Dou Wu

Dou Wu

Dou Wu? In the year of 1980-168, the word you Ping. Fufeng Pingling (now Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province) people. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, his relatives, scholars, the son of Dou rongxuansun, the great Sikong, and Dou Feng, the governor of Dingxiang, were called "three kings" together with Liu Shu and Chen fan.

When he was young, he was famous for his virtue of classics and skills, and was famous for guanxi. In the eighth year of Yanxi (165), Dou Miao, the eldest daughter, was made queen, so he moved to Yueqi as a doctor and became the Marquis of Huaili. The next year, the captain of baichengmen school. When Dou Wu was in office, he appointed famous scholars and received rewards from the two palaces. He also donated them to the Imperial College Students and won the support of the scholar officials. Emperor Ling succeeded to the throne and worshipped the great general. Assisting the government, he soon made a plan with Chen fan to eliminate the eunuchs. However, because he did not listen to Chen Fan's suggestion, his plan was leaked. As a result, he was defeated and killed himself. He was killed in the capital Pavilion of Luoyang.

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Life of the characters

Famous in Kansai

Dou Wu, named Youping, is the great grandson of Dou Rong, a famous official in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. His father, Dou Feng, was once the prefect of Dingxiang. When Dou Wu was young, he was well-known for his virtue in learning Confucian classics. He once taught students in dazezhong. He did not talk about current affairs, so he was famous in Kansai.

Because of women

In the eighth year of Yanxi (165), Dou Miao, the eldest daughter of Dou Wu, was selected into the palace as a noble person and took Dou Wu as a doctor. In the winter of the same year, Emperor Huan made Dou Miao queen, and Dou Wu was promoted to the post of captain of Yueqi school. He was granted the title of Marquis Huaili and lived in 5000 households.

Give to the poor

Yanxi nine years (166), baichengmen Xiaowei. During his tenure, he recruited celebrities, was honest and did not accept gifts and bribes, and his wife only had enough food and clothing. At that time, Dou Wu gave all the rewards to the students of the Western Qiang people for years of military use, food failure and starvation. He also gave food and meals to the poor on the road.

Dou Wu's nephew, Dou Shao, is a general of the tiger's heart. Dou Wu often admonishes him severely, but Dou Shao is still unconscious. Dou Wu then writes a letter asking for his dismissal, and blames himself for not being able to teach Dou Shao well, so he should suffer first. From then on, Dou Shao abided by temperance and did not dare to do anything illegal, big or small.

Pardon Li Du

In the first year of Yongkang (167), the eunuch was in power. Li Ying, Du MI and others were arrested and interrogated for party affairs. Dou Wu wrote a letter to avenge the injustice of Li, Du and other party members. He believed that these people were all reliable talents of the country and good assistants of the imperial court. The author thinks that eunuchs should be demoted, punished according to their crimes, deprived of their titles, and appointed loyal and good officials to distinguish the good from the bad. After the performance, Dou Wu claimed that he was ill and returned to the seal ribbon of Chengmen Xiaowei and Huaili Marquis, which was not allowed by Emperor Huan. He also ordered Li Ying and Du Mi to be pardoned, and the party members who were less guilty were released.

At this time, the pursuit of high integrity of people at home and abroad will flaunt each other, for the world's celebrities set a label. Dou Wu, Liu Shu and Chen fan are called "three kings".

Get rid of the eunuch

In the winter of the same year, Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty died. As emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty had no son, Dou Wu and Dou Miao planned to establish Liu Hong, the 12-year-old Marquis of Jiedu Pavilion, as emperor of the Han Dynasty, on the advice of Liu fan, the imperial censor.

In the first year of Jianning (168), Dou Wu was appointed as a general because of his merits and was granted the title of marquis Wenxi. Together with Chen fan, the Taifu, and Hu Guang, the situ, they recorded the book events. His son Dou Ji was the Marquis of Weiyang and served as a servant; his nephew Dou Shao was the Marquis of Yu and moved to be an infantry captain to take charge of one of the five armies of Beiying; Dou Jing, the younger brother of Dou Shao, was the Marquis of Xixiang and served as a servant. It's in the hands of Dou.

