Yuan Shuipai

Yuan Shuipai

Yuan Shuipai (1916-1982), formerly known as Yuan Guangmei and pseudonym Ma fantuo. poet. Wu County, Jiangsu Province (now belongs to Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). He is a member of the Communist Party of China. Studied in Hujiang University. In 1937, he joined the anti enemy Association of literary and art circles in Hong Kong as an alternate Director and journal. After that, he successively served as the leader of Shanghai Xinmin daily, Ta Kung Pao, people's daily, literature and art group, director of the literature and Art Department of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, and director of the Art Research Institute of the Ministry of culture. Members of the first and third sessions of the China Federation of literary and art circles, directors of the first and second sessions of the China Writers Association, and deputies to the third and fourth sessions of the National People's Congress.

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He graduated from Suzhou high school in 1934 and was admitted to Shanghai Hujiang university the next year. Three months later, he transferred to banking. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he engaged in Anti Japanese and national salvation propaganda in Hong Kong, Chongqing and other places. He successively served as alternate Director and editor in chief of the Journal of Chongqing Fine Arts Publishing House, all China Anti enemy Association of literary and art circles, and also engaged in poetry creation. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1942. During the war of liberation, he worked as a journalist in Shanghai. He successively served as the evening magazine of Xinmin daily and Ta Kung Pao. He published more than 300 political satirical poems, exposing the darkness of the Kuomintang government in the way of laughing and scolding, reflecting the sufferings of the people, and was very popular with readers. In 1949, he transferred to Beijing People's daily as director of the literature and art department, and concurrently served as editorial board member of people's literature and poetry magazine. He participated in the investigation of the history of military training and the compilation of the book "investigation of the history of military training". In 1961, he was transferred from people's daily as director of the literature and Art Department of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee. He has written 12 kinds of correspondence anthology Warsaw, Beijing, Vienna, essays, notes on literature and art, poetry anthology Ma fantuo's folk song, boiling years, praise and curse, and 13 kinds of translation works Marxism and poetry, the fall of Paris. At the beginning of 1976, he served as vice minister of the Ministry of culture. Later, he was suspended for censorship because of his involvement with the gang of four. He died of illness in 1982.

friendship

In the late 1930s, when the Anti Japanese war began, a large number of scholars went south to Hong Kong. Many young people who have just started their career have formed friendship in those difficult years. At that time, Xu Chi, Yuan Shuipai and Feng Yidai were young. They were called "three swordsmen" by their friends. But half a century later, in his old age, Xu Chi turned against Yuan Shuipai and broke up with him. Xu Chi, a poet, lived as a writer all his life. In his later years, he settled in Wuhan, far away from the center of discourse. After liberation, Yuan Shuipai had been engaged in literary and art leadership for many years, and he was an official in Beijing. But it didn't seem to hinder their personal friendship. Xu Chi, who likes watching operas, once asked yuan Shui for tickets. Yuan Shui was then Vice Minister of culture, so he had the convenience of being near water. Yuan Shuipai gave Xu Chi a ticket, the third row from the bottom of the backcourt, which is not suitable for Xu Chi, who is almost deaf. A few minutes before the opening, a group of onlookers came in and rushed to the first four rows. When Xu Chi looked closely, it turned out that it was vice minister yuan's family, young and old, as well as the driver and maid. In a rage, Xu Chi felt that his personality had been despised and his friendship had been tarnished. Feng Yidai recalled: "Xu Chi was heartbroken by this merciless ticket. Xu Chi has always been open-minded towards his friends, but he can't keep his tolerance this time. "

During the Cultural Revolution

As soon as the "four Qing" period ended, the "Cultural Revolution" began. The Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee is the hall of the king of hell, and the cry of "down with the king of hell, liberate the little ghosts" resounds both inside and outside. Yuan Shuipai belongs to the "grand judge" according to his status, so he should be down. In 69, under the military control of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, lianguoduan arrived at the "May 7th" cadre school in Helan county. At that time, many people were ready to receive re education all their lives. It is not easy for the younger "Sanmen cadres" to forbid paddy fields, vegetable fields, infrastructure construction and sideline work under the natural conditions of loess, scorching sun, sandstorm and saline alkali in the northwest. Among the elderly, those who have been trained by the Yan'an mass production movement have much stronger endurance. For those who have lived in the cultural circle of the Kuomintang controlled area for a long time before liberation and those who have lived in the cultural circle of the Kuomintang controlled area after liberation, it is not easy for them For yuan Shuipai, who has been working in Beijing, the environment is extremely harsh. On the slippery and narrow ridge, he could not walk steadily. He used both hands and feet and crawled together. Occasionally, the canteen made noodles and dumplings, which also became his problem. Once, the company sent yuan Shuipai to release the donkey. When the donkey ran away, Yuan Shuipai yelled "stop!" Donkeys naturally do not understand the poet's language and go their own way. The devolution of life during the Cultural Revolution was a great disaster for yuan Shuipai. After 1973, people from the May 7th cadre school were transferred back to the city one after another to redistribute their work. Some of the former leading cadres have been combined, some have been neglected, some have been promoted, some have been demoted, and some have been rearranged. Yuan Shuipai is not only a comeback, but also a promotion.

The end of the Cultural Revolution

After the collapse of the gang of four, Yuan Shuipai fell from his high position and was censored again. He was criticized by the cultural circles and his contemporaries, and disdained to communicate with them. He was even more difficult to see his old friends and closed up. As Yuan Ying said, once Shuipai got the chance to return to work, he devoted himself to it and worked as hard as ever, "but he still didn't understand the outline of the city, and his personnel were not. This kind of simplicity and innocence naturally doomed the tragic fate "(see postscript of selected poems by Yuan Shuipai). Yuan Shuipai's simple and naive, sometimes no less than young people, almost circuitous. This poet who has sincerely and enthusiastically praised the people and the party since the 1930s and 1940s may not be able to distinguish those who deceive the world in the name of the party and the people. During this period, he lived in seclusion, regretted and depressed, and his mood was extremely depressed.

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When Yuan Shuipai began to write lyric poems, he took "Shuipai" as his pseudonym. When he wrote satirical poems, he took "Ma fantuo" as his pseudonym, borrowing the homonym of "more trouble" in Suzhou dialect. It can be said that Yuan Guangmei wrote poems with two strokes: when he wrote lyric poems, he was "Yuan Shuipai"; when he wrote satirical poems, he was "Ma fantuo". Ma fantuo is not only a high-yield and high-quality poet, but also a "great and unfortunate poet". During his life, he was "lively" and received much attention; after his death, he was "silent" and received little attention. In other words, the writing of "folk songs" in the mid and late 1940s brought him a huge poem name. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he took up a large number of lyric poems that he had not seen for a long time. Compared with the lyric poems he wrote before liberation, these works in response to the situation lacked the sincere life and the irrigation of personality. He served as vice minister of culture for several years in the late period of the "Cultural Revolution", which brought him an indelible political stain. Ma fantuo even involuntarily did something against his will. This is a common tragedy of a generation.

Main works

Poetry Anthology: Ma fantuo's folk song, boiling years, people, winter, winter, sunflower, liberation folk song, political satire, forty poems, praise and curse, spring Yingge; Poetry Anthology: Warsaw, Beijing, Vienna; papers Anthology: literary notes, poetry anthology; Translated Poetry Anthology: New Song, my heart on the plateau, fifty saffron flowers, Neruda's poetry anthology, poetry and poetics, soot and bird, modern American poetry, woodcutter wakes up; translated novels: flagman, the fall of Paris; on Marxism and poetry, etc

Chinese PinYin : Yuan Shui Pai