Ma Yin
Ma Yin
Ma Yin (852-930, December 2), with the name Batu, was born in Yanling, Xuzhou (now Yanling, Henan Province). He was the founder of the southern Chu state.
Ma Yin worked as a carpenter in his early years, and later he joined the army of Qin Zongquan and was subordinate to sun Ru. After sun Ru died in the war, Ma Yin, as the vanguard of Liu Jianfeng, went south to Hunan, occupied Tanzhou and other places, and became the commander of Mabu army. In the third year of qianning (896), Liu Jianfeng was killed and Ma yintui was the commander-in-chief, gradually unifying the whole territory of Hunan. In the Tang Dynasty, he was appointed as a military official of Hunan Province after he was sent to Hunan Province. Since then, Ma Yin gradually expanded his territory, merged Jingjiang army and captured several states in Lingnan.
In the first year of Kaiping (907), Zhu Wen, Emperor Taizu of Liang Dynasty, granted him the title of king of Chu and established the capital of Tanzhou (now Changsha). In the fourth year, Jia Tiance became a general and a minister. In the second year of Tiancheng (927), he was granted the title of king of Southern Chu in the later Tang Dynasty. During his reign, he adopted the strategy of "worshiping the emperor and the people". He did not engage in war, protected the territory and the people, and rarely took the initiative to engage in foreign wars. The internal development of agricultural production, reduce taxes, make Hunan economic prosperity.
In 930, Ma Yin died at the age of 79, posthumous title Wu Mu Wang. Second son Ma Xisheng succeeded to the throne.
Life of the characters
Follow sun Ru
Ma Yin called himself Fubo General Ma Yuan. In his early years, his family was poor and he worked as a carpenter. In 884 (the fourth year of Zhonghe period), Qin Zongquan rebelled against caizhou (now Runan, Henan Province). Ma Yin enlisted in the army and became the subordinate of sun Ru and Liu Jianfeng, the commander of Zhongwu decisive victory. He was famous for his bravery in the army.
In 887 (the third year of the reign of emperor Guangqi), Qin Zongheng, his younger brother, together with sun Ru and Liu Jianfeng, attacked Huainan and competed with Yang xingmi for Yangzhou. Soon after, sun Ru and Qin Zongheng fought against each other and killed him. He led his troops to seize Gaoyou and expel Yang xingmi. In 891 (the second year of Dashun), sun Ru besieged Yang xingmi in Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng, Anhui).
In 892 (the first year of Jingfu), sun Ru ordered Liu Jianfeng and Ma Yin to plunder neighboring counties. Soon after, sun Ru was defeated and killed, and most of his followers took refuge in Yang xingmi. Liu Jianfeng and Ma Yin gathered the remaining 7000 people and went south to Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). On the way, Liu Jianfeng was elected as the commander, Ma Yin as the vanguard commander, and Ma Zhangji as the marching commander turned to attack Yuzhang (now Nanchang, Jiangxi Province), with more than 100000 troops.
Occupy Tanzhou
In the first year of qianning (894), Liu Jianfeng and others entered Hunan and stationed in Liling. In order to guard against Liu Jianfeng, Deng Chuna, the governor of Wu'an army, sent Shaozhou (now Shaoyang, Hunan Province) commander Jiang Xun and Deng jichong to guard LONGHUIGUAN (now Changsha East, Hunan Province). Ma Yin rushed to LONGHUIGUAN and sent an envoy to persuade Jiang Xun to surrender. Liu Jianfeng ordered people to wear the armor of Shaozhou army and carry the flag of Shaozhou to Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan). The garrison in Tanzhou was unprepared and opened the door to accept. Liu Jianfeng killed Deng Chuna and claimed to be the empress of Wu'an army.
In the second year of qianning (895), Tang Zhaozong appointed Liu Jianfeng as the inspector general Zuo pushe and the Jie Dushi of Wu'an army, and Ma Yin as the commander of both internal and external Ma Bu army. Soon after, Jiang Xun asked Liu Jianfeng for the governor of Shaozhou. When he was refused, he and Deng jichong set out to attack Xiangtan. In 896 (the third year of qianning), Ma Yin pacified the rebellion of Jiang Xun.