Since Dou Wu was assistant to the government, he often wanted to remove the eunuchs, which Chen fan always wanted to do. When they were meeting in the court hall, chen fan quietly said to Dou Wu, "Zhong often served Cao Jie, Wang Fu and so on. When the former Emperor was in power, he manipulated the power of the state and made the world a mess. The common people were in trouble, and the crime was theirs. If we don't kill Cao Jie and others now, it will be difficult to do in the future. " Dou Wu agreed with him very much. Chen Fan was very happy and pushed the seat away with his hand. Therefore, Dou Wu recruited Yin Xun, Liu Yu, and Feng Shu, his cronies, as the orders of Shangshu, and Li Ying, Liu Meng, Du MI, and Zhu Yu, the dethroned celebrities, to gather together with the court to invite Xun Yi, the governor of Yue, to work as Zhonglang, and Chen Shi, the governor of Yingchuan, to work as his subordinates. There is no scholar in the world who is not excited by the wind.

During the solar eclipse in May of the same year, Dou Wu asked empress dowager Dou to kill the eunuch, and first killed Guan Ba and Su Kang, and then killed Cao Jie and others. Empress dowager Dou hesitated and delayed.

Hesitation leads to death

In August, Liu Yu wrote a letter to persuade Dou Wu and Chen fan to start immediately to prevent unexpected changes. Dou Wu immediately began to prepare, dismissed the Huangmen order Wei Biao, replaced it with his own xiaohuangmen mountain ice, and put the cunning Changle minister Zheng SA in the North Temple Prison. Chen Fan proposes to kill Zheng SA immediately. Dou Wu disagrees and orders Shan Bing and others to interrogate him. He confesses to Cao Jie, Wang Fu and other eunuchs, and Dou Wu plans to arrest them.

That night, when Dou Wu was staying in his residence, eunuch Zhu Yu got the news, peeked at his memorial and scolded: "eunuch who indulges illegally can certainly be killed. What are our sins? Why should we all be destroyed together? " Therefore, he cried out: "Chen Fan and Dou wuzou asked the Empress Dowager to abolish the emperor. This is a great treason!" In the evening, he immediately summoned his powerful confidants, Chang Le, from the official Shi Gongpu, Zhang Liang and other 17 people. When Cao Jie heard about it, he panicked, so he took the emperor Lingdi, closed the palace gate, coerced the officials of the minister to write an imperial edict, appointed Wang Fu as the order of Huangmen, and went to Beisi prison to arrest Yin Xun, Shan Bing and others. Shanbing doubts and refuses to accept it, so Wang Fu kills shanbing and Yin Xun and releases Zheng SA. Then she hijacked empress dowager Dou and took away the seal. And make Zheng SA and others to arrest Dou Wu and others. Instead of obeying the imperial edict, Dou Wu rushed into the infantry camp and shot the envoys. He summoned thousands of the northern army to settle down in the capital Pavilion and ordered the Sergeant: "the eunuch of Huangmen rebelled and gave a heavy reward to the Marquis who tried his best to kill."

At that time, Zhang Huan, the general of Zhonglang who was protecting Xiongnu, had just led his army back to the army. He did not know what the situation was. Wang Fu took advantage of it and ordered him and Zhou Jing to lead five battalions to fight against Dou Wu. Late at night, Wang Fu led more than 1000 people, including Huben, Yulin, mangmazu, Duhou and jianzhuogoshi, to join Zhang Huan's troops in zhuqueyemen. The next morning, the two armies met at que Xia. Wang Fu's number of sergeants increased gradually. He called to Dou Wu's army, "Dou Wu, you are all forbidden soldiers. You should defend the palace and the province. Why do you follow the rebels? Those who surrender first are rewarded The soldiers of the camp had always been afraid of eunuchs. At noon, Dou Wu's soldiers almost disappeared. Finally, Dou Wu was besieged, committed suicide, and was led to the capital Pavilion in Luoyang. All his relatives and relatives were killed. The family members were exiled to the remote Sunan Prefecture. Empress Dowager Dou was also under house arrest in Yuntai.

