Yeltsin

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin, Russian, was born on February 1, 1931 in a peasant family in butka village, daritsky District, Sverdlovsk Prefecture, the Soviet Union Socialist Republic of Russia. He was the first Russian after the collapse of the Soviet Union president.

He was admitted to the Architecture Department of Ural Institute of technology in 1951 and graduated in 1955. He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1961. He has served successively as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the first Secretary of the Moscow Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Socialist Republic of the Russian Soviet Union. He left the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in July 1990. He was elected president of the Socialist Republic of the Russian Soviet Union on June 12, 1991.

On December 25, 1991, the Soviet Union disintegrated. After independence, the Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union, the largest Republic of the Soviet Union, changed its name to the Russian Federation. Yeltsin served as the first president of the Russian Federation. When he was in power, he promoted the market economy and democracy, and adopted "shock therapy" to bring the economy of the Russian Federation to the brink of collapse. During his term as president, he visited the people's Republic of China four times. On December 31, 1999, he resigned and elected Putin as his successor. On April 23, 2007, he died of a heart attack in Moscow. He was 76 years old.

Life of the characters

Early life

On February 1, 1931, Yeltsin was born in a peasant family in butka village, dalitsky District, Sverdlovsk state (South Ural) of the Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union. Shortly after Yeltsin was born, when he was baptized in a local Orthodox Church, a priest baptized him in a drunken state, immersed him in water, but forgot to let him go, and almost drowned him. In memory of his son's ordeal of life and death when he was baptized after birth, his father named him Boris.

He finished middle school in his hometown and was admitted to the Department of architecture of Ural Institute of technology in 1951. After graduating from University, as a construction engineering expert, he worked in Sverdlovsk city near his hometown for 30 years. He once worked in Sverdlovsk State Construction Department and southern urban construction trust construction authority.

Curriculum vitae of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1961 and has been engaged in full-time party affairs since 1968. He was elected the supreme representative of the Soviet Union in 1974. In 1975, he began to take charge of the industrial construction in Sverdlovsk.

In 1976, he became the first Secretary of Sverdlovsk State Party committee. Yeltsin stayed as the first Secretary of the State Party Committee for nearly 10 years.

In 1981, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the 26th National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

From 1984 to 1985, he served as a member of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

In April 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party, transferred Yeltsin to the Central Committee as Minister of construction. In July, he was appointed secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party. In December, he served as the first Secretary of Moscow municipal Party committee of the Soviet Communist Party.

In 1986, he fiercely criticized bureaucracy and privileges at the 27th National Congress of the Soviet Communist Party. He was recognized and elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party. At the same time, he was re elected as a member of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet.

In October 1987, at the plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he publicly criticized ligachev and accused Gorbachev of ineffective reform, so Gorbachev dismissed him as the first Secretary of the Moscow municipal Party committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

In February and May 1988, he was dismissed as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and a member of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet.

In March 1989, he was elected as the people's representative in the first election of the people's representative of the Soviet Union. In May of the same year, he entered the Supreme Soviet national assembly and became the Supreme Soviet representative.

In May 1990, he served as president of the Supreme Soviet of the Socialist Republic of the Russian Soviet Union. In July, at the 28th National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, a series of ideas put forward by the "Democratic platform faction" represented by Yeltsin aimed at transforming the Soviet society at that time were not accepted by the general assembly. He announced his withdrawal from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the end of the General Assembly on July 12.

suppress the revolt

On June 12, 1991, Yeltsin was elected as the first president of the Socialist Republic of the Russian Soviet Union by 57.3% of the votes. He took office on July 10, 1991. In his policy address, he declared that "drastic reform is the essence of the president's policy".

On August 19, 1991, a coup aimed at overthrowing Gorbachev and retaining the Soviet Union took place in Moscow. Yeltsin's several choices played a key role, making the "Ural Mountain Eagle" finally take charge of the Kremlin. A few hours before the "August 19" coup, the guards wanted to escort Yeltsin and his family to hide, but Yeltsin insisted on rushing to the White House, the parliament building surrounded by the army. At noon on August 19, he jumped on a tank in front of the parliament building, accused the coup was illegal, called on the army to fight back and strike, and asked supporters to go to defend the White House.

