Meng Chang

Meng Chang

Meng Chang (December 9, 919 - July 12, 965), whose real name is Meng renzan, was born in Longgang County, Xingzhou (now Xingtai City, Hebei Province). During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the last emperor of post Shu (934-965) was the son of Meng Zhixiang, the ancestor of post Shu.

He was born in Taiyuan in 919. After the establishment of houshu, he served as Dongchuan Jiedu envoy and Tongping Zhangshi, and soon became the crown prince. In the first year of the Ming Dynasty (934), he formally ascended the throne. He was diligent in political affairs, killed the generals Li renhan and Zhang Ye, and captured the four prefectures of Qin, Feng, Ji and Cheng, all of which had the land of former Shu. It happened that there were many wars in the Central Plains, so there were few wars in the Central Plains. In the later period of his rule, he was attacked by the Later Zhou Dynasty. In the 17th year of Guangzheng (964), he was attacked by the army of the Song Dynasty, defeated and surrendered. He entered Kaifeng and was canonized as the Duke of the state of Qin.

In the third year of Qiande (965), he died at the age of 47. He was given the order of secretary of state and the king of Chu with the posthumous title of "gongxiao". He is fond of learning and writing, and there is one of his poems in Quan Tang Shi.

Life of the characters

Born in Taiyuan

Meng Chang is the third son of Meng Zhixiang (according to the epitaph of Princess Fuqing, Meng Chang should be the fifth son of Meng Zhixiang. Li's mother, who was originally the concubine of Li Cunxu, Zhuang Zong in the later Tang Dynasty, gave Li to Meng Zhixiang. On November 14, the 16th year of Tianyou (919), the Li family gave birth to Meng Chang in Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi). When Meng Zhixiang was guarding the land of Shu, Meng Chang and his mother Li entered the land of Shu with his wife, Princess Qionghua. When Meng Zhixiang was appointed governor of Liangchuan, he took Meng Chang as his marching horse.

Ascend to the throne as Emperor

In the first month of the first year of the Qing Dynasty (934), Meng Zhixiang called himself Emperor and appointed Meng Chang as Dongchuan Jiedushi and tongzhongshu Xiaping Zhangshi. In July of the same year, Meng Zhixiang was seriously ill. On July 26, he made Meng chang the crown prince and acted as the government agent. That night, Meng Zhixiang died, but his secret did not mourn. The secret envoy Wang Chuhui went to Sikong and Zhao Jiliang, who was in charge of pingzhangshi under Zhongshu, to cry. Zhao Jiliang said seriously: "now that the vassal town has a heavy army, it is specially waiting for the situation to change. It is useless to cry if it is necessary to establish a successor quickly." Wang Chuhui and Zhao Jiliang decided to make Meng Chang emperor and then mourn. When Meng Chang ascended the throne, he did not change the Yuan Dynasty, but still called the year of Mingde. It was not until 938 that he changed the year to Guangzheng.

Eliminate old ministers

Meng Xiang was lazy, but Meng Chang didn't obey the law and discipline. Meng Chang ascended the throne for several months, arrested Li renhan, killed him, and annihilated his family. At that time, Li Zhao, the Jiedu envoy of the Zhaowu Army (now Guangyuan, Sichuan Province), came to the court from the town. He came to the court with a stick and said that he was ill and could not worship. When he heard of Li renhan's death, he immediately put down his crutch and fell to the ground. Meng Chang ordered him to retire and be relegated to Qiongzhou (now Qionglai, Sichuan Province) for ever. In the ninth year of Guangzheng (946), Zhao Jiliang died, and Zhang Ye became more autocratic. Zhang Ye is Li renhan's nephew. When Li renhan was killed, Zhang Ye was in charge of the imperial army. Meng Chang was afraid of his rebellion and took him as the prime minister. Zhang Ye also served as the sentencing officer. He set up a prison at home and used the cruel criminal law to impose exorbitant levies on the people in the later Shu Dynasty. The people hated him very much. In the 11th year of Guangzheng (948), Meng Chang and kuangsheng commander an Siqian designed to arrest Zhang Ye and put him to death. Wang Chuhui, an autocratic and greedy king, and Zhao Tingyin, a poor and extravagant man, were dismissed one after another, so they lost all their old ministers. Meng Changcai began to be in charge of the government. He set up a letter in the court and accepted the letters from his subjects to understand the situation.

