Xie Fangde

Xie Fangde

Xie Fang (f ā ng) de, (March 23, 1226-april 25, 1289) was born in Yiyang County, Xinzhou (now Yiyang County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province), with the name of Junzhi, Dieshan and yizhai. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, he was a famous patriotic poet with heroic and unique poems. As the Minister of six ministries, he was brilliant and had excellent articles. He learned the six classics and led the volunteers to fight against the Yuan Dynasty in Jiangdong. He was captured and died in Beijing. His works are included in Dieshan Ji. He despised the powerful, hated the evil, loved the country and the people, and wrote a magnificent patriotic poem with his life and action.

Xie Fangde (1226-1289) was born in Yiyang (now Jiangxi Province), Xinzhou, Southern Song Dynasty. In the fourth year of Baoyou's reign (1256), he and Wen Tianxiang jointly promoted Jinshi. Except for Fuzhou Si Hu who joined the army, he abandoned it. When Wu qianxuan strove the East and west of the river, he gathered more than ten thousand people to defend Xinzhou. Five years for Jiankang examiners, questions to Jia Sidao political affairs as a question, secretly ridicule current affairs, disobey the road. He was relegated to the Xingguo army. Xianchun three years (1267) amnesty. Later, he took Jiangdong as an example and Jiangxi as an envoy to zhixinzhou. He resisted the siege of Yuan general LV Shikui. After the fall of Xinzhou, he entered Tang Shishan of Jianning, changed his name, and sold his fortune in Jianyang City. The Song Dynasty died and lived in central Fujian. He was recommended by Cheng Wenhai in the 23rd year of Zhiyuan Dynasty (1286). When Wei Tianyou was strong, he went to Dadu and died without food. There is a poem "Chongzhen yuan Jue Li" to show its ambition. The disciple's private posthumous title is Wenjie. There is Dieshan Ji.

Life of the characters

Smart since childhood

Xie Fang had to be brought up by his mother, GUI family. He had a brilliant insight since he was a child. Every time he read a book, he would read the five elements together and never forget them. "Biographies of the history of the Song Dynasty" describes Xie Fangde like this: "he is forthright and straightforward, has five elements in every book, and never forgets all his life. He has a good nature and is frank. When he talks with others about the governance of the country in ancient and modern times, he has to raise his beard to make up for a few points. He has to work hard and be loyal to others.

He likes to be frank. When he discusses with others about the state affairs of ancient and modern times, he must raise his beard and fight against several cases. He seems very excited. Take "loyalty" as one's own duty. Xu Lin called him: "if the frightened crane flies with the clouds, it is impossible to bind him with a cage."

Denounce a sycophant

The Song Dynasty is an era of serious national crisis, especially in the late Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, the feudal ruling group headed by LiZong was corrupt and licentious. In addition, eunuch Dong songchen and power minister Jia Sidao brought disaster to the country and the people. The politics of the Southern Song Dynasty was very dark.

Baoyou four years (1256) and Wen Tianxiang in the same branch Jinshi. When Xie Fang got the countermeasures, he severely attacked the prime minister Dong Huai and eunuch Dong songchen, hoping to be promoted to the first division of Chinese Jinshi, and announced the list of candidates for the second division. He was appointed as the commander of Fuzhou to join the army, and then he left his post.

The next year's re examination instructor, middle school and Economics Department, served as a professor of Jianning Prefecture. Before going up, Wu qianxuan asked him to take charge of official business. Unite the militia to protect Raozhou, Xinzhou and Fuzhou, and use kejiangqianmi as food for the local militia. Xie Fang had to persuade all the members of the two societies under the surnames of Deng and Fu to get more than 10000 militiamen to garrison Xinzhou. When the soldiers retreated, the imperial court verified the various military expenditures, and almost did not exempt Ke Jiang Qian.

In the sixth year of Baoyou (1258), the Mongolian army attacked the Song Dynasty. Xie Fangde was appointed by the imperial court as the garrison department, responsible for recruiting militia, raising military salaries, and defending Rao, Xin and Fu. Xie Fang had to sell off his family property and run around in all directions. After he raised money in many ways, he recruited more than 10000 militia.

