Qian Weicheng

Qian Weicheng

Qian Weicheng (1720-1772) was an official and painter of the Qing Dynasty. It was originally named xinlai, named zongpan, named Youan, named Zhian and Chashan, and later named Jiaxuan. It was born in Wujin, Jiangsu Province. In the 10th year of Qianlong reign, he was the number one official and the Minister of the Ministry of punishment. Su Shi, a calligrapher, first studied freehand brushwork, flower and fruit painting from Chen, and later studied landscape painting. Under the guidance of Dong Bangda, he became a famous hand and worshipped the inner court as the leader of the painting garden. He once hunted in Mulan paddock with Emperor Qianlong, and ordered Weicheng to draw and carve stone records. He is the author of tea mountain collection.

brief account of the author's life

Qian Weicheng has been intelligent and savvy since he was a child. He reads more than a thousand words a day. At the age of ten, he was able to write poems. At the age of nineteen in 1738, he took the Shuntian examination. At the age of twenty-six in 1745, he became the first scholar in the Imperial Academy. Qian Weicheng's Manchu language was ranked third in Sanguan. Qian Long was a little unhappy and said, "isn't (Qian) Weicheng's Manchu language not enough to study?" Fu Heng defended him. Qianlong ordered him to try Chinese again. Qianlong also said that his poems were flawed and his prose was smooth, and he still kept the post of "Compiling". Later, he successively served as youzhongyun, entered Zhinan study, served as an official in charge of daily life, served as a bachelor, served as a bachelor, served as a bachelor, served as a cabinet bachelor, served as a minister in the Ministry of rites, engineering and punishment. In the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), he served as the Deputy examiner of the examination and the teacher. In the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757), he was granted the title of minister of industry and the official examiner of Chongwu examination. Qianlong 23 years (1758), Qian Weicheng was ordered to manage the capital five city flat property matters. He said: please consider the freight according to the location of the factory. Emperor Qianlong issued an imperial edict and executed it as soon as he asked. Qianlong 24 years (1759), as Jiangxi provincial examination examiner. In the 26th year of Qianlong (1761), he was transferred to the left Minister of the Ministry of punishment. Soon after, he was granted the title of Zhejiang Xuezheng. In the 27th year of Qianlong reign (1762), when he was the Minister of the Ministry of criminal justice, Qian Weicheng asked him to state two things about the law with loopholes: one is that whoever kills a criminal will be forgiven for the crime of homicide, that is to say, killing a criminal is not a crime. However, after the case, the body was moved and exiled. This is a small end. The second is to kill the traitor who refuses to arrest by fighting, but not by crime. According to this law, the adulterer will refuse to be arrested. These two items can be discussed and implemented in the lower part, and have been made up and corrected after correction. In the 34th year of Qianlong reign (1769), Qian Weicheng asked him to seal and print the ink scroll for the purpose of obtaining the cabinet letter, so as to prevent the province and seat number from being known by the ink scroll, which would lead to fraud. After that, Qian Weicheng was appointed to Guizhou Province to investigate the embezzlement of state treasury gold coins by Liu Biao, the magistrate of Weiling Prefecture, and the extortion of bribes by Fang Shijun, the former governor. He paid a private visit, broke the network of relations, and finally brought the case to light. Report it to the court so that criminals can be convicted in accordance with the law. Qianlong 37 years (1772), Qian Weicheng's father died, he is also a disease, relapse, died at home. The emperor specially granted the title of "Shangshu" and posthumous title of Wenmin, such as sacrificial burial. He was buried in Huainan township. His works include 11 volumes of tea mountain collection, 11 volumes of Tea Mountain Poetry notes, 12 volumes of tea mountain literature notes and 7 volumes of Mingchun grass.

Historical records of the Qing Dynasty

Qian Weicheng was born in Wujin, Jiangnan. In the 10th year of Qianlong reign, one Jinshi was awarded the title of Xiuzhuan. Gong Ling was a new member of the Hanlin Academy. He studied Chinese and Qing. Weicheng studies Qingwen and Sanguan ranks third. Shangbuyi said: "Weicheng is not enough to learn the Qingwen?" Fu Heng explained it. In Chinese, it is said that the poem is flawed, the Fu is smooth, and it is still written. When he was old, he moved right to zhongyun and ordered Nan study to walk. He moved three times and became the Minister of the Ministry of punishment. Please state the law: "if the owner kills the thief and removes the corpse, it's up to him to do so. This law deals with the crime of removing a corpse, but it goes to exile. If the law of homicide can be ignored, this Law shall be applied even if the corpse is removed. In the prison of killing traitors, the traitors refused to be arrested, and the secretary often used the law of fighting to kill them. It is more important to kill those who refuse to arrest than to kill those who refuse to arrest. Please use the law of killing and resisting the arrest of criminals. " The lower part of the Council. In the 34th year, Wu Dashan, the governor of huihuguang, Guizhou Province, was appointed to join the cabinet bachelor Fu chashanru, who lost money according to Liu Biao, the governor of Weining Prefecture. The governor LIANG Qing and the former governor Fang Shijun were all punished. In the 35th year, Miao Xiang in Guzhou wanted to be in chaos. He was ordered to join Wu Dashan and Gong Zhaolin, the governor of Guzhou. The incense should be powerful and cunning. The Miao women forced their roots into wings and fanned the villages to plunder. Wei city is like an ancient state. Cheng Guoxiang, the commander-in-chief of the governor, broke Wuniu and lived in the stockaded villages. Wei city is from Wuniu, such as Jiaju, Xuanyu, Jiejue. Governor soldiers break friends and talk about Daqing. Xiang wants to jump alone. He ordered the troops to withdraw first, sent Chen Xiangyao, captured and annihilated. To make decisions in disorder, to discuss and narrate. In the 36th year, the soldiers of Longling garrison in Yunnan Province went to the army for forty years, and they were invited to be punished. Wei Cheng joined the opposition and said: "Yili garrison was stationed in Hexiao for one month, but today it is too heavy. How can border soldiers know what they have killed? It's better to send weapons to Longling and punish them twice as much. In March, the lotus school is enough to make an example to the public. " From the top. In the 37th year, Ding's father was worried about his death. He is Wen min. Weicheng is a city with profound and profound landscape. Qian Chenqun said that after Weicheng was registered, the painting industry benefited from bangdayun.

