Ye Changchi

Ye Changchi

Ye Changchi (1849-1917), whose name is Lan Chang, also called Ju Chang and Ju Chang, was the owner of Yuan Du Lu. He was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and later in Changzhou, Jiangsu (now Suzhou). In the late Qing Dynasty, the scholars of epigraphy, philology and collector.

Guangxu Jinshi served as a scholar in the Imperial Academy, assistant editor, editor in chief of the National History Museum. He participated in the compilation of Qing history. Later, he joined the Imperial Academy and compiled the military illustrated books. He moved to the Imperial Academy to take charge of his profession, and served as a minister. He promoted Gansu's learning and administration, and led back his illness.

His works include Yu Shi, Ji Shi of book collection, diary of Yuan Du Lu, etc.

Life of the characters

Ye Changchi studied in Zhengyi academy opened by Feng Guifen in his early years, and once assisted in the compilation of Suzhou Fu Zhi. In 1889, he took the exam and was granted the editing of the Imperial Academy. He came to Beijing to work in the National History Museum and the conference hall.

From 1902 to 1906, he served as the academic administrator of Gansu Province. In 1906, because of the abolition of the imperial examination, he was removed from office. Ye Changchi is knowledgeable and has written many books, such as Yu Shi, Yuan Du Lu's diary, book collection chronicle poem and Pang Xi Zhai's book collection.

In 1908, he abolished the academic administration of all provinces. He did not want to be an official any more, so he retired to his hometown and died by reading, writing and collecting books. In his later years, he took Zhuangzi's meaning of "no near name for doing good, and Yuanli thought it was a classic" and called himself "master of Yuanli Lu". He is good at collating, and he has reviewed and revised the bibliography of Tieqin tongjianlou by Qu, tiehuaguan series by Jiang and gongshuntang series by pan. Since 1884, it took seven years to write seven volumes of the book collection chronicle poem. After seven years of revision, it was published in Changsha by Jiang Biao in 1897. It collects the historical facts of the book collectors of different generations and places, and adds a quatrains to each of them to express their characteristics or to write about their favorite collections. All over the collection of official history, local chronicles, notes, official and private books, ancient and modern anthologies, unofficial history, all search for excerpts. After seeing the manuscript, pan Zuyin clapped his hands and marveled. From the Five Dynasties to the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 400 bibliophiles and 290 additional bibliophiles. The book is known as the "epic of Chinese book collection", and it is also the anecdote of the book circle. It can also test the profound cultural tradition of our country, and has a very high reference value for the study of library history, Chinese book collection history and cultural history. After this book, there are Yang Licheng's a survey of Chinese book collectors, Wu Han's a history of Jiangsu and Zhejiang book collectors, Lun Ming's a chronicle of book collections since 1911, Mo Boji's a supplement to the chronicle of book collections, Wu Zeyu's a continuation of the chronicle of book collections, and Xu Xinfu's a chronicle of book collections in Guangdong, etc. all of these books are taken as examples to create a special study of book collectors The first of its kind. It has a rich collection of more than 30000 volumes. There are many books in the collection, such as "Qigu house", "Zhilu house", "Yuanlu house", "wubaijingchuang house", "Xinjiu house" and "Mingzhe Jinglun house". It has compiled the bibliography of zhizhushi and the catalogue of the collection of 500 Jingchuang, with more than 1000 kinds of fine books. He copied nearly 100 kinds of books by hand. In order to copy the annals of Shanghai county, he once "prospered in the morning and stopped in the night, and took off his wrist a few times.". He is proficient in epigraphy and has a considerable collection of gold and stone. He has traveled to Pingliang, Zhangye, Dunhuang, Yingzhou, Xining, Qinzhou, Jiuquan, Qingyang, Jingzhou, Ningxia and more than ten other prefectures and counties on foot. All the ancient steles and inscriptions he saw along the way have been personally explored. He has also collected 31 pages of scriptures in Dunhuang and more than 10 stone tablets in Mogao Grottoes. Therefore, his collection of Steles and classics is of high cultural relics and literature value.

Related events

Ye Changchi was appointed as Xuezheng of Gansu Province in February 1902 and took office in Lanzhou in June. His main duty is to test students and assess instructors. So in the past four years, he toured all prefectures and counties in Gansu Province, only Dunhuang county was left behind. Ye Changchi had just finished the first draft of Yu Shi before he came to Gansu, so as soon as he arrived in Lanzhou, he began to collect materials about he long stone carvings as a supplement. Wang Zonghan, the county magistrate of Dunhuang County, was one of the people he entrusted to look for materials. Ye Changchi probably received Wang Zonghan's report on the Sutra caves in Mogao Grottoes shortly after he took office. Therefore, he would ask Wang Zonghan to ask for some inscriptions on the Sutra caves in Dunhuang for the book "Yu Shi". He successively obtained the extension of "Hongbian Suishi stele in the fifth year of Dazhong (851)," the statue of Shuiyue Guanyin in the sixth year of Qiande of Song Dynasty "(968)," Shuilu Daochang map "and" Da Lu Daochang map " Then he suggested to Gansu FanTai that all these ancient documents and cultural relics should be transported to the provincial capital Lanzhou for preservation. However, Dunhuang was a long way from Lanzhou. Ye Changchi estimated that the transportation cost of these things alone would be 5000 or 6000 taels of silver, so he asked Wang Zonghan to order Taoist Wang to temporarily put the cultural relics and documents back into the cave and seal them up for disposal. Wang Zonghan carried out the order in May 1904.

