Hu Bingwen

Hu Bingwen

Hu Bingwen (1250-1333), with the word Zhonghu and the name Yunfeng, was an educator and writer in Yuan Dynasty. Wuyuan is a native of Sichuan. He devoted all his life to the study and development of Zhu Zi's Neo Confucianism, and also had great attainments in the study of Yi ology. The Mingjing Academy was established in my hometown. His representative works include Yunfeng collection, four books, general explanation of the original meaning of Zhouyi and pure mengqiu written for children.

Kaochuan Bookstore

Kaochuan in Wuyuan, now known as kaoshui, is the birthplace of the Hu family in the Ming Dynasty. in the Song Dynasty, a hero once traveled by kaochuan. After returning home, he said to the villagers, "kaochuan is a prosperous and prosperous place, but what impresses me and envies me is the rare sound of books in other places." Kaochuan bookstore has created many outstanding scholars. Among them, Hu Bingwen, one of the Yuan Dynasty's educators and writers, is the most famous professor who has completed his life-long education.

Yixue family

Hu Shikui, the grandfather of Hu Bingwen, studied under Zhu Xi and was proficient in the five classics. He was especially accomplished in the book of changes and wrote monographs such as the compilation of the history of the book of changes. His father, Hu DouYuan, was a 14-year-old student of the book of changes. In the future, I will play Yiyao, in the seventh day, I will play Yigua. He once went out to travel and spread the book of changes, and many students from all over the world came to him for advice. After returning to his hometown, many scholars who admired him came all the way to visit his teachers. He worked tirelessly in the countryside for 50 years. When he died at the age of 72, all the bachelor doctors in the prefecture and county were grieved. His disciple Yu Hong and other more than 100 people recalled Mr. Xiaoshan's virtue and honored him as "Mr. Xiaoshan" with his private posthumous title of "ancient hermit gentleman". Hu Bingwen inherited his family tradition, studied the book of changes, and devoted several years of efforts to make a comprehensive study of the book of changes, and completed his monograph general interpretation of the original meaning of the book of changes, in order to correct errors and clarify the original meaning of sages. Hu Shikui, Hu DouYuan and Hu Bingwen have become famous scholars of the book of changes for three generations. They are well-known among scholars in Southeast China. Among his grandparents and grandchildren, Hu Bingwen is more famous.

Developing education in the countryside

Hu Bingwen was studious when he was young. When he was 12 years old, he used to study late into the night. His parents worried that he might be damaged by reading and urged him to rest many times, so he covered the light of the window with his clothes and hid in the room to read silently all night. He devoted himself to the study of Zhu Zi's Neo Confucianism, and was proficient in all schools of thought, yin and Yang divination, and astrology. Because of his profound knowledge, he was once employed to give lectures in Wuyuan County. He was also appointed as the educator of Jiangning (now Nanjing), Xuelu of Xinzhou Road (now Shangrao in Jiangxi Province) and the head of "Daoyi academy". He was respected as a famous Confucian in the academic circles. Hu Bingwen was deeply worried when he saw that some scholars at that time only knew how to write Jin poems and recite poems of the late Tang Dynasty, but they did not understand Confucian classics. He believed that Zhuzi's hometown and mingjinggong's hometown should carry forward Neo Confucianism and vigorously develop education. So in 1310, he invested in the construction of 200 houses in kaochuan. His nephew, Hu Dian, who was once the head of Longquan County, donated 300 mu of land and his nephew Hu Cheng donated 50 mu of land to jointly establish the Mingjing Academy. Mingjing academy has a large scale, and its main buildings are Dacheng hall, lecture hall, study, school hall, etc. it is not only for Hu's children to study, but also to satisfy the desire of nearby students to study. All the land property of the Academy was used to set up the volunteer school, "lose their income, in order to support the teachers and students". According to the regulations of Mingjing academy, the children of the family, rich or poor, and the scholars, far or near, can study in Mingjing Academy. The college also provides meals and dormitories. After the completion of the Academy, an endless stream of students came to study. Wu Cheng, a scholar of Confucian classics in the Yuan Dynasty and Secretary of Guozijian, praised the Mingjing academy, saying: "the study of true Confucianism and Mingjing can be found in Zhuzi's hometown, but it is not so great!" Huang Weizhong, then governor of Wuyuan, inspected the newly built academy and played the imperial court. Please give the plaque "Mingjing Quanzhu" to the Academy. Hu Bingwen, now in his 60s, resigned as the head of "Daoyi academy" on Xinzhou road and returned to his hometown to take charge of "Mingjing academy". Mingjing Academy was named in the name of Hu Changyi, Yuanzu and Jinshi of Mingjing. In order to make Mingjing academy truly "follow the name of Mingjing and be responsible for the reality of Mingjing" and cultivate more useful talents, Hu Bingwen gave advice and Hu Dian worked hard day and night. Hu Bingwen said: "scholars come from all over the world. If they are not strictly managed and carefully taught, they may fail to live up to the instructions of the sages and teachers and the expectations of scholars.". He also hired teachers from all over the world to teach in the Academy. Hu Bingwen personally compiled teaching materials and gave lectures in class. "Pure mengqiu" is an enlightening teaching material he specially compiled for children just entering school. The book is composed of four words and one sentence rhymes based on the notes of Confucian classics and the deeds of historical figures on how to read, deal with life and behave themselves, which is convenient for children to memorize. Sima Guang, the Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty, is hardworking and studious. In order to reduce his sleep and increase his reading time, he uses a log as a pillow. When he falls asleep, he turns over and rolls the pillow. When he gets up, he immediately gets up and studies again. Chun Ren, the son of Fan Zhongyan, a famous writer of the Song Dynasty, even puts out a candle at night Moved to the mosquito net to read, over time, the top of the net was smoked as black as ink. Later, when he became prime minister, his wife took out mosquito nets to educate children. There are also allusions such as "Kong Rong takes pear" and "Wen Gong hits jar", which are still good materials for children's education. There are 120 sentences in each volume of "pure mengqiu", with a total of 360 sentences. The length is small, but the content is rich, which is of great significance to children's education. "Sikuquanshu" said: "this book follows satire and intonation. It is full of inspiration, which is similar to Zhu Zi's primary school waipian." He gave a very high evaluation. After the completion of the Academy, Hu Dian died of overwork, which made the burden on Hu Bingwen even heavier. But he is committed to education and is very ambitious. His purpose of running a school is very clear, one is to inherit Zhu Zi's Neo Confucianism. "Wengong said:" he is familiar with his hometown The second is to advocate self-cultivation, "first to teach people to learn Confucian classics, and then to be a scholar." Adhere to the academic "to sage's words, the body and practice, not for the oral and written habits, will always be the same." He himself took the lead in setting an example, teaching by example and never talking about wealth. At that time, he was invited to leave Mingjing Academy with high salary, but he was not moved. The imperial court promoted him to be an official in Lanxi Prefecture, Zhejiang Province, and he refused to go. He was diligent all his life. He continued to give lectures and corrected the examination papers in his own time. When an exam was announced, it was found that Hu Bingwen, who was nearly 70 years old, had drawn up a paper full of fine words from the beginning to the end. There was not a single word error, and there was not a single mistake. He said with sincere admiration, "if there are such good examiners in the local examination, are there any talents?" In every rural examination, the top four students are almost all from Mingjing Academy. In more than ten years, the academy has trained more than 1000 scholars and is well-known.

