexi, Shannan, Jiannan and Lingnan." Zhaozong was not willing to lose any land. What's more, the business tax revenue of Lingnan was also a major source of money for the late Tang Dynasty.

However, Liu Yin continued to transport tribute to the capital through Hunan and Jingnan. At the same time, Liu Yin also strengthened her ties with Zhu Quanzhong, a figure of the central power faction, in order to pursue the festival Yue. In the first month of the first year of emperor Zhaozong's Tianyou reign (904), Quan Zhongfa sent tens of thousands of craftsmen to Henan and Beizhu towns, and ordered Zhang Quanyi to govern the palace of Dongdu. The towns of Jiang, Zhe, Hu and Ling, which are all loyal to the whole country, have all sent goods and money to help them. " Later, Yin sent an envoy to bribe Zhu Quanzhong and paid tribute to him with incense and medicine from Buddhism, Mausoleum and Luoyue. In Tang Dynasty, Liu Huiyin expressed his loyalty rather than his loyalty. In March of the next year, Liu Yin, the imperial court's governor of Qinghai, was appointed to Tongping Zhang Shi. Liu Yin was officially granted permission by the central government, which was an important step for Liu's regime to separate Lingnan.

Character evaluation

Relative members

parent

younger brother

daughter

Controversies at the time of death

There are different records about the year of Liu Yin's death.

"The history of the Old Five Dynasties" records: "in May of the first year of Qianhua, the Qing Navy envoy

Chinese PinYin : Liu Yin