Separate Hunan
Take over and stay
Liu Jianfeng has no ambition and is addicted to alcohol and neglects business. He often enjoys drinking with the trilogy. In April of the same year, Liu Jianfeng had an affair with Chen Fu's wife and was killed by him. The generals killed Chen Li and pushed Zhang Ji to stay. Unexpectedly, Zhang Ji was injured when he went to the Yamen. At this time, Ma Yin didn't return from Shaozhou. Zhang Ji said to the generals, "Ma Gong Gong is brave and resourceful. He is generous. He is more suitable to be commander-in-chief than me." At that time, Ma Yin was attacking Shaozhou, so the generals sent for Ma Yin to come back.
Ma Yin hesitated when he heard about it, and Yao Yanzhang, his confidant, advised him, "you are one with Liu Longxiang and Zhang Sima. Now, Liu longyi is killed and Zhang Sima is injured. It's just God who wants you to be the commander in chief. " Ma Yin ordered Li Qiong to continue to attack Shaozhou, and he returned to Tanzhou in the starry night.
After Ma Yin arrived in Tanzhou, Zhang Ji gave up his post to Ma Yin, led the general to pay homage to him, and decided the title of monarch and minister. Ma Yin still appointed Zhang Ji as the marching commander and ordered him to attack Shaozhou instead of himself.
Soon, Ma Yin was appointed governor of Tanzhou by the imperial court and sentenced to Hunan military affairs.
Pacify Hunan
In 898 (the first year of Guanghua), Tang Zhaozong appointed Ma Yin as the empress of Wu'an army. At that time, Hunan ruled seven prefectures. Besides Tanzhou and Shaozhou, Yang Siyuan occupied Hengzhou (now Hengyang in Hunan), Tang Shimin occupied Yongzhou (now Lingling in Hunan), CAI Jie occupied Daozhou (now hunandao county), Chen Yanqian occupied Chenzhou, and Lu Jingren occupied Lianzhou (now Lianxian in Guangdong).
Soon after, general Yao Yanzhang asked to recover the five states and elected Li Qiong as general. Ma Yin ordered Li Qiong, Qin Yanhui, Zhang tuying and Li Tang to capture Hengzhou and Yongzhou.
In 899 (the second year of Guanghua), Ma Yin ordered Li Tang to capture Daozhou. Before long, Li Qiong took Chenzhou and Lianzhou. So far, the whole territory of Hunan was pacified by Ma Yin.
Open up territory
In 900 (the third year of Guanghua), Liu Shizheng, commander of Jingjiang army, ordered Chen Kezhen and Wang Jianwu to garrison quanyiling (now crossing chengling) to guard against Ma Yin. Ma Yin wanted to mend up with Liu Shizheng and sent an emissary to the border, but he was rejected by Chen Kezhen. Ma Yin was so angry that he ordered Li Qiong to attack Jingjiang army and kill Chen Keli and others. After that, Li Qiong captured Liu Shizheng and took Guizhou, Yizhou, Yanzhou, Xiangzhou and Liuzhou under his rule.
In 901 (the fourth year of Guanghua), Ma Yin was officially appointed as the governor of Wu'an army. In 902 (the second year of Tianfu), Emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty added Ma Yin as the chapter of Tongping.
In 903 (the third year of Tianfu), Yang xingmi sent Liu Cun to attack duhong, the governor of Wuchang army, and besieged Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei). Du Hong asked Zhu Wen for help, and Zhu Wen ordered Ma Yin to send troops to rescue together with Jingnan Jiedu envoy Cheng Wei and Wuzhen Jiedu envoy Lei Yanwei. Ma Yin sent Qin Yanhui and Xu Dexun to help each other. Soon, Du Hong was defeated and killed, and Liu cunhong led the army to attack Ma Yin.
Under the resistance of Qin Yanhui and others, Liu Cun was defeated repeatedly, so he planned to make peace with Ma Yin. Under the dissuasion of Qin Yanhui, Ma Yin attacked Huainan army, killed Liu Cun and captured Yuezhou (now Yueyang, Hunan).
The king of Chu
In 907 (the first year of Kaiping), Zhu Wen became emperor and established Houliang. Ma Yin sent envoys to pay tribute, and was granted the title of minister, zhongshuling and king of Chu. Soon, Ma Yin also served as Wuchang Jiedu emissary, which was full of Taoism to punish Zhizhi emissary.
