Liao Zhongkai

Liao Zhongkai

Liao Zhongkai (April 23, 1877 - August 20, 1925), male, Han nationality, formerly known as enxu, also known as Yibai, was named Zhongkai. Yaoqian village, Chenjiang Town, Guishan County, Guangdong Province (now belonging to Xingfu village, Chenjiang street, Zhongkai high tech Zone, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province) is a native of Chengjiang Town, Meixian County, Guangdong Province. He is a democratic revolutionist, a left-wing statesman and a social activist in modern China.

Liao Zhongkai is a leader of the left wing of the Chinese Kuomintang, a democratic revolutionist in modern China, a great patriot of China, a pioneer of the Chinese democratic revolution, a glorious banner of the left wing of the Kuomintang, the head of the Ministry of finance of the government of the Republic of China, a standing member of the Military Commission of the Republic of China, and a close friend of the Communist Party of China.

Born in San Francisco on April 23, 1877, he went to Japan to study in Waseda University. After his father died of illness, he returned home with his mother and was assassinated in 1925.

Liao Zhongkai assisted Sun Yat sen in formulating the three major policies of "uniting Russia, the Communist Party and supporting agriculture and industry". After that, he helped Sun Yat Sen to reorganize the Kuomintang and to promote the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. He was the faithful executor and defender of Sun Yat Sen's three major policies of "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party and supporting agriculture and industry". He sincerely cooperated with the Chinese Communists, supported the revolutionary movement of workers and peasants, and promoted the development of China's national revolution. Liao Zhongkai is good at poetry and calligraphy. His works are compiled as the first volume of Liao Zhongkai's collection and Shuangqing's collection.

(general drawing reference)

Life of the characters

Early experience

Liao Zhongkai was born on April 23, 1877 (the third year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty) into a family of Chinese workers living in the United States in San Francisco.

In 1893 (the 19th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), after his father Liao Zhubin died in San Francisco, Liao Zhongkai went back to Guangzhou with his mother to join his uncle Liao Zhigang, who was the general manager of the Investment Promotion Bureau of the Qing government. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, he devoted himself to Western learning.

In 1896 (the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he studied in Huangren College of Hong Kong.

In 1897 (the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), under the arrangement of his uncle, he married He Xiangning, the ninth daughter of Hong Kong real estate developer he Dai, who was also a leftist of the Kuomintang, in Guangzhou.

A couple's story

In 1897 (the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning married and lived together with his elder brother Liao entao in the Liao mansion of Sanguan temple in Guangzhou. The couple built a small house on the sun terrace on the roof of the second floor as their residence.

In 1898 (the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), after the failure of the reform movement of 1898, many young people went abroad to study, hoping to change China's dangerous situation after returning home. The atmosphere of studying abroad was very popular. After finishing his high school life in Hong Kong, Liao Zhongkai also had the desire to study in Japan.

In order to support her husband to realize his ideal, He Xiangning resolutely sold his dowry's jewelry and all the soft goods and furniture, together with her private savings, to help Liao Zhongkai study in Japan, despite the firm opposition of his mother's family and Liao Zhongkai's sister-in-law.

In January 1903 (the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Liao Zhongkai bid farewell to He Xiangning and went to Japan first. After that, He Xiangning sold all her belongings and arrived in Tokyo in April of the same year to start their study in Japan. In September, Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning met Sun Yat sen in Tokyo, Japan. They were deeply moved by his firm revolutionary belief and expressed to Sun Yat Sen that "they want to participate in the revolutionary work and are willing to make little contribution.". In accordance with Sun Yat Sen's instructions, Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning "formed a group of ambitious students with material knowledge to serve as state affairs" in Japan. After that, the couple followed Sun Yat Sen and embarked on the arduous road of democratic revolution.

In March 1904 (the thirtieth year of Guangxu), Liao Zhongkai was admitted to Waseda University as a preparatory student of economics, and later studied in Central University. And inspired each other with the aspiring youth, sprouted the anti Qing revolutionary thought. They rented an apartment near Waseda University and named it "Juelu".

In 1905 (the 31st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning helped Sun Yat Sen establish the Chinese League and joined it successively. Liao Zhongkai served as the deputy chief accountant, director and vice minister of the Foreign Affairs Department of the Federation headquarters. As the first female member of the Federation, He Xiangning was responsible for the liaison and service work of the revolutionary party. The couple's home in Tokyo has also become a contact point and gathering place for Sun Yat Sen and other revolutionaries.

During his busy academic and revolutionary work, his daughter Liao Mengxing and son Liao Chengzhi were born one after another. During this period, Liao Zhongkai was ordered by Sun Yat Sen many times to sneak back home to Tianjin and other places to carry out secret activities, engaging in liaison with revolutionaries, propaganda of revolutionary principles, and preparation of revolutionary organs.

join the revolutionary ranks

In 1906 (the 32nd year of Guangxu), he translated some early socialist theories and published them in Min Bao, the official newspaper of the United League. He was ordered by Sun Yat Sen to return to China for secret revolutionary activities. He was one of the first Chinese to introduce and explore socialist issues when he published translations of progress and poverty and outline of socialist history in Min Bao under the pseudonyms of Tu Fu and Yuan Shi.

In the spring of 1907 (the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he was transferred to the Department of politics and economics, Central University of Tokyo.

In 1909 (the first year of Xuantong), after graduating from Central University of Japan, he returned to China and was admitted to the imperial examination of law and politics. He worked as a translator in Jilin governor's office. After Wuchang Uprising, he became Vice Minister of finance of Guangdong military government in Guangzhou.

