Wu Fangji

Wu Fangji

Wu Fangji (1896-1932) was born in Daganba, Jiangjin District, Chongqing. His name is Biliu, and his name is Wu Sheng of Baiwu. He is known as a poet of Baiwu in the world (see Jiangjin County annals). His brilliant talent and Su Manshu's elegant talent are reflected back and forth. He is a famous Chinese poet in 1920s.

brief introduction

In 1896, Wu Fangji was born in Biliu courtyard, Yangliu street, Chongqing. When he was 8 years old, he moved back to Jiangjin with his father. At the age of 10, he entered Jukui primary school in Baisha Town, Chongqing. At the age of 13, Wu Fangji wrote the famous history book of diplomatic failure in a two-hour composition class, which was praised by his teachers and printed throughout the county. He was praised as a child prodigy.

Wu Fangji lived in a bad place, where there were many prostitutes and gamblers. His father Wu Chuanjiang whitewashed the wall and door with lime, and wrote "White House and Wu house", which means the house of innocence. So Wu Fangji called himself "White House and Wu Sheng". In 1910, he was admitted to Tsinghua garden preparatory school in Beijing. In 1912, because of his support and protest against the Chinese students who were insulted by American teachers, he was forced to leave school and go home. At school, Wu Fangji met Wu Mi and became a close friend. Wu Mi is often the first reader of Wu Fangji's new works. Wu Fangji has benefited a lot from Wu Mi.

Later, he was an English teacher of Jiazhou (now Leshan) middle school. In the autumn of 1919, he went to Shanghai to proofread Zhang's series of books by Shanghai Youwen society, a teacher of Yongning (now Xuyong) middle school (now Xuyong No.1 Middle School), and a teacher of Shanghai xinqun Poetry (during which he published poems such as Wanrong Ci and two fathers and daughters). He successively served as a teacher of Shanghai China public school, Hunan Changsha Mingde middle school, and a teacher of Xi'an Northwest University In 1927, he was employed as professor and head of Chinese Department of Chengdu University, Professor of Sichuan University, President of Jiangjin middle school, etc. In 1929, he participated in the establishment of Chongqing University and served as the director of liberal arts preparatory course. In 1931, he was employed as the principal of Jiangjin middle school. After the "September 18th Incident", he wrote the Anti Japanese poem "Ba Ren Ge" and went to Chongqing and other places to recite speeches. While reciting his speech, he was impassioned and tearful. He fainted on the platform and died on May 9, 1932 in Baiwu, Jiangjin's former residence, at the age of 36.

He is known as the pioneer of the reform of poetry and is a patriotic poet who is well-known throughout the country. His representative work, Wanrong Ci, has been praised as "almost comparable to Peacock Flying Southeast" by Chinese poetry circles. Wanrong CI describes the love tragedy of a virtuous rural woman who was abandoned by her husband to study abroad. As soon as the poem was published, it caused shock in the literary world. Readers all over the country vied with each other to recite it, and it was selected into primary and secondary school textbooks. At that time, as long as the scholars mentioned Wu Fangji, they could chant: "where is America?..."

Today, after all, Peacock Flying Southeast is an eternal classic. No matter how good Wanrong CI is, it has no comparability. But the influence at that time can be seen. His character and literary quality have also been highly praised by Zhou Enlai, Guo Moruo and others.

In 1910, Wu Fangji was admitted to the preparatory class for studying in the United States at Tsinghua garden in Beijing. In 1912, Wu Mi and Wu Fangji were elected as representatives of the strike because they protested against American teachers' unjustifiable humiliation of Chinese students who were absent from exams due to illness. Wu Fangji is the youngest. He imitates Luo Binwang's "call for Wu" and writes "call for the headmaster" and signs his name to seek justice. Later, he refused to admit his mistake and was expelled from the school at the age of 16.

After being expelled from Tsinghua University, Wu Fangji wandered around Beijing. Later, he went to Shanghai book company to do proofreading. The next year, with the help of his classmates, he went back to Sichuan on foot. Along the way, he begged and went back to his hometown for half a year. This experience of falling to the bottom made Wu Fangji understand the Chinese society at that time. The violence of warlords, the pain of war, the hardship of the people, the oppression of women All of them bring shock to his soul and become a raging wave at the bottom of the pen. Wu Fangji's poetry has become a clarion call and weapon to reflect the suffering of the people's Livelihood: "three days without writing about the suffering of the people, the article has failed many people."

After that, Wu Fangji studied, created and taught at the same time. Wu Fangji has been teaching all over the country. With his academic reputation and the introduction of his best friend Wu Mi, he has been a middle school teacher and a university professor. He has been employed to teach in Northwest University, Northeast University, Chengdu University, Sichuan University and other famous universities. In 1929, he worked with professors from Chongqing to establish Chongqing University and served as the director of the Department of liberal arts.

In 1931, at the invitation of the then head of Jiangjin County, he resigned from the post of head and professor of major literature department, and returned to Jiangjin middle school as president. After Wu Fangji arrived at the school, he wrote the four seal characters "Xue, Hai, Jin and Liang" on the brick pillars of the school as the school motto. He hired excellent teachers from other places to teach in Jiangjin middle school with high salary, and specially hired foreign professors from Chongqing University to give lectures. Jiangjin middle school in his hard work, soon rose to China's first-class middle school.

