Li Zhen

Li Zhen

Li Zhen (351-417), with Xuansheng character and Changsheng character, was born in Chengji of Longxi. He called himself the 16th grandson of Li Guang, the flying General of the Western Han Dynasty, and the founder of Xiliang during the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms. He was identified as the ancestor of the royal family of the Tang Dynasty.

When he was young, Li was very studious, especially good at diction. In the first year of Long'an (397), Duan ye called himself Liangzhou mu, and Li Zhen was granted the magistrate of Xiaogu county. Later, he was promoted to the prefect of Dunhuang. In the fourth year of Long'an (400 years), Li Zhen called himself the general, the captain of protecting Qiang, the herdsman of Qinliang, and the Duke of Lianggong. He changed the Yuan Dynasty to gengzi and established the Xiliang regime. Taking Dunhuang as the capital, he had a wide territory in the western regions. In the first year of the reign of Yixi (405), Li Qi changed the Yuan Dynasty to the early days of its establishment, sent envoys to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and moved the capital to Jiuquan to fight against Beiliang for a long time. In the 13th year of the reign of Yixi (417), Li Li died at the age of 67. He was posthumously named king Wuzhao and was buried in jianshiling.

In the second year of Tianbao (743), Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the 11th grandson of Li Zhen, was named emperor Xingsheng.

(overview photo source: Li's genealogy of Heshan, Yi County, Anhui Province, revised in 1917)

Life of the characters

Family background

Li's family has been a rich family for generations. His grandfather Li Yong and great grandfather Li Rou were both officials in Jin Dynasty and successively served as sheriffs. His grandfather Li Yan served as a general of Wuwei and Marquis of anshiting in front of Liang Zhang. His father Li Chang had a good reputation since childhood, but died early. Li is his posthumous son.

Early experience

When he was a boy, Li was very studious, calm, intelligent, generous, modest and elegant. He read through classics and history, and was especially good at diction. When Li was older, he was proficient in martial arts and studied Sun Tzu's art of war.

In March of the first year of Long'an (397), Duan ye, the Empress Dowager of Jiankang and Jingzhao, called himself Liangzhou Mu and established Beiliang regime. He appointed Meng min, the Empress Dowager of Dunhuang, as the governor of Shazhou and Li Gui as the magistrate of Xiaogu county. Song Yao, Li's half brother, worked for Duan ye and served as a regular servant of zhongsan.

After Meng min's death, Guo Qian, a Dunhuang guard, and suoxian, a member of the central government of Shazhou, believed that Li was gentle and resolute and capable of carrying out benevolent policies, so they recommended him as general Ning Shuo and prefect of Dunhuang.

Before long, Jin Hao became the champion general and surrendered to Duan Ye. Duan Ye appointed Li Lei as the general of Anxi, the prefect of Dunhuang, and the captain of huxihu.

Eliminate Suoshi

In the third year of Long'an (399), Duan ye called himself the king of Liang. Suo Si, the right guard General of Beiliang, told Duan ye that he should not let Li Li stay in Dunhuang for a long time. Duan ye then asked Suo Si to take the place of Li Li as the prefect of Dunhuang, and ordered Suo Si to lead 500 cavalry to Dunhuang. Suo Si went to the place 20 li away from Dunhuang city and informed Li to come to meet him. Li was full of doubts and was ready to go out of the city to meet him. Xiaogu county magistrate Zhang Miao and song Yao stopped him and said, "the government affairs of Houliang are declining, and duanye is weak. This is the time for heroes to make a difference. General, you have the ready-made conditions to build a country. How can you give it to others! Suo Si himself relied on the people of his own county and thought that people would certainly belong to him. He would never expect that the general would suddenly stop him and catch him in one battle. "

