Zhao Shixiu

Zhao Shixiu

Zhao Shixiu (1170-1219) was born in Yongjia (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province). His name is Zizhi and Lingxiu. He is also called lingzhi and Tianle. He is also called "Guicai". Poets of the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhao Shixiu is an outstanding poet in the "four spirits of Yongjia". Yao he and Jia Dao are regarded as "two wonders" in poetics. In Er Miao Ji, 121 Yao poems and 81 Jia poems were selected. Most of them are five character poems.

brief account of the author's life

Zhao Shixiu, the eighth grandson of song Taizu. In the first year of emperor Guangzong's reign of Shaoxi (1190), he was a Jinshi. He was also called "Yongjia Siling" together with Xu Zhao (Zi Linghui), Xu Ji (Zi Lingyuan) and Weng Juan (Zi Lingshu), and was also called "Guicai", which created a generation of poetic style of "river and lake poetic school". In the first year of Qing Yuan (1195), Ning Zong served as the governor of Shang Yuan, and later as the official of Yun Zhou (now Gao'an, Jiangxi). His official career is not good, and he says that "he has been an official for three years, and he has nothing to do.". In his later years, he lived in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). He died in Lin'an and was buried in the West Lake.

member of family

The eighth ancestor: Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin; the seventh ancestor: Yan king, Zhao Dezhao; the sixth ancestor: Shu Duke, Zhao Weizhong; the fifth ancestor: Chu Duke, Zhao Congxin; Gao grandfather: Beihai Marquis, Zhao Shishuang; great grandfather: Baoping army Jiedu envoy to Huiwang, Zhao Lingyou; grandfather: Zhengfeng doctor, Zhao Ziyou; father: Zhao Bocheng; elder brother: Zhao Shiyun, Zhao Shizhou, Zhao Shizhao; son: Zhao Xizhai

Work evaluation

Most of them are five character poems. Since Shen Quanqi, there have been 76 anthologies of zhongmiaoji, excluding Du Fu, and 23 poems by Liu Changqing. The purpose of the anthologies is similar to that of ermiaoji, which is a supplement to ermiaoji. He was against Jiangxi poetry school's idea of "writing as poetry". However, in his own writing practice, he often imitates Yao and Jia's poems and poems similar to Yao and Jia's style, or applies their syntax. Such as Yao he's "send Zong Shenyan" that "the post road is connected with water, and the city is half in the cloud." In Zhao's poem Xue's Gualu, there is a saying that "wild water is more than ground, and spring mountain is half cloud." This is an example. He is good at five rhythms. The two couplets in the middle describe scenery and occasionally have aphorisms, such as "the waterfall is close to spring, the wind is wet, the pines are many, and the sun is green" in Tongbai temple. However, there are not many people who are complete. He claimed that "there are only 40 words in one article, and one more word. What's the end of it for me?" (quoted from Liu Kezhuang's preface to Yegu Collection) it can be seen that he is in a state of distress. Qijue's "appointment" wrote: "it rains every family in Huangmei season, and there are frogs everywhere in the grass pond. If you don't come in the middle of the night, you can play chess and light the lanterns It is clear and natural, and has been selected by many anthologies. There are two volumes of Zhao Shixiu collection and one volume of tianletang collection, which have been lost. The collection of qingyuanzhai is one volume, including the collection of the Southern Song Dynasty and Yongjia poets' ancestral hall.

Representative works

[appointment]

】it's rainy in Huangmei season, and there are frogs everywhere in the grass pond. I don't come in the middle of the night when I have an appointment.

[a few days]

】for several days, the autumn wind bullied the sick man, blowing yellow leaves down to the courtyard. The forest is far away from the mountain, and half of it is covered by clouds.

An Xi

】Shuli'an West Road, the east wind blows even more. Rice grows cold and has thin leaves, while pine grows old and flowers later. I had a rest. I had a poem. The new fluorescence is still small, not dark out of the empty pool.

[Yanju monk]

】Open the door on the stone floor, and few people will climb it every day. A bird too cold wood, a few flowers shake green vine. Tea and ice water, incense and Buddha headlights. I'm also a fugitive. Why do I look like this monk.

Yongjia Siling

"Yongjia Siling" is a literary school in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Because their native places are Yongjia (now Wenzhou), Zhejiang Province, and their characters or names all have a word "Ling". Zhao Shixiu's name is Lingxiu, wengzuan's name is Lingshu, Xu Ji's name is Lingyuan, and Xu Zhao's name is Linghui. Their poetic styles and life experiences are similar, so they are called "Yongjia Siling". They are all middle and lower class literati, some of them have been minor officials, some of them have never been official all their lives, and they are full of resentment. Therefore, in poetry, they clearly take Jia Dao and Yao Hezuo, who are closest to their life experiences and interests, as models, and take the five temperament as the main carrier of writing. They painstakingly carve and refine their words to express a kind of desolate and indifferent mood and natural and indifferent elegance Feelings. Zhao Shixiu ranks fourth in the "Yongjia four spirits", but in terms of influence, his position is the most prominent. This is not only because he Shang is the most outstanding in his creation (zaiyueyuan Shihua). More importantly, he summarized the artistic ideas of his colleagues by editing two episodes of Ermiao and Zhongmiao. He openly played the banner of patriarchal clan system in the late Tang Dynasty and called on a large number of poets in the river and lake by "Yao Jia Shifa", which broke the rigid obscurity of "writing for poetry" The astringent Jiangxi poetry school dominated the poetry world at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Liu Kezhuang's "mourning for the master show" says: "it's sad to win the place of Si people. If there is no word in the world, there will be no poem in the world. " Although the language is not without exaggeration, it reflects that in the eyes of most of the poets in the river and lake, Zhao Shixiu is the leader of the poetic world who opened a generation of poetic style.

