Zhang Wen

Zhang Wen

Zhang Wen (193-230), named huishu, was born in Wu County, Wu county (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). He was an official of Wu state during the Three Kingdoms period. Less discipline, great looks. Sun Quan called to worship Yilang, elected Cao Shangshu, and moved Prince Taifu. He was born in Zhang family of Wujun, one of the four surnames in Jiangnan.

In the third year of Huangwu (224), he was sent to Shuhan as a general of Fuyi Zhonglang. Sun Quan was afraid that Zhuge Liang would deliberately detain Zhang Wen, but Zhang Wen was not worried. In order to show the sincerity of reconciliation and rebuild the relationship between the two countries. His outstanding performance in the Shuhan Dynasty was highly valued by the Shuhan court. Soon after returning to the eastern Wu Dynasty, he was transferred to the army of Yuzhang and made no further progress in his career.

On the one hand, Sun Quan thought that he praised Shu Han when he was sent as an envoy to Shu Han. On the other hand, he thought that he was too famous to be appointed by Zhang Wen loyally. At that time, Ji Yan happened to be a minister recommended by Zhang Wen, but he abused his power and evaluated his promotion only by his likes and dislikes. After the incident was exposed, Ji Yan and her accomplice Xu Biao committed suicide. When Sun Quan saw this, he accused Zhang Wen of having many contacts with Ji Yan and Xu Biao, and later sent him back to his hometown Wujun. General Luo Tong once wrote a letter to defend Zhang Wen, but Sun Quan ignored it. Six years later, Zhang Wen died of illness.

Life of the characters

Famous counties

Zhang Wen, named huishu, is a native of Wuxian County in Wujun county. He was born in Zhangshi, Wujun county. His father Zhang Yun, who despised money and attached great importance to sages, became famous in Yangzhou county. He served as Dong Cao Yao of Sun Quan, and then died. Zhang Wen has been cultivated since he was a child, and his appearance is strange and magnificent. When Sun Quan heard about it, he asked the Minister of the central court, "who can Zhang Wen compare with today?" Liu Ji, the great Si Nong, said: "it can be the same as Quan Cong." Taichang Gu Yong said: "Liu Ji didn't know Zhang Wen in detail. No one can compare Zhang Wen today. " Sun Quan said: "if so, Zhang Yun is not dead!" So Zhang Wen was called up to meet him.

Zhang Wen's speech was elegant and his answers were fluent. The onlookers admired him. Sun Quan changed his appearance and presented him with more gifts. After the call, Zhang Zhao took Zhang Wen's hand and said, "I trust you. You should understand." So Sun Quan appointed Zhang Wen as Yilang, elected Cao Shangshu, and moved to be the crown prince and Taifu.

An envoy to Shuhan

In 224, when Zhang Wen was 32 years old, he was sent to Shu as a general of Fuyi Zhonglang. Sun Quan said to him, "you shouldn't have been far away, but you were worried that Zhuge Liang didn't understand my intention of communicating with Cao Cao, so you were wronged to travel. If the disaster of Shanyue is eliminated, we will attack Cao Pi on a large scale. The truth of being an emissary is to accept orders but not words. " Zhang Wen replied, "I haven't made the plan of a trusted minister in China. I don't have the ability to deal with travel diplomacy alone. I'm afraid I don't have the ability to publicize the country's reputation, and I don't have the ability to explain things. However, Zhuge Liang has a deep insight and is good at planning. He must understand your God's consideration and expedient plan. In addition to the favor from the imperial court, he will not have any doubt about Zhuge Liang's heart. " When Zhang Wen arrived in Shu state, he went to the court to present his seal, saying: "in ancient times, the mourning of Emperor Gaozong of Shang Dynasty revived and prospered the state of yin and Shang again. When King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty was young, he made the Zhou dynasty rule the world with morality and peace. They made great contributions all over the world. Today, your majesty is equal to the ancient sages with smart qualifications, and the virtuous ministers help to take charge of the government affairs. The elite of Manchu Dynasty are like stars. People look up to you from far and near, and they are all happy to rely on you. Wu was diligent in military and national strength to stabilize the south of the Yangtze River. He hoped to unify the world with the king of Tao, and to work together with the rule. It was like a river without turning back. Because of the frequent and Fierce wars, we have too few troops to serve, so we have to endure the humiliation imposed by despicable people. Now, I'd like to express my friendship with my minister Zhang Wen. Your majesty highly values propriety and righteousness. You should not be ashamed to ignore my request. From the remote border to the outskirts of your capital, I have been frequently received by your country with special courtesy and benedictions. I am not only frightened by this honor, but also surprised and disturbed by it. This is a letter from my Lord to your majesty. " Shu Han valued Zhang Wen's ability.

Sun Quan's hatred

Soon after returning home, he was sent into Yuzhang county to fight, but he did not pursue military merit. Sun Quan secretly hated Zhang Wen and praised the politics of the Shu Han Dynasty, but also thought that his reputation was too prominent. The people were confused by his virtue and ability, and worried that he could not be used for himself in the end, so he considered how to slander him. When the Jiyan incident happened, he took this opportunity to find out Zhang Wen's fault.