On the occasion of the September 18th Incident in 1931, Wu Fangji, then president of Jiangjin middle school, read the newspaper late at night. Seeing the news, he immediately rang the school bell and gathered all the teachers and students to protest. In 1932, after the "128" incident, the Japanese attacked Shanghai, and the 19th Route Army rose up to resist Japan. Wu Fangji, hearing the news, sang generously and wanted to go to the front line alone to kill the enemy, but was persuaded back by the teachers and students from the riverside. His uncontrollable passion made him write the Anti Japanese poem Ba Ren Ge, which praises the 19th Route Army The poems, which had been read for a while, became the mobilization order to arouse the people's resistance. On May 4, he was invited to Chongqing to give a speech on Anti Japanese propaganda and recite "Ba Ren Ge" in public. Thousands of audiences were silent, blood boiling and tears streaming down their faces.

When he returned to Jiangjin, he conveyed to all the teachers and students that all walks of life in Chongqing shared a common hatred for the enemy and were concerned about the war of resistance. He once again recited the ballad of Ba people. Before finishing the recitation, the poet and headmaster fell down with pale face. On May 9, 1932, Wu Fangji died at the age of 36, with more than 700 mourners.

Fangji has been a poor, malnourished and weak man since she was a child. When he went to the national calamity alone at Chaotianmen Wharf in Chongqing, he was generous and desolate, which was full of the heroic spirit of Jingqing, the state of Yan, who slaughtered Qin. Although he has lived only 36 years, he has lived more than 100 years. Fangji is the model of Sichuan people and the model of Chinese people.

work

Apart from Wanrong Ci and two fathers and daughters, there are also some famous poems such as Huguo Yanci and BA renge. Wu Sheng's poems in white house was published in 1929. In 1934, his friends compiled Mr. Wu Baiwu's posthumous letter, Bai Wu Jiayan and Bai Wu Jiashu. In 1982, Sichuan people's Publishing House and Bashu Publishing House published the anthology of Bai Wu's poems and Wu Fangji's complete works. Taiwan has also published its poetry collection.

When Wu Fangji stepped into the field of poetry, it was the rise of the May 4th literary revolution. In his poetry creation, he put forward his own unique views and argued about "the new and old literary views". It criticizes the "mutation theory" which denies the traditional poetic style, the "alternative theory" which is totally Europeanized, and the "conservatism" which sticks to the stereotypes. He advocated that poetry should have a sense of the times and reality. Wu's poems are full of patriotic passion, which deeply reflects the real life, describes the suffering of the people, exposes the sharp pre contradiction of society, and expresses the people's pursuit and will. Moreover, the language is fresh and fluent, catchy, free and lively in form, regardless of length. Wu Fangji's poetry is an exploration and innovation on the basis of ancient poetry and folk songs. He tries to find a new way to integrate Chinese, western, ancient and modern poetry culture into a new style of poetry. The author respects this spirit of positive innovation and reform.

In the eastern suburb of Xuyong County, there is a "Wanrong tomb" on the hillside of Zhenwu mountain. In the autumn of 1918, Wu Fangji was introduced by his friend Zhao Heqin to Yongning Middle School of Xuyong County as a teacher of Chinese for one year. In addition to teaching, Wu Fangji often went to the tomb of Wanrong to pay homage to the emperor, which produced the original idea of Wanrong CI. Later, he combined with real life, after repeated brewing into "Wanrong Ci".

Zhang Caiqin (late), a librarian of Sichuan literature and history research Museum, describes the creation process of Wu Fangji's Wanrong CI in his article "recalling Wu Fangji, a poet in White House". In the autumn of 1919, Wu Fangji taught at Shanghai Public School of China. On the 27th of August in the old calendar, Confucius was sacrificed to Confucius on his birthday. He could not sleep when he was drunk at night, so he wrote Wanrong CI overnight. The next morning, Cao Zhiwu and his colleague saw that Cao was moved to tears. At the same time, Mr. Fangji also taught in Shanghai Qinye women's middle school. He printed a handout and sent it to the students. All the students in the class were moved and wept for it, which showed that the poem was deeply moving at that time. At that time, Kang Baiqing, a Sichuan native, also wrote new poems and published a new poem called cao'er. He also praises Mr. Fangji's Wanrong Ci, but he has a slight complaint that there are very neat sentences in the vernacular poems, such as "the wild is broad, the autumn wind is tight, the river is faint and the moon is slanting". When Zhang Caiqin heard this, he asked Mr. Fangji to teach him. He said: writing poetry is like writing, and literary thinking is like the Yangtze River. The waves are turbulent and flow down. He can't stop until he has complete and steady sentences.

Wu Fangji's "Wanrong Ci" describes the love tragedy of a kind and virtuous peasant woman, Wanrong, who was abandoned by her husband to study abroad. The use of line drawing technique, sentence length, with rhythmic beauty. There are more than 90 sentences in the poem, which are filled with grief and resentment, and tears of bitterness and bitterness. After its publication in Shanghai's xinqun magazine, Wanrong CI has become a sensation in the literary world for its deep love, beautiful words and tear jerking. Readers all over the country vie to recite it, and people praise it as a new poet. The reason why Wanrong CI is loved by readers is that it has a new form, a successful use of language and a true feeling

Chinese PinYin : Wu Fang Ji