Zhang Hong

Zhang Hong

Zhang Zhen (153-212), Zi Gang, was born in Guangling, Xuzhou (from Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wu counsellor, together with Zhang Zhao, was called "Er Zhang".

He was once a member of general He Jin, Taiwei Zhu He, and Sikong xunshuang, who took refuge in Jiangdong. Before sun CE calmed down Jiangdong, he invited him many times in person, and Zhang became an official. When Sun Quan ascended the throne, he suggested that Sun Quan move his capital to moling. In the 17th year of Jian'an, Sun Quan died of illness at the age of 60.

(general picture source)

Life of the characters

Early experience

When he was young, he traveled to Kyoto and studied the book of changes and Ouyang Shangshu with his doctor Han Zong. Then he went to waihuang to study Han Shi, the book of rites and Zuo's spring and Autumn Annals with Puyang Yi. After returning to his own county, he was recommended as a maocai. At that time, he Jin, Taiwei Zhu and Sikong xunshuang, the generals, refused to answer the call and avoided chaos in Jiangdong.

When sun CE founded his foundation, Zhang Zhen went to seek refuge. Sun Qibiao was the captain of Zhengyi school, and followed sun CE in the expedition against Danyang. Sun CE personally came to the front line of the battle, and Zhang Zhen admonished: "the chief general is the role of planning, and the fate of the three armed forces depends on him. We should not act rashly and fight against the small bandits in person. I hope you can treasure the talent that God has given you, accord with the wishes of the world, and don't let the whole country worry about your safety. "

Painting Jiangdong

When the first plan was in Jiangdu, Zhang Zhen had his mother's funeral. He said: "in the present Han Dynasty, the world is bustling, and the heroes and heroes all support the masses for personal gain. No one can help the people in danger. The first emperor and the yuan family broke Dong Zhuo together. They failed in their work and died as a result of Huang Zu. Although the policy was dark and childish, he had a little ambition to steal. He wanted to ask his predecessor Yu Bing from Yuan Yangzhou. His uncle's family was in Danyang, and he was exiled. He took charge of the wuhui in the East and avenged himself. He became a foreign vassal of the imperial court. What do you think? " He replied, "since the plain is empty and inferior, we can only live in the decaying state. There is no way to praise and prosper." CE said: "your name is high and you will return home far and near. Today's plan is up to you. Why don't you worry about it and give it a chance? If you can show your ambition and get revenge for your blood feud, this is what you expect from your heart. " Because of tears, the color remains unchanged. When he saw CE Zhongzhuang's internal speech and his generous words, he said, "in the past, the state of Zhou was late, and the state of Qi and Jin was prosperous; the royal family had settled down, and the princes were in the position of tribute. Today, the emperor Shao's path to the first Marquis has the name of Xiaowu. If he throws at Danyang and takes over the wuhui, he will be able to win over Jingyang and Yangyang, and his enemies will be able to repay him. According to the Yangtze River, he fought hard to get rid of the filthy people and helped the Han Dynasty. His achievements were similar to those of Huan and Wen. How could he be a vassal? There are so many difficulties in this chaotic world. If we succeed, we should work together to help the south. " CE said: "as soon as you agree with me, you can have a permanent relationship with me. I'll do it now. I'll entrust my mother and my younger brother to you, so I don't have to look back.

A great gentleman

Zhang Yao and Zhang Zhao were combined with the staff, and sun CE often ordered one to live in the garrison and one to fight. Later, Lu Bu attacked Xuzhou secretly and took advantage of the opportunity to serve as a herdsman in Xuzhou. He didn't want Zhang to follow sun CE. Lu Bu called Zhang for maocai by sending documents. Zhang Zhen hated Lv Bu in his heart and thought it was a shame to bend down to be Lv Bu's subordinate. Sun CE also attaches great importance to cherish Zhang, and wants to use him to help himself, not to let Zhang go. He said: "the place where the pearl is produced in the sea is regarded as a treasure. The state of Chu has talents, and the state of Jin can appoint them. Why do you have to search for talents from this state

Love old kindness

He was a little different from Gongqing and Zhijiu shusun. He calmed down the three prefectures and became popular. He was loyal to the royal family. At that time, Cao Gong was Sikong. He wanted to be more gracious and generous. He was praised and praised by excellent scholars. He changed his name to Jiafeng. He set up a high rank to serve the imperial officials. Later, he was the prefect of Jiujiang. Zhang Zhen was deeply in love with sun CE's old kindness. He thought about his life, but he refused to accept his illness.

Smile happily

He is good at both literature and seal script. He is also good at writing with Kong Rong and himself. Rong Yi Shu said, "I used to write a lot of seal script before. Every time I see the words, I smile happily, just like seeing the person again.

The meaning of literature and Science

Sun CE sent Zhang Zhen to serve as a censor in Xuchang. Young Master Kong Rong is close and friendly. When Cao Cao heard of sun CE's death, he planned to take advantage of Jiangdong's funeral to carry out the expedition. Zhang Zhen advised him that it was against the traditional morality to use troops in the funeral. If the attack failed, the two sides would feud and abandon the old alliance. It would be better to take this opportunity to treat Jiangdong well. After listening to the opinions, Cao Cao appointed Sun Quan as the general and the prefect of Kuaiji. Cao Cao wanted Zhang to persuade Sun Quan to surrender, and Zhang was appointed as the eastern Duwei of Kuaiji. Chen Lin is the author of Wu Ku Fu. After reading it, Zhang Zhen wrote a letter praising Chen Lin's literary talent. Chen Lin said that Wang Lang (with the word Jingxing) was a little wizard compared with Zhang Dan and Zhang Zhao.