Zhang Wen had always been in agreement with Ji Yan and Xu Biao. He often wrote letters and exchanged greetings with each other, so he was convicted again. Sun Quan put him under house arrest in the relevant official office. At that time, no one dared to speak for him. Only Luo Tong thought that Zhang Wen was guilty because the facts were not clear and the evidence was insufficient, which was the result of villain slander and King's lack of insight. He believes that the main responsibility for Ji Yan's employment is not Zhang Wen. Even if the recommendation is wrong, Zhang Wen is not the first to recommend it. It's not reasonable to say that Zhang Wen and Ji Yan's friends have committed adultery without evidence, and it's improper to presume only by taking the example. Luo Tong also gave an objective explanation for the delay of military orders. He thinks that Zhang Wen has been obeying the orders of the public, and there has been no reduction in the number of troops, no retreat on the battlefield, and no delay in the military period. What's the crime of serving the country wholeheartedly and loyally. When Sun Quan accused Zhang Wen of insulting his country when he sent an envoy to Shu, Luo Tong believed that as long as he did not condescend, he could not be regarded as insulting his country, but as a normal envoy's trip. The return visit of Deng Zhi, sent by Shu, is a friendly exchange between countries.

In fact, Deng Zhi's return visit was Zhuge Liang's sending Deng Zhi to send Zhang Wen home. It was a respect for the state of Wu, not Zhang Wen's private act. In addition, for other charges, Luo Tong also pleaded one by one. In order to make Sun Quan accept remonstrance and show his selflessness and uprightness, Luo Tong finally said: "I have not been in touch with Zhang Wen for many years. Zhang Wen is neither my new friend nor my special feelings towards him. He is just a colleague of the king. If the king can carefully analyze and verify, any suspicion can be solved. Today, I plead for Zhang Wen, and I don't expect much of myself. Zhang Wen has been convicted of sitting and walking alone in the front, and I would like to be disgraced and dismissed from office in the back. " Sun Quan didn't adopt Luo Tong's opinion in the end.

Six years later, Zhang Wen died of illness.

Anecdotes and allusions

When Zhang Wen was about to return from Shuhan, all the civil and military officials in Yizhou went to bid farewell to him. After all the people arrived, only Qin MI did not arrive. Zhuge Liang sent people to urge him several times. Zhang Wen asked, "who is he?" Zhuge Liang said: "Yizhou scholars."

When Qin Mi arrived, Zhang Wen asked him, "do you study?" Qin Mi said, "children five feet tall all study. Why do you look down on people?" Zhang Wen asked again, "does the sky have a head?" Qin Mi said, "there is a head." Zhang Wen asked, "where is the head?" Qin Mi said: "in the west, the book of songs says," so I am sentimentally looking to the West. ". From this we can infer that the head is in the West. " Zhang Wen asked, "does the sky have ears?" Qin Mi said: "the sky is high, but you can hear the sound of the underground." it is said in the book of songs that "the sound of a crane is heard in the water, and the sound is heard in the sky.". If heaven has no ears, what is to listen to? " Zhang Wen asked, "does heaven have feet?" Qin Mi said, "yes, the book of songs says," Heaven's steps are so hard, that man is no longer reliable. ". If heaven has no feet, how can it walk? " Zhang Wen asked, "does heaven have a surname?" Qin Mi said, "you have a surname." Zhang Wen asked, "what's your last name?" Qin Mi said, "my surname is Liu." Zhang Wen asked, "how do you know?" Qin Mi replied, "today the emperor's surname is Liu, so he knows his surname." Zhang Wen asked, "is the sun born in the east?" Qin Mi said: "although it was born in the East, it eventually ended up in the West." As a result, Zhang Wen was very respectful to Qin MI.

Historical evaluation

Sun Quan: "in the past, Zhang Wen was summoned and treated as a virtual person. Since he had been given the most obvious instruction, he had an old official. He wanted to be vicious and ugly, and he had a strange heart."

Luo Tong: "although Wen's wisdom is not from the horizontal, and his martial arts is not from the tiger, he is outstanding in his elegance, virtue, literary talent and argumentation. He is also outstanding in the world."

Yu Jun: "huishu is more talented than zhishao, flashy but not practical."

Zhuge Liang: "he is too clear and clear, too good and evil."

Chen Shou: "Zhang Wencai is brilliant, but his wisdom is not prepared, and his use leads to difficulties."

Pei Songzhi: "Chen Songzhi thinks that Zhuang Zhouyun is famous for his public utensils. You can't take more of them." Zhang Wenzhi abandoned them. How many of them were named! The ancient sages knew that many are evils. It's a man of foresight who retreats to the secret, does not let fame float in virtue, and does not hurt the reality with China. He can neither be defeated by the brown treasure, nor escape the reputation, so that his talent can be reflected in the whole life, and his voice can cover the people. The way to use it can only be replaced temporarily! If you are warm, you will not be defeated? Right is warm and famous, but Luo Tongfang suddenly said its beauty, to the cloud "Zhuo Guan Qun, Wei Ye Yao world, the world has not been compared with it.". Why is it that the fire is so strong, and it is so blazing

Ye Shi: "although the function of Zhang Wen's literary knowledge was not passed down later, it can be said that" Yan came out of Confucius' gate, joined and granted the same reputation; Jia denghan's office, Jiangguan did not slander. " Since ancient times, there have been people who have not been able to bear the responsibility of the world, or who are known by the people's masters, but who have been able to do so, and who have failed to succeed. He did not submit himself to the court and made a vow. On the contrary, the man's Lord would avoid evil and bring about his sin, and he was on the verge of death. However, Sun Quan's self-sufficiency is not enough, and then he gives it to Wen. What's the harm to Wen? "

Family members

Father: Zhang Yun

Sisters: Zhang Wen has three sisters, all of whom have festivals. Zhang Wen's second sister married Gu Cheng. After Gu Cheng died, she was remarried to the Ding family and killed herself by drinking medicine on her wedding day.

Brother: Zhang Zhi, Zhang Bai.

Artistic image

An overview of the romance

In the novel the romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Wen is a famous writer

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Wen