Gong Baoquan

Gong Baoquan

Gong Baoquan (1886-1922), a modern bourgeois revolutionary. The original name is Guoyuan, the name is Weisheng, weisun, Weisheng, and the other name is dunian monk. He is from Xiushui, Zhejiang Province (now Jiaxing). His ancestral home is Nanhui in Shanghai. During the reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (after Taiping Heavenly Kingdom), his ancestors Jiumu moved to Jiaxing and lived in mashehui. Gong Shi's traditional Chinese medicine as a business, there are secret recipe, the wine, famous in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Baoquan's father, Gong Shouren, was a doctor after his ancestors; his mother, Wu, came from a literary and painting family. Baoquan had been taught by his mother since childhood and loved literature and history. In 1900 (the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he studied in Xiushui school (now Xiuzhou middle school). He was on strike and dropped out of school because of his opposition to American missionaries.

Early experience

Gong Baoquan studied in Japan in 1902 (the 28th year of Guangxu). He studied in Tsinghua University and Zhenwu University. Worried about the country's growing troubles, he decided to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. In 1903 (the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), in order to oppose Russia's conspiracy to annex Northeast China, the anti Russian volunteer team was set up in Tokyo with Huang Xing, Tao Chengzhang, Niu Yongjian, Yang Dusheng, etc., and then reorganized into the military National Education Association. In 1904 (the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he returned to China and was enthusiastic about assassination activities. He organized an assassination group in Shanghai and founded the restoration society in Shanghai with Cai Yuanpei and Tao Chengzhang. He was one of the important leaders of the restoration society and introduced Zhang Taiyan and Xu Xilin to the society. He joined the league in 1905. In order to cover the revolutionary activities, Xu Xilin, Tao Chengzhang and Gong Baoquan had secret business with each other and obtained the official position of Tongzhi in the Qing government through donating officials, so as to gain real power. Later, Xu Xilin went to Japan, Beijing and Anhui as a donator, while Bao Quan and Tao Chengzhang went deep into the east of Zhejiang Province to contact the association and strengthen the power of the restoration Association. Shaoxing Datong school was established with Tao Chengzhang and Xu Xilin to cultivate the revolutionary backbone. In the summer of 1906 (the 32nd year of Guangxu), Baoquan and Tao Chengzhang went to Anhui Wuhu middle school to carry out revolutionary activities under the cover of teachers. Soon, the alliance would fail in the area of Pingxiang. Baoquan and Tao Chengzhang left because of avoiding disaster. After Zhang Taiyan was released from prison in 1906, he became his wife Baoquan.

Revolutionary career

In the spring of 1907 (the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he went to Japan with Tao Chengzhang, and soon went to the Dutch Nanyang Islands (today's Indonesia) with Li zhuzhong to contact overseas Chinese, set up schools and gather revolutionary forces.

When Gong Baoquan was in Japan, Zhang Taiyan was the editor in chief of Min Bao, so he organized Zhang Taiyan to give lectures. His friends Lu Xun, Qian Xuantong, Xu shoushang and Zhu Xizu attended the lectures. In the autumn of 1908 (the 34th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), the minbao library was closed down, and Baoquan destroyed the list of Zhejiang party members he had, thus preserving his comrades.

In the nearly 10 years before the revolution of 1911, Gong Baoquan worked hard in revolution. In Gong weisun's autobiographical history of revolution, he said: "you will not be confused when you see profit, and you will not be upset when you are strong.". The conflict between the later alliance and the restoration society became more and more serious. Baoquan took the overall situation into consideration and tried to mediate, but it didn't work, so he gradually retreated passively. After the restoration of Zhejiang Province, Baoquan returned to China and was stabbed by Tao Chengzhang. He regretted it. He broke away from political activities, studied Buddhism and called himself a monk. In 1912, he served as deputy director and curator of Zhejiang Library, printed Zhang Taiyan's "Zhang's series" and sent people to Beijing to copy "Si Ku Quan Shu". In the same year, Yu Wei and Xu zexun were appointed as the head of Zhejiang Jixun branch. In 1916, Yuan Shikai conspired to become emperor, and Baoquan participated in the plot to expel Zhu Rui, the governor of Zhejiang Province, who supported yuan. After Zhejiang declared independence, he served as the foreign affairs adviser of the governor's office, and was elected as a provincial Councilor and deputy speaker. In the spring of 1921, he was employed as a member of the provincial autonomous preparatory office, and was elected a member of the provincial constitutional assembly in the summer of the same year. In his later years, he studied Buddhism and organized Jiaxing Buddhist research association with fan Gunong.

He died of lung disease in June 1922 and was buried in wuziqiao, Lingyin Temple, Hangzhou. During the "Cultural Revolution", the tomb was destroyed and the remains were moved to the nearby Longmen Mountain. In 1931, Jiaxing built the memorial tower for the martyrs of the 1911 Revolution, and Gong Baoquan was listed as one of the seven martyrs.

Gong Baoquan was originally the eldest daughter of Zhang Taiyan. In September 1915, Yuan Shikai imprisoned his father and hanged himself in his Beijing apartment. He continued to marry Chu Mingying (Chu Fucheng's niece) of Jiaxing and had no children. He took his nephew Gong Zhaowen as his heir.

Character's former residence

Mashehui (town) used to be called alfalfa Bay. Alfalfa can be choked field, purple flowers, spring wide even fields, look like beautiful. One day in May, 1886, when alfalfa and rose were in full bloom, Gong Baoquan was born in a medical family here (No. 17, mashehui). The former residence of Chaodong Yidai is a two-story building with a traditional Chinese medicine shop on the street. It used to be called Tongshan hall. It was built in the reign of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty. In 1903, at the age of 17, he went to Japan to join the revolution. The following year, Cai Yuanpei and Tao Chengzhang founded the restoration society in Shanghai. Bao Quan made great contributions to the revolution of 1911 in Zhejiang Province, such as founding the Datong school, the liaison Association uprising and so on. Since 1912, he has been the director of Zhejiang Library. More than 10 years later, the patient died. Gong Baoquan was Zhang Taiyan's son-in-law. Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren both have written accounts of their learning from Zhang Taiyan in Tokyo because of Bao Quan's introduction. In 1990, Qizhen cultural station held a publicity window for celebrities such as Gong Baoquan, which was very touching.

Chinese PinYin : Gong Bao Quan