Appreciative Remarks

The engagement

it's rainy in Huangmei season, and there are frogs everywhere in the grass pond. I don't come in the middle of the night when I have an appointment. Make an appointment: invite guests to meet. (2) yellow plum season: in April and may of the lunar calendar, the plums in the south of the Yangtze River are yellow and ripe. Most of them are rainy, which is called "plum rain season", so the rainy season in the south of the Yangtze River is called "yellow plum season". It means the early summer when the plums are ripe in the south of the Yangtze River. Every family catches up with the rain. It's raining everywhere. Frogs everywhere: Frogs everywhere. (5) having an appointment means inviting friends. (6) falling lamp: in the old days, oil lamp was used for lighting, and the wick of the lamp was burned. When it fell, it was like a shining flower. Fall: make Drop. Lantern: the flower like substance formed by burning out the wick. The invitation is selected from the collection of qingyuanzhai. When the plum is yellow, it rains everywhere. On the edge of the grassy pond, there are bursts of frogs. It's past midnight, and the appointed guests haven't come yet. I knock on the desk alone and shake down the lights. This is Zhao Shixiu's

Special "show" works

. The poem is about the poet alone on a stormy summer night. The poems express the poet's complicated thoughts and feelings by the way of scenery and emotion. It is a delicate poem with a blend of feelings and scenes, fresh and meaningful, and thought-provoking. The first two sentences of the poem "the engagement" depict a picture of summer rain in the south of the Yangtze River. In the plum rain season, with continuous rain, rising pond water and continuous frog sound, the rural scenery is so fresh, quiet and harmonious. However, "all scenery language is emotion language", the poet here does not write scenery for the sake of scenery, but expresses his complex thoughts and feelings in the scenery. "Family rain" not only describes the ubiquitous and rapid concentration of plum rain in summer, but also shows the fresh and quiet scenery of the countryside. It also indicates the objective reason why the guests can't keep the appointment on time, showing the poet's helplessness to the rainy weather of continuous plum rain. "Frogs everywhere" not only describes the sound of frogs in the pond, but also uses the sound to contrast the quiet and harmonious atmosphere of the country night in the rainy season. At the same time, it also reflects the poet's lonely and restless mood. From the visual and auditory aspects, the two poems vividly and truly show the poet's unique psychological feelings in the dead of night when he is alone and the guests never appear. The continuous rain all over the countryside and the continuous frog drum were originally very harmonious and beautiful, but what is troubling is that the continuous rain blocked the frog sound of friends and disturbed the poet's mood. At this moment, how the poet hopes that his friends will arrive as scheduled, rain or shine, and play chess with him to relieve his worries! The last two sentences express the poet's loneliness, boredom, restlessness and loss. Outside the window of the rain, dense, pond frog, noisy, table lamp, swaying. For the sake of the previous agreement, for the sake of promise, for the sake of friendship, although the night is deep, the people are quiet, and the lights on the wick are put out again and again, the poet never gives up and still insists on waiting for the arrival of the "guest", but the guest who has an appointment in advance has never appeared. In the face of this situation, the poet's heart can be described as "not a taste", the kind of anxiety and helplessness is "cutting constantly, reason is also chaotic". The third sentence "you can't stay in the middle of the night" is the combination of emotion and scenery. As a transition from scenery to emotion, although this sentence is about a friend's breaking an appointment, it contains the poet's expectation and anxiety, disappointment and regret. The word "knock" is used more subtly, and then modified with the word "idle". This detail makes people really read out how much boredom and helplessness, how much irritability and uneasiness, how much loss and loss, how much loneliness and weariness are in the poet's heart. Through this sentence, we seem to see the lonely hut in the vast rainy night, under the swaying light, the solitary poet sitting at the table, playing chess with boredom and feeling helpless. The image of a lonely and melancholy person who attaches great importance to emotion and justice is highlighted in front of readers. It is only because of the rendering of the first two sentences of fresh and quiet, harmonious and wonderful rural scenery that readers feel that the poet's heart is so calm and calm, and the blame to his friends is so understated.

A few days

for several days, the autumn wind bullied the sick man, blowing yellow leaves down to the courtyard. The forest is far away from the mountain, and half of it is covered by clouds. The style of this poem is quite similar to "Chengzhai style". There is no bleak atmosphere in writing the autumn wind, and the poetry is lively. Qu Yuan's

Chinese PinYin : Zhao Shi Xiu