King of Xinjiang

At that time, the Liao Kingdom destroyed the later Jin Dynasty, and Liu Zhiyuan, the emperor of the later Han Dynasty, set up troops in Taiyuan. The Central Plains was full of troubles. He rebuilt the Xiongwu army and attached the Qin, Cheng and Ji prefectures to the later Shu. Meng Chang sent sun hanshao to capture Fengzhou, thus completely restoring the territory of the former Shu King Yan Shi. Later Han Dynasty generals Zhao Siwan rebelled against Yongxing and Wang Jingchong rebelled against Fengxiang, all of which were attached to Meng Chang. Meng Chang sent Zhang Qianzhao out of Dashan pass, he Jianyou out of Longyou, and Li Tingfan out of Ziwu Valley in response to Zhao Siwan. Meng Chang's prime minister, Mu Zhaoyi, earnestly remonstrated that it was impossible. However, Meng Chang was determined to capture Guanzhong, so he sent an Siqian to increase troops to the East. Soon after, Zhao Siwan, Wang Jingchong and Zhang Qianzhao were killed in the later Han Dynasty. An Siqian was ashamed of his failure and killed many soldiers to intimidate people. Meng Chang and the imperial emissary Wang Zao design to kill an Siqian. However, there is an urgent play from the frontier official. Wang Zao does not report in time and opens the envelope without authorization. Meng Chang is angry. When he killed an Siqian, Wang Zao was also nearby, so he was caught and beheaded. In the 12th year of Guangzheng (949), Meng Chang set up the Ministry of Li, Sanquan and the Ministry of rites. In the 13th year of Guangzheng (950), Meng Changjia was honored as "Ruiwen Yingwu Rensheng Mingxiao emperor". He immediately made his six sons king.

Four states enter the week

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< sub > the battle of Houzhou attacking houshu

In the 18th year of Guangzheng (955), Chai Rong sent troops from QinZhou to attack houshu. Meng Chang sent Han Jixun as the governor of the Xiongwu army. When he heard that the Zhou army came to attack, he sighed, "where can Han Jixun stop the Zhou army?" When Zhao Jizha, an envoy of the foreign Province, asked to go, he sent Zhao Jizha to supervise the army in Qinzhou. Zhao Jizha traveled to Deyang. When he heard that Zhou Bing had arrived, he immediately rushed back to report. Meng Chang asked him. Zhao Jizha was so frightened that he could not say a word. Meng Chang killed him in a rage and immediately sent Gao Yanfu and Li Tingfan out of the hall to fight against Zhou Jun. Gao Yan and his wife were defeated and retreated to qingni. As a result, Qin, Cheng, Jie and Feng were again occupied by Zhou army. Meng Chang was afraid and sent envoys to the Southern Tang Dynasty and the northern Han Dynasty to contact each other. In 957, Later Zhou Shizong returned the captured Shu army, and Meng Chang also sent the captured Zhou General Hu Li to the capital and wrote to later Zhou Shizong. Later Zhou Shizong thought that Meng Chang had no courtier's etiquette, so he was very angry and didn't reply. In 958, the late Zhou Dynasty attacked the Southern Tang Dynasty and captured the fourteen prefectures of Huainan. Gao Baorong in the south of Jing called Meng Chang back to Zhou in a letter. Meng Chang stopped returning to Zhou because he had written to Hou Shizong before and didn't get a reply.