After the revolution of 1911 (the third year of Xuantong), he successively served as the chief counsellor of Guangdong, the Minister of finance of the presidential office and the director of the Department of finance of Guangdong Province.

In May 1912, he served as the financial director of the Guangdong military government. He implemented the land tax for lease law, and sorted out the finance and tax. After the Song Jiaoren case, he went to Beijing to campaign against yuan.

In August 1913, after the failure of the second revolution, Sun Yat Sen and other Japanese people died.

In 1914, he helped Sun Yat Sen organize the Chinese revolutionary party. In 1915, he served as the Vice Minister of finance of the Chinese revolutionary party. He continued to raise military funds for yuan, participated in the law protection movement, and devoted himself to the struggle against yuan.

In September 1917, he served as deputy director of the Ministry of Finance and acting director general of the military government of the Republic of China. Praise and support the student movement after the May 4th movement.

In June 1918, after Sun Yat Sen came to Shanghai, he, together with Zhu Zhixin and Hu Hanmin, founded the Journal of construction in Shanghai, published articles such as "three civil rights" and "translation preface" to publicize and study revolutionary theory. At the same time, I translated the first plan of industrial plan written by Sun Yat sen in English.

In October 1919, he was the financial director of the Chinese Kuomintang. He praised the October Socialist Revolution as "an unprecedented move, a global shock, and the dawn of the future. He studied Russian with Zhu Zhixin and others and was ready to study in Soviet Russia.

In 1919 and 1920, he went to Zhangzhou, Fujian Province for many times under the orders of his grandson to help the construction of the Fujian Guangdong army and solve the financial difficulties, promote the Guangdong army to return to Guangdong and drive out the GUI warlords.

In April 1921, after the end of the war to expel the GUI warlords, Sun Yat Sen set up the Guangdong revolutionary government. Liao Zhongkai was appointed as the second minister of the Ministry of finance. Later, he also served as the director of the Department of finance of Guangdong Province. He tried to help Sun Yat sen to create a new revolutionary situation in Guangdong. Chen Jiongming was also appointed as the chief of the army of the Guangdong revolutionary government, commander in chief of the Guangdong army, governor of Guangdong Province and other important posts, holding the military and political power in Guangdong.

In May 1921, he served as the acting director general of the Ministry of finance of the Republic of China government, supporting Sun Yat Sen to send troops to discuss Guangxi and the northern expedition.

In 1922, in order to overthrow the warlords and unify the whole country, Sun Yat Sen decided to launch a northern expedition. Chen Jiongming, on the other hand, opposed the northern expedition. He not only made it difficult for Liao Zhongkai to raise funds for the northern expedition, but also secretly colluded with the Northern Warlords and prepared to plot a rebellion.

On the eve of Chen Jiongming's public mutiny, Liao Zhongkai was imprisoned in Shijing Arsenal, a suburb of Guangzhou. After He Xiangning's rescue, he immediately went to Hong Kong and transferred to Shanghai by boat, reunited with Sun Yat Sen, and helped Sun Yat Sen formulate the three major policies of "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party and supporting agriculture and industry".

On January 4, 1923, Sun Yat Sen sent a telegram to attack Chen Jiongming and formed the East and West Route Army, which conquered Guangzhou on January 16. Chen Jiongming retired to Hong Kong.

In February of the same year, we held specific consultations with the Soviet union representatives on the terms of the Vietnam joint declaration. In March, he served as the finance minister of the headquarters of the Grand Marshal of the army and navy. He served as governor of Guangdong Province in May. After October, he was appointed by Sun Yat Sen as a member of the reorganization of the Kuomintang and an interim executive member of the Central Committee, and actively participated in leading the work of the reorganization of the Kuomintang.

On January 20, 1924, the first Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang opened in Guangzhou, and Sun Yat Sen appointed it as a member of the presidium. During the meeting, adhering to the principles of Kuomintang communist cooperation and anti imperialism and anti feudalism contributed to the success of the meeting. He was elected secretary general of the headquarters of the Grand Marshal of the Navy and the army, executive member and standing member of the first Central Committee of the Kuomintang, and Minister of the Ministry of workers. He assisted Dr. Sun Yat sen in preparing for the establishment of the army academy, the famous Huangpu Military Academy. He served as the party representative of the academy and worked hard for the establishment of the revolutionary army. He was known as "the loving mother of Huangpu". He served as governor of Guangdong Province in June. In July, he served as a member of the Political Committee of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. He supported the strike of Shamian workers and ordered the county heads to help organize peasant associations. In September, he served as finance minister of the headquarters. He insisted on suppressing the rebellion of Guangzhou business group. On the eve of Sun Yat Sen's northward journey, he served as the party representative and Minister of the Ministry of farmers of all the party and army, all the military academies and military academies. In November, he served as the party representative of the base camp, all the party and army, all the military academies and military academies, and concurrently as the central farmer minister.

On January 25, 1925, the "young servicemen's society" was established in Huangpu Military Academy. Liao Zhongkai was the president of the society, and the first issue of its publication "young servicemen" was published. On March 12 of the same year, after Sun Yat Sen passed away, he still unswervingly carried out the three major policies, including pacifying the rebellion of the Shang clique, the rebellion of Yang and Liu, the Northern Expedition and the eastern expedition

Chinese PinYin : Liao Zhong Kai