Hu Teng, who used to be a member of general Dou Wu's military mansion, was imprisoned for his funeral. Dou Fu, the grandson of Dou Wu, survived with the help of Hu Teng and Ling Shi Zhang Chang.

In 189, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty sent envoys to mourn for Chen Fan and Dou Wu.

Anecdotes and allusions

The auspiciousness of Dou

At the beginning, when Dou Wu's mother gave birth to Dou Wu, she gave birth to a snake and sent it into the forest. Later, Dou Wu's mother died. Before she was buried in the coffin, a big snake came out of the forest and hit the coffin with its head. It was a long time before it left. At that time, people knew that it was the auspicious omen of Dou.

You Ping's seal

In the early years of emperor Huan, there was a nursery rhyme in the capital saying, "you Ping's seal has its own comments, and you don't avoid the virtuous and the great surnames." Dou Wu, you Ping. After the assistant administration, he made concerted efforts with Chen Fan and only praised the virtuous and virtuous people. The old officials and the rich felt desperate. "

Historical evaluation

Lu Zhi: today's first step is in the Han Dynasty, while Youdan's is in the Zhou Dynasty. He has established the holy master and established a system all over the world. The arguer thinks that the merit of my son is very important. If the world gathers its eyes to see and ears to listen, it means that there will be scenery and wind in the past.

Chen Fan: the general was loyal to defend the country.

Wang Fu: Dou Wu, he Gong, brother, father and son, three Marquis of one school? They also took more people from yeting palace for entertainment and banquets. In ten months, they had a fortune of 100 million yuan. Minister if so, is it for evil?

Zhang Huan: so the great generals Dou Wu and Taifu chen fan, or Zhining state, or Fang Zhi did not return, they won by slander, and killed by volition. They were silent in the sea and filled with indignation.

Cao Cao: Wu and others are upright, but they are framed.

Murong Shuo: Dou Wu and he Jin are good at empty self, and the virtuous return to their heart. Although they are threatened by eunuch, the world is in great pain, and they are still able to perform without arrogance, even if they want to die.

Fan Ye: first, Dou Wu and he Jin, with the help of Uncle yuan, relied on the power of the Empress Dowager and the power of the imperial court, met the heroes and took advantage of the wind. When they died, they were defeated and emasculated. How could they be grieved by the world? Biography says, "the business of heaven has been abandoned for a long time, and you will prosper it." Therefore, song Xianggong was defeated by Hong. ② Wusheng snake Xiang, into the slaughter sheep. Only my younger brother and my daughter came to yizifang. People are smart and resentful when they go up and down. We will rectify the evil to meet people's wishes. If the way is bent, it will leave the evil trap.

Cai Dongfan: first of all, Emperor Huan died and empress Dou faced the court. Chen Fan was virtuous to empress Dou. Then he joined the imperial court. Dou Wu was very respectful to his relatives. He held the handle of the army. They conspired with each other to punish the traitors. It seemed that they could do it. However, they would keep silent and secretly cover up the arrest, which made the women's temple unable to prepare for it. Then they would play the role of Empress Dowager Bai Ear! If I can't figure out this, I'm just talking to the Empress Dowager to urge her to get rid of the traitors. How can I be so resourceful? And in Chen Fan's book, if you have a strong sense of the dangerous words, then the group of evildoers will turn their eyes on you. They know that it is appropriate to punish evildoers quickly and handle things with caution. How can you make it clear? If you don't plan for it, you will find it contradictory, and those who know it know that it can't do it. ② Dou Wu's death is due to playing, while Chen Fan's death is due to foolishness. Those Cao Jie, Wang Fu and others were deeply rooted in the palace. The Empress Dowager and his successor are all under the control of Ruo generation. Even if they have made all the plans, they are afraid to throw the rat into fear. But what has happened and they are still light hearted? martial

Chinese PinYin : Dou Wu