artistic characteristics

Qian Weicheng was very fond of painting when he was young. He began to learn from his grandmother Chen Shu about freehand brushwork, folding flowers and fruits, sketching and rendering, shaping according to the type, linking Qi and parataxis, and overall coordination. Later, under the guidance of painter Dong Bangda, he studied landscape painting. The landscape of the painting is winding with flowing springs, mists and water. The composition is neat and the artistic conception is quiet. The mountain stone uses the Cun pen. His paintings are far from the four schools of Yuan Dynasty, namely Huang Gongwang, Ni Zan, Wu Zhen and Wang Meng, and near the four kings of early Qing Dynasty, namely Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Hui and Wang Yuanqi.. "Tongyin on painting" said that his landscape painting "also imitates the brushwork of Lu Tai, with deep hills and deep valleys, beautiful trees and rocks, which is quite wonderful." When Qian Weicheng took part in the imperial examination, few people knew that he was good at painting and calligraphy. Until he was the number one scholar, Qian long shot a tiger in a hunting trip with Qianlong. So Qian Weicheng was ordered to create the painting of "shooting tiger". After the completion of the painting, Qianlong praised it repeatedly and ordered it to be carved on the stone of Mulan paddock. From then on, Qian Weicheng became famous in the painting world. In Qian Weicheng's paintings, the stone shape with edges and corners, the tree trunk with double hook and less Cun, the implicit fine pen of the center and the lines with light ink Gou Cun all have Dong Bangda's brushwork. However, he is better at using the pen meticulously and the colors of green and ochre, which also shows the school style of "four kings" in the early Qing Dynasty. His works often present the atmosphere of palace wealth. There are more than 160 Qian Weicheng's works in Qianlong's collection Shiqu Baoji, which shows the emperor's appreciation of Qian Weicheng's works. The famous one is jiuqiu tujuan. Qian Weicheng is good at calligraphy, neat and meticulous, "zongpan Gongshu, calligraphy Dongpo." He learned from Su Dongpo, one of the four great calligraphers of the Song Dynasty. It's natural to write with verdant color. He can also recite poems, taking Du Shaoling as his ancestor. It is known as "Qian Wenmin, the Minister of literature, the poet of Shaoling, and the scribe of Su Wenzhong." It can be said that poetry, calligraphy and painting are integrated.

Poetry works

[from Cao Jianting]

A small house is like a small hermit, and a closed house is a mountain forest. Section order throw lonely pillow, life left to chant. All the trees in the frost are deep after the rain. Hold this Xiao leisure flavor, should be consistent with the quiet heart.

[Pingyang County after rain]

after the rain, the wind turns weak and the clouds are low. All the way, apricot blossoms and spring birds crow all over the mountain. The sun is setting in the west of the city. If you don't believe in the dust, you should cherish the horse's hooves.

[taohualing]

I'm tired of a thousand dishes, and I've been waiting for a long time. When you see the people of Qianshan from a distance, you can wave and talk together. The peaks rise and fall, and the details are uncountable. In the meantime, the white clouds suddenly burst. there is no steady wind in late autumn, so it is easy to make sunny and rainy. The stone is narrow and slippery, but it is deep and dangerous. the spiral has no diameter, so it is advisable for ants to attach to it. Life is hard and cramped, turning to envy birds. Before the end of the 30 journey, the sun wheel stops at noon.

Watching the waterfall

Dou yungen, the spirit spring, flies from the half of the sky. At the beginning, the stone was in disorder. It's like rain and graupel, and moss. Misty power virtual Pavilion, Feiwei several cases. there are no fixed beads at the bottom of the pool, and the East and West are far away from the shore. Visitors often want to change their clothes when they travel in the cool plain. He was surprised by the sudden interruption of the wind. There was a thunderclap, and qinzhufu evacuated. who sprays ice and snow and sings to meet Yunhan. Taibai is now far away. He looks up and sighs again and again.

Chinese PinYin : Qian Wei Cheng