Subjugation and surrender

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< sub > the battle of the Song Dynasty to destroy houshu

In the 15th year of Guangzheng (962), Meng Chang made his son, Meng xuanzhe, the king of Qin, the crown prince. Meng Chang was very lucky to be born in the Jin and Han Dynasties. There were many things in the Central Plains, so he was able to live on the dangerous side. The monarchs and ministers enjoyed luxury, and even the drowning utensils were decorated with seven treasures. With the rise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Jingtan had been conquered. Meng Chang was even more afraid. He sent Sun Yu, an official of Dacheng, to write in wax pills from Xiaodao to the northern Han Dynasty, and made an appointment to send troops together to block the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty. Sun Yu was caught by the Northern Song Dynasty officials. Therefore, Zhao Kuangyin, the Taizu of the Song Dynasty, issued an imperial edict to invade houshu, and sent Wang Quanbin and Cui Yanjin out of Fengzhou, Liu Guangyi and Cao Bin out to return to Fengzhou. He also issued an imperial edict to duyouyemennan and linbianshui to build more than 500 houses for Meng Chang, with all kinds of accounts and sundries to wait for the surrender of Meng Chang. Meng Chang sent Wang Zhaoyuan and Zhao Yantao to resist. As soon as the army set out from Chengdu, Meng Chang sent Li Hao and others to a banquet to see them off. Wang Zhaoyuan took a latte and Ruyi to command the army. He was more drunk than Zhuge Liang, and said to Li Hao, "this time I march, where is it just to resist the enemy? I'll lead these twenty or thirty thousand evil children to capture the Central Plains as easily as I can! " Meng Chang also sent his son Meng xuanzhe to lead tens of thousands of elite soldiers to guard the sword gate. Meng xuanzhe took her with him in his car and set out with his musical instruments and dozens of performers. When the people of Shu saw this, they all laughed secretly. Wang Quanbin met Wang Zhaoyuan in Sanquan and defeated him. Wang Zhaoyuan burned the floating bridge on the jibe River and retreated to Jianmen. The army leader Xiangtao listened to the prisoners of the Shu army and said, "the Laisu road will join the main road from qingqiangdian in the south of Jianmen." Shi Yande, a partisan General of Wang Quanbin's faction, came to suxiaolu and attacked Jianmen in the north. Wang Zhaoyuan and Zhao Yantao were defeated and captured. When Meng xuanzhe heard the news of Wang Zhaoyuan's defeat, he fled back to Chengdu. Liu Guangyi attacked Kuizhou, defeated Gaoyan and his wife, and refused to defend the closed tooth city. Judge Luo Ji advised him to withdraw. Gaoyan and his wife said, "I couldn't defend Qinchuan before, but now I retreat. Although the monarch didn't kill me, how can I see the people of Shu?" He also advised him to surrender, but Gao Yan and his wife refused, so they set themselves on fire. Most of the generals were captured. Meng Chang asked Ji Yu about it. Shi Kai, a veteran general, thought that the song army was far away and could not last long. He should gather his troops and wait for the East soldiers to get tired. Meng Chang sighed and said, "the former Emperor and I have been cultivating scholars with warm clothes and delicious food for 40 years. Once we face the enemy, we can't shoot an arrow to the East for me. Although we want to stick to it, who can defend it for me?" He ordered Li Hao to write a form to surrender to the Northern Song Dynasty, and later Shu perished. It was the first month of the third year of Qiande (965). It took 66 days from the song army's expedition to the surrender of Meng Chang. At the beginning, Li Hao was the academician of Wang Yan, the former Emperor of Shu. When Wang Yan was defeated, Li Hao wrote a form of surrender for him, and now he writes a form of surrender for Meng Chang. The people of Shu wrote on his door at night that "Shi Xiu surrendered to the Li family". It was said to be a joke at that time. After Meng Chang surrendered to the Northern Song Dynasty, he was escorted from Chengdu to Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Tens of thousands of people in Chengdu risked their lives to see him off. People were crying and escorting men, women and children along the river. Among them, hundreds of people cried bitterly. Meng Chang hid his face and cried bitterly. The people had been transported from Chengdu to Jianwei County for hundreds of kilometers, and the scene was very moving.

He died in seven days

When Meng Chang arrived in Bianjing, he was granted the title of imperial teacher and the order of Zhongshu, and was granted the title of Duke of Qin. Seven days later, on June 11, the third year of Qiande (965), Meng Chang died at the age of 47. As a posthumous title of "Gong Xiao", he was awarded to Shangshu Ling and the king of Chu.

Main achievements

Rectify the administration of officials

Meng Chang was born in the fourth year of Guangzheng (94

Chinese PinYin : Meng Chang