Song Yao also said: "the eldest husband has been approved by the world. Today, he will give his head to Suo Si. Won't he be ridiculed by people all over the world! Brother yingzi zhuojie, has the style of hegemony, before Liang Zhang's career is not worth inheriting Li said: "since I was a child, I didn't have a great ambition, so I became an official here. I didn't expect that the scholars of this county would suddenly put emphasis on me. Just now I said I would welcome you because I don't understand the opinions of the scholar officials. "

Li took their advice and sent song you to see Suo Si first. He calmed him down with polite and sincere words. After Song Yao came back, he said to Li: "Suo Si was proud and contemptuous, and his troops were extremely weak, so he was easy to win." Li Li sent his son Li Xin, Zhang Miao and song Yao to attack Suo Si. Suo Si was defeated and fled back to Zhangye. Li Li had always had a good relationship with Suoshi. He was a close friend of life and death, but he excluded him. So he hated him very much, so he asked Duan yeshang for the death of Suoshi. The general of the auxiliary state, Juqu Nancheng, also hated Suoshi very much and advised Duan ye to get rid of him. Duan ye then killed Suo Si, sent envoys to apologize to Li, and separated Liangxing and wuze in Dunhuang County, and Yihe in Jinchang County, and set up Liangxing county. He was promoted to Chijie, commander in chief, military officers to the west of Liangxing, general of Zhenxi, and commander in charge of protecting Xiyi.

Building Xiliang

In the fourth year of Long'an (400), Tang Yao, the prefect of Jinchang in Beiliang, rebelled against Beiliang and issued an address to Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Jinchang, Liangxing, Jiankang and Qilian. He elected Li Lei as the champion general, Shazhou governor and Lianggong, and concurrently served as the prefect of Dunhuang. Li's grandfather was Li Changliang, and his father was Li Daliang.

Tang Yao was appointed as the general of Zhengdong, Guo Qian as the military adviser, suoxian as Zuo Changshi, Zhang Miao as you Changshi, Yin Jianxing as Zuo Sima, Zhang tishun as you Sima, Zhang Tiao as Zuo Changshi, linghuyi as you Changshi, Zhang Lin as the chief of Taifu, song Yao and Zhang Su as Zhonglang, song Yao plus Zhechong, Zhang Su plus Yangwu, Suo Chengming as you Sima, Linghu moved to Taifu In order to appease Dongxia, they are general Wuwei and Taishou of Jinxing, general Ningyuan and Taishou of Xijun, general Zhechong and Taishou of Hehuang, general Suojun and Taishou of Xiping, Zhao Kai and Guangwu, Suozi and yinliang, linghuhe and Suozhu. He also sent song Yao to the east to attack Liangxing and other cities to the west of Yumen. They conquered all the cities, so they settled down in Yumen and Yangguan, expanded the cultivated land, accumulated grain and grass, and used them as material reserves for the East expedition.

The Eastern Jin Dynasty

In the fifth year of Long'an (401), Li Zhen sent envoys to pay tribute to the later Qin Dynasty with memorials.

In the first year of Yuanxing (402), Yao Xing, the emperor of the later Qin Dynasty, appointed Li Gui as the general of Anxi and granted him the title of Marquis of Gaochang.

In the third year of Yuanxing (404), Li Tan, Li's eldest son, died. In the same year, Li Xin, Li's second son, became the crown prince.

In the first year of the reign of Yixi (405), Li Qi called himself a general, a governor of Dadu, and a herdsman of Qinliang. He was granted amnesty and changed his name to Jianchu. Huang Shi and Liang Xing were sent to Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) to visit the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

At the beginning, Li Zhen left her daughter Li Jingai to her father-in-law Yin Wen (Li Jingai's grandfather) when she went west. After Yin Wen moved to the East, Li Jingai was raised by the mother of Gu Liangbao. Later, baldness Tan, the king of Nanliang, went to Beishan to borrow the road. Liang Bao, the Xianbei faction, sent Li Jingai to Jiuquan and made peace with the Tongshi of Xiliang. Li sent envoys to thank him for his visit and presented local specialties. Li Li led 20000 cavalry troops to inspect the border to Jiandong. In the front of Shanshan, Wang sent envoys to pay tribute to local specialties. Soon afterwards, Juqu Mengxun, the monarch of Beiliang, invaded Xiliang, attacked Jiankang county (today's camel city in Gaotai County, Gansu Province), and plundered 3000 families. In a rage, Li Li led his cavalry to pursue him. He overtook and defeated Juqu Mengxun in Anmi (today's east of saquan County, Gansu Province), and took back all the families who had been plundered.

