Ke Shaozhen

Ke Shaozhen

Ke Shaozhen (1848-1933) was named fengsun, Liaoyuan and suihan Pavilion. Shandong Jiaozhou people, late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China officials, scholars.

In the 12th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he was a Jinshi. He successively served as the editor of the Imperial Academy, the assistant reader, the assistant lecturer, the chief supervisor of the Capital University, the acting curator and the chief editor of the Qing History Museum. He wrote the new history of the Yuan Dynasty and was responsible for compiling the draft of Qing history. His academic achievements were affirmed by the people.

brief introduction

executive summary

Ke shaoxun (SH à o)

M í n) (1848-1933) was named fengsun, Fengsheng, Liaoyuan and suihan Pavilion. He was born in Datong village, Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province. He is a famous scholar in modern times, especially good at Changzhi historiography. He edited the new yuan history independently, and was responsible for compiling the draft of Qing history. His academic achievements were recognized by people. He once served as a director of the board of directors of Furen University (Beijing).

birth

Ke Shaozhen was born in a scholarly family in 1848. His grandfather Ke Peiyuan was a famous poet during the reign of Jiaqing and Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty. He was familiar with astronomy, geography, military science and array, and had many works. His father, Ke Juan, had many views on history, literature, phonology, writing and other traditional knowledge. He also made great achievements in poetry creation, such as the collation and supplement of seven tables in the Han Dynasty and the collection of poems in the old rain thatched cottage. His mother, Li Changxia, was not inferior to men in terms of traditional Chinese culture and poetry. Under the influence of such a good family environment, Ke Shaozhen showed a certain literary talent when he was young. When he was seven years old, he wrote a poem with artistic conception: "it's too late for the swallow to come in spring, and all the lilacs will fall in the empty court.". Of course, Ke's parents also attached great importance to the education and cultivation of their children. In 1861, in order to avoid the Nien rebellion, Ke's family moved from their original place to Wei county. In the exile, their parents still "listen to Xi to teach their children how to learn classics and history", and their daily education can be imagined. Later, his elder brother was a Jinshi in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, and his two younger sisters Ke Shaohui and Ke Shaohui were also famous talented women in Jiaozhou. Influenced by his family since childhood, Ke Shaozhen was diligent and studious, and had a spirit of obsession. When he was reading, he was very concentrated. Once, when he was near the fire, his sleeve was lit and he didn't notice it. When his father found the smell of smoke coming from his study, he learned that it was his son who was absorbed in books. For this reason, his father often referred to as "bookworm", and he was not without love to persuade him.

At the age of 16, Ke Shaozhen was a student in the county school. Later, he was called to study in Shangzhi Academy in Jinan, and became Kuangyuan's favorite student. In 1870, when he was 19 years old, he got the provincial examination. After the mid-term examination, he took part in the examination several times, but failed. In the following ten years, he was employed as a lecturer in the academies of Jin, Yue and Liaodong. After that, he made extensive contacts with scholars and officials in various provinces, and successively applied for the position of lecturer in Academies of Jin, Guangdong, Liaodong and other places. In 1886, he was a Jinshi in the imperial examination, so he joined the Hanlin academy as a scholar. Soon he was a editor, and began to engage in academic research and writing. He studied the classics of Confucianism such as Chunqiu Guliang Zhuan and Shangshu, and made great achievements. He revised four volumes of Shangshu Gu Gu Gu Gu Gu Gu Gu Gu Gu Gu Liang Zhuan for his father-in-law Wu Rulun.

In 1901, Ke Shaozhen took the post of Xuezheng of Hunan Province for four years. After returning to Beijing, he successively served as the Secretary of the Imperial College, the General Education Department of the noble school, and the daily living announcer of the Imperial Academy. In 1906, he was ordered to study education in Japan, and after returning to China, he served as an academic envoy in Guizhou. Two years later, he was sent back to the capital city. He was appointed by the Ministry of education to serve as the chief minister, the right side Council of the Department and the Imperial College of Beijing. In 1910, the Qing government set up the Council and served as a member. In October of the next year, he was appointed by the Council as the Minister of Shandong Youth League training.

After the founding of the Republic of China

Ke Shaozhen was grateful and nostalgic to the old lord and served as a minister of Xuantong. In the past, he was a relic of the Qing Dynasty; the Northern Warlord government asked him to preside over some academic institutions, but he refused to undertake any other duties except for the responsibility of compiling the draft of Qing history. In his life, he spent more time on the study of Yuan history and made great achievements. Academically, he had a chance to show his talents. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914 AD), Yuan Shikai opened the Qing History Museum and organized scholars to compile the history of the former dynasty. Zhao Erxun was the curator and Ke Shaozhen was the editor in chief. In 1928, Zhao Erxun died. Ke Shaozhen acted as the curator of the Qing History Museum and concurrently served as the chairman of the general committee of Oriental culture. Ke Shaozhen participated in the compilation of the draft of Qing history for 14 years, was responsible for reading the whole draft, and did a lot of work.