On August 22, 1991, the day Gorbachev returned to Moscow, Yeltsin's supporters arrested all the leaders of the coup.

Disintegration of the Soviet Union

On August 24, 1991, Gorbachev announced his resignation as general secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party, and automatically dissolved the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party, thus clearing the "biggest obstacle" for Yeltsin to enter the Kremlin.

In October 1991, he presided over the formulation of a series of radical economic reform programs, including price liberalization, private ownership and making the ruble a freely convertible currency.

From November 1991 to June 1992, Yeltsin concurrently served as Prime Minister of the Russian Federation government.

On December 7, 1991, Yeltsin went to Belarus and signed an agreement with the leaders of Ukraine and Belarus on belove day, declaring that the Soviet Union would cease to exist and that the Commonwealth of Independent States would be established to replace it. When he learned of the contents of the resolution, he was very angry, but Gorbachev had no way back and had to negotiate with Yeltsin to reach a retirement agreement.

At about 7:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on December 25, 1991, Gorbachev announced on TV that he would resign as president of the Soviet Union. Then he handed over the "nuclear box", the symbol of the supreme commander, to Yeltsin, and then moved out of the Kremlin. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Socialist Republic of the Russian Soviet Union decided to change the official name of the country to "Russian Federation" (Russia for short), and Yeltsin was the first president of the Russian Federation.

Presidential years

On March 16, 1992, Yeltsin ordered the establishment of the Russian Ministry of defense and held the post of acting Minister of defense until May of the same year. In June, Yeltsin signed a strategic arms reduction treaty with then US President George H.W. Bush.

In January 1993, Yeltsin held a summit meeting with then US President George W. Bush in Moscow, and signed the start II treaty, promising to reduce the nuclear arsenals of the United States and Russia by two thirds. In March, after the parliament deprived many presidential powers, Yeltsin announced on the 20th that he would implement special governance before the referendum on April 25. On September 21, Yeltsin signed the order on constitutional reform of the Russian Federation, and then announced the dissolution of Parliament. On October 4, the conflict between Yeltsin and the parliament reached its climax. Military tanks were used to attack the parliament. Dozens of people died in the conflict. Yeltsin announced the dissolution of the parliament. On December 12, a new constitution in favor of Yeltsin was passed, Parliament was re elected, and Russia established a strong presidential system.

In December 1994, Yeltsin ordered the Russian army to pacify the Chechen rebellion by force.

On June 16, 1996, he won 34.82% of the votes in the first round of the presidential election, won the second round of the vote on July 4, and was re elected president of Russia. On August 9, Yeltsin was sworn in and began his second term as president. In September, the Chechen War ended with Russia withdrawing all its troops from Chechnya.

On March 28, 1997, he was elected president of the Council of heads of state of CIS for the fourth time.

From 1998 to 1999, Russia encountered a series of difficulties in the political and economic fields. Yeltsin dismissed all members of the cabinet four times.

On December 31, 1999, Yeltsin delivered a congratulatory message for the new year 2000 through live television: "today, the last day of this century, I will resign and leave." The resignation will take effect immediately. A few minutes after his resignation speech, Yeltsin handed over the presidential administration to Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, then 47, including the "nuclear key" to control Russia's strategic nuclear power. Russia has opened the "Putin Era".

He died in his old age

On April 23, 2007, the medical center of the Russian presidential office affairs administration said that Yeltsin died suddenly at the central clinical hospital at 15:45 Moscow time (20:45 Beijing time on the same day) due to heart disease. He was 76 years old.

Thanks to Yeltsin's dedication to Russia, his funeral took the form of a state funeral on April 25, 2007, and was designated as a national day of mourning. On the morning of that day, after the ceremony was held in the orthodox Savior's Cathedral, they went to the new saint's cemetery three miles away from Moscow for burial.

Chinese PinYin : Ye Li Qin