In the fifth year of JINGDING (1264), when he was an examiner in Jiankang, the prime minister and secret envoy Jia Sidao offered money to the Mongolian army for peace. In addition, the Mongolian Khan mengge had just died, and civil strife broke out. Kublai Khan agreed to the conditions and led the Mongolian army to withdraw to fight for the throne. As soon as the Mongolian army withdrew, Jia Sidao began to make a calculation, falsely accusing the anti Mongolian generals of embezzling military expenses and forcing them to pay for bankruptcy. Xie Fang was extremely indignant and disappointed with the current situation. He took Jia Sidao's political affairs as the topic and said that "soldiers will arrive, and the country will perish.". He pointed out that Jia Sidao "stole the political power, harmed the loyalty and the good, harmed the country and poisoned the people". For this reason, Cao envoy Lu Jingsi seized the incident and sent this kind of manuscript to Jia Sidao. Jia Sidao said that Xie Fang was not law-abiding in his hometown, and he falsely used Ke Jiang money when he started the army. He also slandered him, chased two officials, and was relegated to Xingguo (now Beiyang new County in Lake). He was not released to his hometown until the third year of Xianchun (1267). After that, he lived in seclusion in Yiyang and didn't become an official, mainly because he hated the oppression of the people by the ruling group, was incompetent and corrupt. During this period, he gave lectures behind closed doors, publicized his patriotism to his disciples, despised the powerful and did not enter the rich and powerful families.

protect our homes and defend our country

In the third year of Xianchun (1267), the imperial court pardoned Xie Fangde and allowed him to return to his hometown to fight against the Yuan Dynasty.

In the first year of Deyou (1275), Yuan general Boyan led yuan soldiers to attack the Song Dynasty. The demoted general LV Wenhuan led yuan soldiers to attack Ezhou, Huangzhou, Qizhou, Anqing and Jiujiang along the Yangtze River. All his relatives, friends and subordinates were lured to surrender and gave up their cities, so they settled in Jiankang. Xie Fangde was friendly with LV Shikui, so he wrote an imperial edict to protect LV Shikui's trust with a group of people. He hoped that he would be assigned to the troops along the Yangtze River to be commander in chief, and that he would be a pacifier to make his trip a success. He was also willing to personally meet LV Wenhuan in Jiangzhou to discuss with him. The imperial court agreed, and ordered him to travel along the Yangtze River as a visiting envoy. Just as LV Wenhuan returned to the north, he returned without seeing him.

Xie Fang served as magistrate of Xinzhou in the capacity of Jiangdong's punishment and Jiangxi's edict. In the first month of the second year, Lu Shikui and Wu wanhu calmed down the east of the Yangtze River respectively, and Xie Fang was able to stop them. He sent forward men to shout, "Xie Tixing is coming." Lu Shikui's army galloped to the front of the army and shot at Xie Fangde with an arrow. The arrow went all the way to the front of the horse. Xie Fangde fled to Anren, where Zhang Xiaozhong, a scholar of Huaihe, met tuanhuping. After the arrow was shot, Zhang Xiaozhong killed more than 100 people with double knives.

