Sima you

Sima you

Sima you (246-283), with the character y ó u and the character Taofu. He Nei Wen county (now Henan Wen County) people. He was the second son of Sima Zhao, Emperor Wen of Jin Dynasty, and his mother was Wang Yuanji, Queen of civilization.

Sima you is gentle, intelligent and has governance ability. Because his uncle Sima Shi has no son, he was adopted to him and became the Marquis of Wuyang. After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, he was granted the title of king of Qi and successively held the important posts of general Hushi, Sikong, Kaifu Yitong, etc. In the late years of Emperor Wu, there was a strong demand for Sima you to succeed in the imperial court. Ministers Xun Xu and Feng Chuan took the opportunity to slander Sima you and pushed him out of the imperial court. As a result, Sima you became ill and died of hematemesis. He was 36 years old at that time, and his posthumous title was "Xian".

Sima you is good at calligraphy, and Wang sengqian of the Southern Qi Dynasty said in his treatise on calligraphy that "the calligraphy of king you of the Jin and Qi dynasties is regular script in Beijing and Luoyang.". There are two volumes of collected works, which have been lost.

Life of the characters

Wisdom in childhood

Sima you was very smart when he was young. As an adult, he was gentle, close to talents, and willing to give to others. He loved reading classics, could write articles, and was especially good at writing letters. As a result, he became a model at that time, surpassing his brother Sima Yan in talent and prestige. His grandfather Sima Yi valued him very much.

Because his uncle Sima Shi had no son, Sima you adopted him as his successor.

In the second year of Jiaping (251), Wang Ling, the Taiwei, was accused of plotting to rebel. Sima Yi led the expedition, and Sima you went with him. After the war, he was granted the title of Marquis of changleting.

In 255, Sima Shi died of illness. At that time, Sima you was only ten years old. He was very sad at the funeral. He moved people around him and was praised. After that, Xifeng was the Marquis of Wuyang. After the death of Sima Shi, Sima you served Yang Huiyu in another house, famous for his filial piety.

Assist the government

Later, Sima you served as a regular cavalry officer and an infantry captain. He had dignity and grace in running the army.

In the first year of Xianxi (264), the fifth rank Baron system was established. Sima you was renamed Marquis of Anchang county and moved to be general Wei.

Sima Zhao passed away in 265, the second year of emperor Xianxi. Sima you was too sad during his funeral, which exceeded the etiquette. I didn't get water and rice for several days, so I didn't accept food. Wang Yuanji went to comfort him personally, and often forced Sima you to eat and drink. In addition, his Sima Jixi remonstrated, but had to eat again.

In the same year, Sima Yan established the Western Jin Dynasty, and Sima you was granted the title of king of Qi. At that time, he was very popular in the military affairs of the president, at home and abroad.

At that time, the kings ordered by Sima Yan to enfeoffment could choose their own officials to enfeoffment. Although Sima you wrote three times against it, he was not accepted, but when he was appointed as a domestic official in the future, he still insisted on being appointed by the imperial court and did not make his own arrangements. In addition, the royal family was responsible for all the food and clothing expenses of the imperial clan at that time, but Sima you claimed that it was enough to live on the rent and tax of the feudal state, and repeatedly said that he did not need the financial support of the royal family, but he was not accepted. Although Sima you stayed in Luoyang and did not go to the feudal state, the vassal officials of the feudal state would reward them with the rent and tax, and Sima you would pay for every illness and death When natural disasters caused the loss of agricultural production, Sima you would give relief and credit to the people of Fengguo, and also reduce the rent and tax, so that they could make up for what they owed in the year of bumper harvest, which made the people of Fengguo trust him very much.

Later, he moved to be a general of Hushi and the third division of Kaifu Yitong. Although he was in a high position, he was still modest and honest. Because Sima you won people's support, the general of puma at that time should stop the camp as usual, but thousands of his men refused to leave. Sima Yan finally allowed them to continue under Sima you. At every court meeting, Sima you made a careful statement and gave advice.

He was also appointed as a general of the town army, served as a servant, acting as Prince Shaofu, and became Prince Taifu a few years later.

In the first year of Xianning (275), Sima you, he Zeng, Jia Chong, Chen Qian, Xun Xu, Yang Hu, and the late Zheng Chong, Xun Yi, Shi Bao, Pei Xiu, Wang Shen, Sima Fu were all inscribed in the temple for sacrifice.

In the second year of Xianning (276), Sima you took over the post of Sikong from Jia Chong, and still led the posts of Shizhong and Taizi Taifu.

When Liu Yuan was young, Sima you was alert to his behavior, so he said to Sima Yan, "if your majesty doesn't get rid of Liu Yuan, I'm afraid Bingzhou won't be able to have long-term peace." Wang Hun said: "Dajin was about to appease the alien race with his faith. Why did he kill the son of the emperor for the sake of invisible doubt? Why can't the grace be generous? " Sima Yan agreed with Wang Hun.