When Sun Quan was just in charge of affairs, in her prime, Mrs. Wu was deeply worried about the external difficulties. She repeatedly thanks Zhang for their help. Zhang immediately wrote a letter of thanks, thinking only to make up for mistakes. Whenever there is a secret plot, making friends with the four sides, it is often drafted by Zhang Wei and Zhang Zhao. Zhang Xuan, with the help of Sun Jian, defeated Dong Zhuo and supported the Hanshi. He and sun CE pacified Jiangdong and established a great cause. After writing it, he presented it to Sun Quan. Sun Quan read it with sadness and said, "you really understand my family's experience."

Most of the ministers were directly addressed by Sun Quan. Only Zhang Zhao was addressed as Zhang Gong and Zhang Dan as the East. It can be seen that Sun Quan attached great importance to them.

The strategy of CO administration

In the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Sun Quan appointed Zhang Dan as a long history, and went to Hefei with the army. Sun Quan led Qingqi to attack the enemy in person. Zhang Zhen admonished him: "weapons are lethal weapons, and war is dangerous. Nowadays, you rely on your strong momentum and despise the powerful and ferocious enemy. The officers and men of the three armed forces are all cold hearted. Although you kill the enemy general, seize the enemy flag and awe the enemy, it is only the responsibility of the partial general, not the task of the commander in chief. I hope you can restrain the bravery and recklessness of Meng Ben and Xia Yu, and have a big plan for Wang ba. " Sun Quan accepted his suggestion and gave up the action.

After returning to the army, the next year Sun Quan was ready to send troops again. Zhang Zhen also advised: "since ancient times, emperors are the ones who bear the destiny of heaven. Although they are blessed by the emperor's spirit, and their culture and morality are spread, they should rely on their martial arts to show their achievements. However, the most important thing in martial arts is to take it from time to time, and then build prestige. Now that you are suffering from the misfortune of the Han family that has not happened in four hundred years, and have made great contributions to the crisis, you should lay aside your army for a while, extensively cultivate the land, appoint the virtuous and the able, uphold the policy of leniency and benevolence, and comply with the destiny to punish and punish. In this way, the world will be peaceful without any hard work. " So Sun Quan stopped the military action.

Deathbed instruction

Zhang Zhen suggested that he should leave Wujun and move his capital moling, and Sun Quan followed his advice. Sun Quan asked Zhang Zhen to return to Wujun to pick up his family. On the way, Zhang died of illness. Before his death, he instructed his son Zhang Jing to leave a note for Sun Quan, saying: "since ancient times, there have been people from state-owned families who want to cultivate virtue to prosper the prosperous times. As for their governance, most of them have no ideal results. It's not that there are no loyal ministers and good generals to assist, nor that they don't understand the foundation of governing the country, but that the monarch can't overcome his likes and dislikes and is not good at listening to opinions. It is human nature to be afraid of difficulties and tend to be easy, to like the same opinions but hate different opinions, which is just the opposite of the rule of governing the world. It is said in the book of changes that "learning from good is like climbing a mountain, learning from bad is like collapsing a mountain." it means that learning is not easy. The monarch inherits the basic business handed down from generation to generation. Relying on the natural trend, he controls the eight authorities of the ministers. He is willing to do well and listen to the good words, and does not need to ask for anything from others. However, the loyal ministers have the difficult skills of governing the country, and they can not agree with each other. Isn't it natural that they can't agree with each other? Incompatibility will lead to estrangement, and clever people will take advantage of it. The monarch will be blinded by false loyalty and be greedy for the love of villains. As a result, the virtuous and the foolish will be mixed up, and the children will be out of order. The reason for these situations is that human relations disturb the normal ruling order. Therefore, the sage monarch awakens to this point, eagerly seeks talents, takes the trouble to accept loyal admonition, restrains emotions and lusts, and gives up kindness and love for the sake of morality and justice. You should think twice, endure humiliation, and hide your strength, so as to achieve the great cause of benevolence and justice. "

In the 17th year of Jian'an, Zhang died at the age of 60. Sun Quan read his suicide note and sobbed. Zhang Zhen has written more than ten poems, Fu and epitaphs.

Character evaluation

Kong Rong: I used to write a lot of seal script. Every time I see the words, I smile happily, just like seeing the person again.

Chen Lin: my servant is in Hebei Province, separated from the rest of the world. The rate here is less than that of the article. I'm easy to be a male uncle. Therefore, it's not true that my servant was so bad. Today, the scene is flourishing here, and the next step is with Zibu. The so-called little wizard sees the big wizard, and his spirit is exhausted.

Chen Shou: Zhang Zhen is a tool of the world. He is more important than Zhang Zhao.

Sun yuanyan: Zhang Gong and Zhongshu in the eastern part of the country jointly administered the classics and praised the whole Wu. Chen linman calls himself xiongbai. He should be afraid of witches.

Xiao Chang: Yao and Zhao are called two Zhang; Yao rouke is called Zhao Chungang. He died first, virtue never died, and Zhao died later.

Hao Jing: first, sun CE saw him as an orphan and spoke generously. He promised to do something about Huan Wen, but he appointed him as a hostage, which also showed that Kong Ming's actions were also strong. Although he was loyal to Zhang Zhongzheng, he was also loyal to sun zanzhi. Moling, the capital of power, was built as the capital of Jiangzuo, which was passed down to the sixth generation. ② He was also a Great Britain, and embellished Wu industry. The capital was built in Dingding, and the southern period was cut off.

Wang Maohong: the book of Wu says that "in the early days of the reign of the emperor, Mrs. Tai was the assistant, and she often ordered Zhang Zhao and Zhang Zhao to create and write works." the cover is like a strategy, and it is also a part of the past. After the right to send out

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Hong