Yuandulu diary

Ye Changchi has a little account of these circumstances in his diary of yuandulu. On November 12, 1903 (December 30), and August 20, 1904 (September 29), Guangxu recorded that:

Wang Li'an sent rubbings from Dunhuang to Tang and Yuan Dynasties Li An's joint development: Tang Suogong stele, its Yin Yang Gong stele; Li Dabin statue, its Yin Qian Ning's re cultivation of merits and virtues; Jing Dong's Dazhong stele. All six points. In Yuan Dynasty, there are four points for the statue of Mogao Grottoes and two points for the stele of Huangqing temple Another old statue of Buddha. It's a picture of the land and water Daochang There are also four volumes of sutras, all of which are the great Nirvana Sutra Dunhuang is secluded in the western wilderness, deep mountains and ancient temples. After hearing that the Sutra came out of the stone chamber of the thousand Buddha cave, the door was filled with molten iron. It never opened. A few years ago, it started to enter. There was a stone bed in it. According to the Shanggong, it contained hundreds of volumes of Sutra, which is also a thing. At that time, monks and laymen did not know how valuable it was, so they shared it with each other "Dazhong stele" also comes from the cave.

Wang Li'an's two official documents The Song Dynasty also painted a silk version of the statue of water moon Guanyin, under which there is a record of the merits of painting Guanyin Bodhisattva. The running script is written on the right, and the title is "on the fifth day of the sixth year of Qiande, on the 15th day of guiweishuo in May" Thirty one leaves of the Sutra All Sanskrit. The above sutras, such as Li'an, are all from the thousand Buddha cave.

In these two diaries, Wang Li'an is Wang Zonghan. In addition to being fascinated by some Dunhuang Cultural Relics, Wang Zonghan also reported the discovery of the Sutra cave, but it was very inaccurate. He gave ye Changchi the impression that there were only hundreds of papers, and they had been divided up. This shows that Wang Zonghan did not know the truth of the Sutra cave in Mogao Grottoes at that time. Maybe he just listened to Taoist Wang's lies and did not go to the cave to check. In addition, ye Changchi also obtained some Dunhuang Cultural Relics and documents from Wang Guangwen, a Dunhuang scholar. Ye Changchi wrote in his diary of yuandulu on September 5, 1904 (October 13, 1904)

Wang Guangwen Zonghai, the king of Dunhuang, gave his friends of the same genealogy to the land outside the Great Wall. There are two volumes of sutras written in the Tang Dynasty and one picture, both of which are objects in the Mogao Grottoes. The first is volume 101 of dabanruojing, and the second is the remnant of kaiyijing. According to the painting of Li'an, there is an ancient painting style. There is a betoro tree on the statue. The first line on the right is inscribed with "Bodhisattva of Nanwu dizang", the next line is inscribed with "painting Shi on the day of death", and the second line is inscribed with "five generals". The figure of a man standing with an army is his image. In one line, the title is "monk Daoming". There is a monk statue below. Below it is a statue of a woman picking flowers, with a line of words beside it: "so the imperial court is greater than the support of Princess li of Jinyu kingdom. Most of the inscriptions in the early Yuan Dynasty were called "Da Chao", but they were not surnamed Li. This is still the thing ear of Tang Dynasty. The princess should be a patriarchal woman. He Chaoli came down. It may be obtained from the biography of foreigners in the new and old books of Tang Dynasty.

Ye Changchi got the scripture cave from Wang Guangwen

In addition, we can learn more about the real situation of the Sutra caves in the Mogao Grottoes. Previously, ye Changchi asked Wang Zonghan to order Taoist Wang to temporarily put the cultural relics and documents back into the cave and seal them up for disposal. However, this is obviously not in Taoist Wang's mind, so Taoist Wang promised on the surface that he still took some from the caves to sell quietly in exchange for the maintenance cost of the Mogao Grottoes. Just then, in 1906, ye Changchi was removed from his post and returned to his hometown. The next year, Stein, a British archaeological explorer who was already in Xinjiang, came to Dunhuang and got wind of the discovery of the Sutra cave, so he quickly came to find Taoist Wang and took away the first batch of cultural relics with a small amount of silver. Then came foreign explorers such as bosihe, juruichao and odenburg, who quietly "bought" batches of cultural relics and documents.

Four years after returning to his hometown, ye Changchi wrote in the diary of yuandulu on October 16 (December 28, 1909) and December 13 (January 23, 1910) of the first year of Xuantong

In the afternoon, Zhang an Tathagata said that a new stone chamber was opened in Dunhuang. There were many sutras in Tang and Song dynasties. It was a pity that a legal person left with 200 yuan! The common officials know that they love the past, which makes people think of Wang Li'an.

In the afternoon, Zhang an, the Tathagata, presented a copy of the secret record of Mingsha mountain, the Mogao Grottoes of Qianfo Mountain in Dunhuang. There are all kinds of scriptures, inscriptions and exegesis between Tang and Song dynasties. Most of the elites were obtained by the legal person Percy and the British who bought the Paris library. China's local officials turned a blind eye to it. When I went to Jiuquan, I didn't go out of Jiayuguan. It's only a thousand miles away. I've heard about the discovery in his room. I've got two axes of portraits and five volumes of scriptures. But I can't run out of treasures. What's the reason for this! I'm so sorry, but I dare to blame you?!

Ye Changchi after several years

It is very sad to learn that Dunhuang treasures were bought by the French at a low price. But he did not know that these scriptures were all from the same cave

Chinese PinYin : Ye Chang Chi