Guiqi Zhenchao

Sima Zhao worried about the fate of Sima you when he was seriously ill. On his deathbed, Sima Zhao advised Sima Yan and Sima you to live in peace with each other by telling Liu Chang, King li of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty, Cao Zhi, King chensi of Cao Wei, and their elder brothers. Wang Yuanji, the queen of civilization, once fell ill. After getting well, both Sima Yan and Sima you drank to celebrate their birthday, As a result, Sima Yan felt ashamed. Sima you once served Sima Yan when he was ill. He always looked sad and haggard, so all his ministers praised him. When Wang Yuanji was dying, she also said to Sima Yan in tears, "Taofu is impatient, but you are not loving. If my illness is cured, I am worried that you will not be able to accommodate him, so I ask you not to forget my words. "

But when Sima Yan destroyed Wu, his health deteriorated, and the prince and other princes were weak. Everyone in the court hoped that Sima you would succeed him. But at that time, Sima you was very disgusted with the flattery of Sima Yan's favorite officials Xun Xu and Feng Qian. They were also afraid that once Sima you really succeeded, they would be relegated, so they wanted to transfer the king of Qi back to the feudal state on the pretext of being the crown prince.

In the third year of Taikang (282), Sima Yan issued an imperial edict to appoint Sima you as the grand Sima, the false Festival, and the military commander of Qingzhou, and returned to the state of Qi. Sima you was very unhappy when he learned that it was Xun Xu's idea to ask him to return to the feudal state. As a result, Sima you demanded to stay at the mausoleum of Wang Yuanji, the queen of civilization, but was not allowed.

Before that, Sima Yan's decision to let Sima you return to the feudal state of Qi suffered great resistance from the officials. Some of the Admonishers suffered relegation, imprisonment, and even indignation to the dead, including Zhang Hua, Cao Zhi, Xiang Xiong, Sima Jun, Wang Hun, Yang Xiu, Cheng can, Liu Huang, Zheng Mo, Zhen De, Wang Ji and other important courtiers.

Resentful illness and death

Sima Yan also sent the imperial doctors to see Sima you. They all said that Sima you was not ill, so soon Sima you was still urged to leave as soon as his condition worsened. Sima you only said goodbye to his illness. Although he was seriously ill, he still dressed and behaved as usual, which made Sima Yan think that he was not ill. In 283, Sima you died at the age of 36.

Sima Yan was very sad when he heard of Sima you's death, but Feng Chuan said: "the king of Qi is too famous to be true, but he has won the hearts of the people all over the world. Today, his death is a blessing of the country. Your majesty doesn't have to be so sad!" Sima Yan stopped crying. When Sima Yan went to the funeral, Sima Fu, the son of Sima you, complained that the Royal doctors falsely claimed that Sima you was not ill, so Sima Yan killed the royal doctor and granted Sima you the posthumous title of "Xian". The funeral standard was the same as that of Sima Fu, the king of Anping, "the temple has Xuanxuan music, and it's for the imperial temple.".

Character evaluation

General comments

Sima you was gentle and restrained by propriety, so he made few mistakes. If you want to borrow books from others, you must read them in person, and then return them. In addition, he has a good disposition, and some people who touch his taboo are just crying. Even Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, was in awe of him. Every time he was in the same room with him, he had to think well before he spoke.

Historical evaluation

Zhang Hua: Ming De's closest relatives are like you, the king of Qi.

Wang Hun: you are close to Sheng De, just like Duke Zhou.

Xiang Xiong: although your majesty has many children, few are famous. When the king of Qi was lying in the capital, he could not help thinking.

Sima Yan: Shizhong, Sikong, and you, king of Qi, are clear and honest.

Feng Chuan: the king of Qi is too famous, but the world belongs to him.

Wang sengqian: you Shu was written by the king of Jin and Qi, and Jing Luo thought it was regular script.

Fang Xuanling: first, the king of Qi made two sacrifices to each other, promoted the development of the two southerners, enlightened the public and refined the customs, respected the balance of the stage, and had a bright future. After that, he doubted and forced, refined and flawed, and he was full of the evil plot of Chen mancao and the stagnant love of Emperor Wu shenyizi. Then he was deprived of his position in the army and moved to the Marquis to serve in the lower vassal. He failed to stop painting, and finally became angry. What a pity! If you want to get rid of the harm in the golden age, you should be ordered to wear your clothes, and be entrusted with the responsibility of the plan. You should be able to help the emperor, and you should be allowed to make sure that the government of the country is established, and you can seek the omens of the underworld, or if you want to abolish the prosperity of the country, and if you want to collect the personnel, you will be able to win and defeat. How dare the eight kings fight and the five Hu can compete! In the book of songs, it is said that "when people die, the country will be exhausted", which is true. "Slander people and disorder the four countries", which is also called by Xun Feng. ② Wen Xuan Sun Tzu is either virtuous or despicable. Fu Feng's love, Lang Xie's self-control. Dan flatter fierce Kui, Dan can fight at the beginning. Although the stem is quiet, the nature is obedient and rational. Bimei is outstanding. His own punishment state, Weiwu Scripture. Wood destroyed in the show, LAN Shao to smoke.

Dou Peng: great is the king of Qi. Besides calligraphy, Ren Xian is excellent. The heavy is abrupt song, China, light is uneven bullfight.

Sima Guang: you are a filial friend with many materials and arts. He is well-known in Qing Dynasty.

Chen Pu: there is no road to Hanzhang within a short distance. Qingzhou's administration is like that of the three generations. How can it be relied on.

Wang Fuzhi: the death of the Western Jin Dynasty was due to the suspicion of you, the king of Qi. You and save, Yang can not be good at the country, Jia can not be cheating, eight kings can not be chaos. Therefore, it is necessary to argue for the survival of Jin Dynasty You are not at ease with the state, Emperor Wu has no heart of suspicion at the beginning, and Xun Zhe and Feng Qian are at ease You are good enough to support the country, but how can you have the virtue of Duke Zhou

Chinese PinYin : Si Ma You