To be devoted to Zhu Xue

Hu Bingwen's academic research is based on Zhu Zi. His works include Shi Ji Jie, Shu Ji Jie, Chun Qiu Ji Jie, Za Li Zhuan Shu, Da Xue Zhi Zhang Tu, Wu Jing Hui Yi, Er Ya Yun Yu, enlightening Wu Zan Shi, Si Shu Bian Yi, etc. There are 28 volumes of Si Shu Tong, 10 volumes of Yun Feng Ji and 12 volumes of general interpretation of the original meaning of the book of changes. Hu Bingwen has devoted himself to the study of the book of changes for many years. He thinks that the explanations of Confucius' Hexagrams are quite confusing. Some scholars have corrected their mistakes but failed to conform to the ancient prose. Some scholars only repeat Confucius' old theories. So he decided to make a comprehensive examination of the book of changes. After years of hard work, he finally completed a monograph named "general interpretation of the original meaning of Zhouyi". "Tongshi" is based on Zhu Zi's notes on the book of changes, referring to the notes of famous scholars of the book of changes. The summary of Siku Quanshu says that Hu Bingwen's Tongshi of the original meaning of Zhouyi "the feathered contribution is indispensable". Hu Bingwen's research on Zhu Xi's Si Shu Ji Zhu is also fruitful. Since Zhu Xi compiled and annotated the great learning, the doctrine of the mean, the Analects of Confucius and Mencius, the annotation of four books has become the basic teaching material of Confucianism. Hu Bingwen, who has been engaged in the study of Zhu Zi's Neo Confucianism for 50 years, believes that the four books is the original study to clarify all things in the world, aiming at promoting the beauty of ethics and morality. However, many commentaries and commentaries have their own views, either messy or wrong, which makes scholars feel at a loss. Therefore, he compiled the introduction of Zhu Zi's thought in Zhao shunsun's four books compilation and Wu Zhenzi's four books integration. At the same time, he learned the words of various Confucians, collected the similarities and distinguished the differences, and compiled the collection. All explanations that do not conform to Zhu Zi's theory will be deleted; those that do not contradict Zhu Zi's theory will be attached later; Zhu Zi's previous annotations on the four books are not included, for fear that they might have been supplemented. In the third year of TAIDING (1326), Si Shu Tong was printed into a book, which was prefaced by Deng Wenyuan and prefaced by Hu Bingwen. Sikuquanshu collected all 24 volumes of the book in parallel, saying that "although it insists on the portal, it's partial to the main family, but it's well intentioned and careful in textual research. It's difficult to textual research the words of 54 schools quoted in the chapters and sentences, but the book still contains its names one by one, which is quite enough to revise." The book of four books provides detailed and valuable information for posterity to study Zhu's Neo Confucianism and absorb the essence of Chinese traditional culture. Hu Bingwen was diligent in writing all his life, and he continued to read and write in his later years. In a letter to Wang zongchen, a scholar in Dafan, he said: "Bingwen will be 80 years old. Poetry and books have never been released in an instant. His head is like snow, and his eyes are like the moon." He wrote a lot of articles in his life, including ancient and modern Fu, Shu, Lun, Ji, preface, postscript, Zi Shuo, Bei, Zhuan, epitaph, Shangliang Wen

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