At first, at the end of the Jianyuan period of the pre Qin Dynasty, more than 10000 families of people from Jianghan Dynasty moved to Dunhuang, and more than 7000 families of people from the Central Plains who did not open up land moved to Dunhuang. When Guo Xun invaded Wuwei, thousands of families in the east of Wuwei and Zhangye fled West to Dunhuang and Jinchang. When Li Lei moved eastward, he moved all these people to Jiuquan. Five thousand southerners set up Kuaiji County, five thousand Zhongyuan people set up Guangxia County, and the remaining thirteen thousand families set up Wuwei, Wuxing and Zhangye counties. He built a city in nanziting of Dunhuang and captured Yiwei town in the south. Because there was no reply from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he once again sent monk Faquan to the Eastern Jin Dynasty to play the table secretly.

Moving capital to Jiuquan

In October of the first year of Yixi (405), Li Yu and Chang Shi Zhang Miao negotiated to move the capital to Jiuquan to exert threat and pressure on Beiliang, so he appointed Zhang tishun as the prefect of Jiankang and Le Su, song Yao as the guard of Dunhuang, and song rang, his son, as the prefect of Dunhuang, to guard Dunhuang, so he moved the capital to Jiuquan.

After Li moved to Jiuquan, he urged the development of agricultural production. Because of the bumper harvest in successive years and the people living and working in peace and contentment, qunliao asked to engrave stones in Jiuquan for commemoration, and Li agreed. So Liu Yanming was asked to write an article and carve stones to praise his merits. Later, Juqu Mengxun continued to invade every year, and Li was determined to pacify the territory with his kindness. He only made peace with him and made a treaty, not to fight with him. In the sixth year of Yixi (410), Juqu Mengxun broke the treaty and came to invade. Li Chang sent Prince Li Xin to intercept and defeat the northern Liang army, and captured the northern Liang general Juqu for 100 years.

On Shangsi day, Li Li went to the bend of the water to have a banquet. He ordered his colleagues to write poems. He wrote a preface himself. So he copied Zhuge Liang's admonition to encourage Zhuge Liang. They also built two encircles in the East and west of the old Dunhuang fortress in case of the northern invaders, and built two encircles in the southwest of the old Dunhuang fortress in order to shock the southern invaders.

Death

In the first month of the 13th year of the reign of Yixi (417), Li Zhen was sick and couldn't get up. He issued an imperial edict to song Yao, who said, "I suffered from grief since I was a child, prepared for all kinds of hardships, and was recommended by people here in the time of social unrest. I was weak and shallow, and could not unify Heyou. Now the strength is weak and will no longer be able to improve. Death is the law of nature. I'm not sad. What I regret is that my ambition can't be realized. People in the highest position should be careful to be alert to the omens of danger. After my death, Li Xin, like the son of Qing, tutored him well and told him my experience. Don't let him be arrogant and arrogant. The grand plan of the military and the state should be entrusted to the Qing government. We should not make the strategy wrong and lose the key to success or failure. "

In February of the same year, Li died at the age of 67. His posthumous title is king Wuzhao, and his temple title is Taizu. He was buried in Jianshi mausoleum.

After Li's death, Li Xin, the crown prince, succeeded to the throne and was known as the queen of Xiliang in history.

In the second year of Tianbao (743), li long, the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, was the grandson of Li Xi

Chinese PinYin : Li Gao