Life in exile

At this critical moment of national survival, Xie Fangde stepped forward to organize the Anti Japanese war. Because the supreme ruling group of the Southern Song Dynasty was afraid of war, left Prime Minister Liu mengyan abandoned his post and fled. Meng Jiangyuan, the Minister of the Ministry of war, and many other frontier ministers and front-line generals also joined the enemy, resulting in the loss of a large area of territory. In the first month of 1276 ad, the yuan army attacked the Jiangdong area of the Song Dynasty. Xie Fangde personally led his troops to fight a bloody battle with the yuan army, but he failed because he was alone. In March, the yuan army occupied Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and captured song gongzong, Empress Dowager Quan's family and Empress Dowager Xie's family to the upper capital of the Yuan Dynasty. Xie's family once sent an imperial edict ordering the subjects of the Southern Song Dynasty to surrender to the Yuan Dynasty, but Xie Fang refused. In May, Emperor Jingyan of the Southern Song Dynasty ascended the throne, and Xie Fang was appointed as the governor of Jiangdong. Therefore, he once again recruited righteous soldiers to continue the struggle against Yuan Dynasty, but he failed because he was outnumbered. As a result of the yuan army's pursuit, he was forced to flee to Fujian, hiding in the stone mountain of Tang Dynasty in Jianning, and living in Jianyang in the Song Dynasty. In this war, Xie Fangde's wife, Li family, was born in Anren, Raozhou. She would rather die than surrender, and committed suicide with her second daughter and two maidservants. Xie Fangde's two brothers and three nephews were also persecuted and killed by the yuan army. In the end, the Southern Song Dynasty was doomed because of lack of skills.

After Xie Fangde fled to Fujian, he had been in exile for a long time between the poor mountains in Jianyang and lived in extreme poverty. Every day, wearing linen and straw sandals, he faced the East and cried bitterly in memory of his dead country. Xie Fangde was not a shunmin in Yuan Dynasty. He made a living by divining, weaving and selling straw sandals or teaching. He once visited the adherent Xiong he in Wuyishan. During his exile, Xie Fangde wrote a large number of poems and essays, reflecting the sufferings of the people, denouncing the darkness of the Southern Song Dynasty and the ministers' betrayal of their country for glory, expressing their strong desire to return to their homeland, and making great artistic achievements.

Dieshan spirit

Xie Fang had to have a collection of Dieshan, with a poem in it.

Xie Fangde was demoted and lived in Dieshan of Xingguo army. There were three hundred poems in the south of the Yangtze River. It is located in the south of Jiangxi Province, and the city is close to the North Bank of Fuchuan, a tributary of the Yangtze River. Huangzhou is on the North Bank of the Yangtze River, not far from the Xingguo army. As early as the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Su Shi was demoted to live in Huangzhou because of the Wutai poetry case. He lived a very hard and indifferent life, and his situation was very similar to Xie Fang's. At that time, Su Shi used to reclaim and cultivate dozens of mu of wasteland on the east slope of Huangzhou City. He built a house here on a snowy day, and wrote a plaque of "Dongpo snow hall" himself, and from then on he called himself "Dongpo Jushi". Xie Fangde respected Su Shi very much. Su Shi wrote a poem in Xingguo Army: "from Xingguo to Yunsu, a wild man's cottage 25 Li south of Shiyi.".

There are three hundred folds of green hills on the stream. There are people who build bamboo on the mountain. I know I'm thirsty in the clear spring. The bamboo stick with sandals is light and soft, and the pine bed is fragrant and smooth. Deep in the night, the wind covered the atrium, only to see the solitary fireflies open and close.

Xie Fangde highly praised the style and artistic conception of this poem. In such a difficult environment, Su Shi still had this kind of free and easy demeanor. Therefore, Xie Fangde took the first sentence "three hundred folds of green hills on the stream" and imitated Su Shi. He also wrote a plaque with the word "Dieshan" for his study hall. From then on, he called himself "Dieshan", and people respected him as "Mr. Dieshan".

Hunger strike

After the unification of China in the Yuan Dynasty, he began to attract the Han scholar officials. Because of Xie Fang's literary name and prestige, the Yuan Dynasty sent people to induce him to surrender five times, but they were all rejected by him with severe words, and he wrote the letter of appointment: "no one will die, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than Hongmao. If I am forced to surrender to the Yuan Dynasty, I will die generously and never lose my will."

In the winter of 1288, the 25th year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, Wei Tianyou, the provincial governor of Fujian, forced Xie Fang to go north to Dadu. At this time, although Xie Fangde described as thin, he was still energetic and gave a generous poem to his relatives and friends. As soon as he arrived in Dadu, he asked the Empress Dowager where Xie Daoqing's tomb and song gongzong were

Chinese PinYin : Xie Fang De