He made use of the new achievements of Yuan history research in Ming and Qing Dynasties. He also absorbed western materials and books about the history of Yuan Dynasty, such as the Mongolian history written by the French Duosang, to study the history of Yuan Dynasty systematically. In the Ming Dynasty, the history of the Yuan Dynasty compiled by Song Zhen and others had many mistakes and omissions due to the hasty completion of the book. Later, many people tried to revise the history of the Yuan Dynasty, but for various reasons, they failed. On this basis, he extensively collected the historical materials of the Yuan Dynasty, extensively collected and studied Yongle Dadian, related historical books and secret history, and made a lot of revision and enrichment to the yuan history of Song Zhen and others. Finally, in 1922, he completed 257 volumes and more than 1.5 million words of new Yuan history. It took 30 years. The next year, Xu Shichang, President of the Northern Warlord government, ordered the new yuan history to be included in the official history, which was published in 1922. In this way, the "twenty four histories" recognized by the central government became the "twenty five histories". After the completion of the new yuan history, the academic circles at home and abroad have also made a high evaluation of the new yuan history. They think that the book has collected the achievements of more than 500 years of research, added many new contents and corrected many mistakes, "comprehensive knowledge, great energy". This book has won a high academic reputation for Ke. The Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan, awarded the honorary doctor's degree of literature to Ke Shaozhen.

In addition to the new yuan history, he also wrote the textual research of the new yuan history (printed edition of Peking University). At the same time, he participated in compiling the draft of Qing history for 14 years. It is said that tiantianzhi, Shi Li Zhi, Ru Lin Zhuan, Wen Yuan Zhuan and Chou Ren Zhuan in the draft of Qing history were all compiled by him. After the Republic of China, Ke Shaozhen devoted himself to study, had no interest in official career, and had no interest in collecting money. He left his works on classics and history, CI Zhang, Li Suan, Jin Shi and other subjects, and became a well-known scholar.

Ke Shaozhen died in Beijing on August 31, 1933.

Life

In 1850, Li Changxia, a talented woman in Jiaozhou, gave birth to her second son. Jiaozhou Ke family is the descendant of Ke Jiusi, a famous scholar and painter in Yuan Dynasty. This branch of the Ke family moved to Jiaozhou City in the late Ming Dynasty. By the time of Daoguang, this branch of the Ke family had been in Jiaozhou for nearly ten generations, and each generation had talents to win glory for the Ke family in Jiaozhou. This year, in the Ke's courtyard, which is full of festive atmosphere due to the birth of a new baby, Ke Zhen, a famous Confucian in Jiaozhou, Shandong Province, and his brilliant wife Li Changxia named their new born second son Shao Zhen.

Ke Shaozhen, whose name is fengsun and Fengsheng, is called Liaoyuan, and his room is named suihan Pavilion. He is a famous historian in modern China. Ke Peiyuan, the grandfather of Ke Shaozhen, was a well-known anti British general in the Qing Dynasty, who had made many contributions to the war. His father, Ke Shaozhen, was a famous Confucian in the Qing Dynasty, his elder brother was a Jinshi in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, and his two younger sisters, Ke Shaohui and Ke Shaohui, were also famous talented women in Jiaozhou. Influenced by the strong cultural atmosphere in his family, Ke Shaozhen was able to write poems when he was 4 years old. At the age of 7, he already had such beautiful sentences as "swallows do not come, spring is late, and lilacs fall in the empty court", which were praised among local scholars. When Ke Shaozhen was 12 years old, he lived with his parents in Weixian. During this period, he extensively studied Classics and history, astronomy and mathematics, which laid a solid academic foundation for later becoming a learned man. At the age of 16, he transferred to Shangzhi Academy in Jinan and became Kuangyuan's favorite student.

Ke Shaozhen was a 20-year-old candidate in the local examination. In 1886, the erudite and talented Ke Shaozhen was selected as the editor of the Imperial Academy. Since then, he devoted himself to academic research and writing, and made a lot of academic achievements in the study of Confucian classics such as Chunqiu Guliang Zhuan and Shangshu. In 1901, Ke Shaozhen took up the post of Hunan Academy of education. Because of his outstanding achievements, he was transferred back to Beijing, where he successively served as the Secretary of Guozijian, the chief teacher of noble academy, and the daily lecture of Hanlin Academy. Later, he was ordered to go to Japan to study education, and after returning to China, he served as an academic envoy in Guizhou.

In the second year of Xuantong (1910), the precarious Qing Dynasty established the house of Lords, and Ke Shaozhen, who had a high reputation, became a member of the house of Lords. In October of that year, appointed by the Council, Ke Shao was appointed Minister of Shandong League training. Soon after, he was transferred back to Beijing as a Bachelor of ceremony academy, and was awarded the honor of "riding in the Forbidden City". His main duty was to teach the last emperor Puyi, who was four years old, to read. Ke Shaozhen was the teacher of the second emperor of Jiaozhou in Qing Dynasty after Kuang yuan.

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Ke Shaozhen cried bitterly and resolutely refused to cut his braids. He had been living in seclusion as a relic of the Qing Dynasty. In 1914, the Qing Dynasty history museum was established in Beijing. Ke Shaozhen was appointed as the editor in chief of the Qing Dynasty history manuscript, and organized more than 100 people to compile the 536 volume Qing Dynasty history manuscript. At the same time, he devoted himself to the revision of Yuan history. In 1922, Ke Shaozhen completed 257 volumes and more than 1.5 million words of new yuan history. This historical book, which took more than 30 years to complete, is known as the great achievement of the study of Yuan history, and later included in the "twenty five histories". In October 1925, Ke Shaozhen also presided over the compilation of the summary of Siku Quanshu.

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Ke Shaozhen as a relic of the Qing Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Ke Shao Wen