In September of the same year, Zhu Wen removed the official title of Lei Yangong (the younger brother of Lei Yanwei), the Jiedu envoy of Wu Zhenjun, and ordered Ma Yin and Gao Jixing, the Jiedu envoy of Jingnan, to attack. Lei asked Huainan for help and was defeated by Xu Dexun. Ma Yin sent Qin Yanhui to attack Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). Lei Yangong defected to Huainan, and his younger brother Lei Yanxiong was captured. Lizhou (now Lixian County, Hunan), Chenzhou (now Yuanling, Hunan), Xuzhou (now Huaihua, Hunan) and other places all belong to Ma Yin.
In 908 (the second year of Kaiping), Jingnan Jiedu envoy Gao Jixing stationed troops in Hankou to intercept Ma Yin's tribute envoy. Ma Yin was furious and ordered Xu Dexun to lead the water army to fight. Xu Dexun went to Shatou, and Gao Jixing sent an envoy to ask for peace. Soon after, Ma Yin sent his infantry commander LV Shizhou to attack Lingnan, fought with Liu Yin, the commander of the Qing Navy, and captured Zhaozhou (now Pingle, Guangxi), Hezhou, Wuzhou, Mengzhou (now Zhaoping, Guangxi), Gongzhou (now Pingnan, Guangxi) and Fuzhou (now Zhaoping, Guangxi).
In 910 (the fourth year of Kaiping), Ma Yin asked Kaitian CE Fu to set up an official family. Soon, Ma Yin was worshipped as the general of Tiance, and his younger brother Ma Cong was appointed as the left prime minister, Ma Cun as the right prime minister, and Liao guangtu and other 18 scholars.
In 912 (the second year of Qianhua), Ma Yin was granted the title of military governor of Wu'an, Wuchang, Jingjiang, Ningyuan, etc.
Life in old age
In 923 (the first year of Tongguang), Li Cunxu, the emperor of Tang Dynasty, perished Houliang and established the latter Tang Dynasty. When Ma Yin learned about it, he ordered his son Ma Xifan to pay tribute to the capital and handed over the Dutong seal letter granted by Hou Liang.
In 924 (the second year of Tongguang), Ma Yin also served as minister.
In 925 (the third year of Tongguang), Zhuang Zong of Tang Dynasty pacified the former Shu. Ma Yin was very afraid, so he asked to be an official, but he didn't get permission.
In 926 (the first year of Tiancheng), Li Siyuan, the emperor of Tang and Ming Dynasties, ascended the throne. Ma Yin sent an envoy to pay tribute to him and was granted the title of Shou Shang Shu Ling.
In 927 (the second year of Tiancheng), Emperor mingzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Li Xu, the minister Youcheng, as the ceremonial envoy, and conferred Ma Yin the title of king of Chu.
In March of 929 (the fourth year of Tiancheng), he ordered his second son, Ma Xisheng, to know the political affairs and command the military affairs inside and outside the country. In July, Ma Xisheng ordered Gao Yu, an important counselor, to be falsely killed.
In 930 (the first year of Changxing), Ma Yin died of illness and died at the age of 79. He was buried in Hengyang Shanghuang, posthumous title Wu Mu.
Political initiatives
Politics
After the establishment of Chu, Ma Yin appointed Yao Yanzhang as the left prime minister, Xu Dexun as the right prime minister, Li duo as the situ, Cui Ying as the Sikong, tuobaheng as the servant, and Ma Gong as the minister; he also appointed his younger brother Ma Cong as the governor of Jingjiang army, his eldest son Ma Xizhen as the governor of Wushun army, and his second son Ma Xisheng as the judge.
Ma Yin also changed Hanlin bachelor to Wenyuan bachelor, zhizhigao to Zhici system, and Privy Council to left and right confidential secretary.
Economics
During Ma Yin's reign, Chu's economy developed by rewarding agriculture and mulberry, developing tea, advocating textile and attaching importance to trade.
Anecdotes and allusions
Sanyang Wuma
Pang Juzhao, the governor of Rongzhou, is good at using astrology to determine the good and bad fortune of people. Later, when he went to Changsha, he was asked about the history of Hunan and Huainan. Pang Juzhao said: "when I came to Changsha, I heard a nursery rhyme singing:" three sheep and five horses, the horses are separated from the herd, and the sheep have no choice. " Since then, there have been five monarchs in Mahalanobis and three monarchs in the Yang family. " Later, after the death of Ma Yin, the state of Chu went through five monarchs, namely, Ma Xisheng, Ma Xifan, Ma Xiguang, Ma Xigou and Ma Xichong, and was ruled by the emperor
Chinese PinYin : Ma Yin
Ma Yin
