Dong Fuxiang

Dong Fuxiang

Dong Fuxiang (from January 8, 1840 to February 9, 1908) was born in Huanxian County, Gansu Province (at that time it was Guyuan, Ningxia). He was a famous general in the late Qing Dynasty. He was the crown prince Shaobao, the governor of Gansu Province, and the retinue minister. He was given the name of arhang abatulu.

In 1864, he organized the Han people's militia to fight against the Qing Dynasty. Later, he was defeated by Liu Songshan of Zuo Zongtang's department in Northern Shaanxi and surrendered to the Qing army. His department was reorganized into Dong zisan battalion. Liu Songshan and Liu Jintang pacified the Hui uprising in Shaanxi, Gansu, Xining (now Qinghai) and promoted him to governor.

In 1875, he went to Xinjiang with Liu Jintang. He won Zuo Zongtang's appreciation for his meritorious service in recovering Urumqi and other places and calming the agouba riot in southern Xinjiang. In 1890, he was promoted to governor of Kashgar. In 1895, he led the army to Gansu Province to eliminate the Hui uprising. After the transfer of Gansu governor. In 1897, he was transferred to defend the capital, and the Department was organized as the rear army of the military and defense under the jurisdiction of Ronglu. In 1900, the Boxer Movement developed rapidly, and the Qing government adopted the strategy of "appeasing". Dong Fuxiang's soldiers joined the Boxer Rebellion one after another, killed Sugiyama bin, the Secretary of the Japanese Embassy in China, and took part in the siege of Dongjiaominxiang embassy. When the Allied forces of the eight countries occupied Beijing, Dong Fuxiang led the troops to protect Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu. In the process of peace negotiation between the Qing government and the Eight Allied forces, the foreign invaders demanded the death of Dong Fuxiang, but the Qing government refused, so he was dismissed and imprisoned at home. In 1908, he died in jinjibao, Gansu Province (now Wuzhong, Ningxia).

Life of the characters

Leading the public against the Qing Dynasty

Dong Fuxiang was born in Maojing, Huanxian County in 1839. His father, Dong Shiyou, was the leader of the local "elder brother's Association". He was straightforward and fought against injustice. Influenced by his family tradition, Dong Fuxiang was fond of practicing martial arts rather than reading books. In his youth, he liked to make friends with people in the green forest and often went to and fro with gangs. Therefore, local gentry and people were afraid of him. In the early years of Tongzhi, Dong Fuxiang used his father's relationship with the "elder brother Association" to organize local youth league training, establish a strong Han armed force, protect the mausoleum and the people, and safeguard the local peace. At that time, there was an endless stream of followers. Its influence is growing. At that time, seeing that Dong Fuxiang's influence was expanding, General Wang Aichen of Anhua County arrested him under the name of "unnecessary" and put him in a cage to be punished by boiling water. The jailer sympathized with Dong Fuxiang and secretly released him. Dong Fuxiang survived, so he rallied and launched an uprising in Anhua County. His troops were unable to resist not only the plunder and destruction of the Hui army, but also the invasion and suppression of the officers and men. In 1864, Dong Fuxiang accepted the invitation of Weng Jian, the magistrate of Huanxian County, and defended Huanxian county. Soon after, he turned against the Qing Dynasty. He contacted the Hui army and the Nian Army to defeat the Qing army in Jinji fort and captured countless soldiers. In 1867, Dong Fuxiang controlled more than 10 counties in Shaanxi and Gansu.

Anyway, it's peaceful

In the seventh year of tongzhi (1868), Dong Fuxiang appointed himself as the Grand Marshal of the Shaanxi Gansu Self Defense Corps. His subordinates were known as 300000. He controlled Yan'an in the south, YIKEZHAO League in the north, Suide in the East, Huanxian and Guyuan in the West. The Nien army, which was originally active in Shaanxi Province, entered Shanxi in the west, so the Qing government ordered the Hunan army to attack Dong Fuxiang in the north. Dong Fuxiang led his troops to besiege Suide and failed several times, so he was forced to turn to defense. In 1869, Xiang army General Liu Songshan was appointed as the commander in chief of the Qing army in Shaanxi Province. He directly broke through Dong Fuxiang's peripheral defense line with the strategy of a little blossom and a central breakthrough, and defeated Dong's army in Wayaobao. In December of the same year, Dong Fuxiang's whole army surrendered to Liu Songshan of the Qing army. After Dong Fuxiang surrendered to the Qing army, Liu Songshan appreciated his military talent and appointed the former enemy commander in chief. Dong Fuxiang's Department has been reduced to "Dong Zi San Ying". Dong Fuxiang led the "three battalions of Dong Zi" to fight against the enemy and made many achievements, which soon dispelled the doubts of Zuo Zongtang and Liu Songshan. On December 11, 1869, Dong Fuxiang fought hand to hand in the battle against Wu Zhong. Although he was injured, in order to win Wu Zhong's first prize, Zuo agreed to formally incorporate Dong zisan battalion into the ranks of the army and become a strong brigade under Liu Songshan. In February 1870, in the battle of jinjibao, Liu Songshan didn't listen to Dong Fuxiang's advice and went to the mahualong camp to surrender himself. Unexpectedly, he was shot and died. After that, Dong Fuxiang faithfully assisted Liu Jintang. On March 2, 1871, Ma Hualong surrendered after being surrounded for nearly two years and was executed by Liu and Dong for hiding weapons. After that, Dong Fuxiang was ordered to guard Jinji castle and rebuilt it into the headquarters of Dong bu. In the same year, Dong Fuxiang blasted the fort of the Hui people's army in Majiatan with a firecracker, causing heavy casualties and destroying the fort in one day. In 1872, Dong Fuxiang led his troops with Liu Jintang to march into Xining. In the battle, Dong Fuxiang defeated Yu Deyan, Bai Yanhu and other Hui people's armies and was promoted to guerrilla general. In the battle, he treated the enemy very ferociously. The famous saying "dyed red with blood" came from Dong Fuxiang. In 1874, Dong Fuxiang took part in pacifying the Hui rebellion in Hezhou. To accumulate military merit, an official should be promoted to a supervisor.

Take Southern Xinjiang directly

In the first year of Guangxu (1875), Zuo Zongtang took Liu Jintang as the forerunner and went west to Xinjiang to fight back agauba's invasion. "Dong Zi San Ying" was a native army in Northwest China. It was not afraid of the wind and sand. After smashing the Muli River and ancient pastures in Tianshan Mountains, it recovered Urumqi at one stroke, conquered Manas city and won the first battle. In April 1877, Zuo Zongtang ordered all the troops to march in three directions to the south of Xinjiang. Dong Fuxiang led the Gan army to cross the Tianshan Mountains and marched for more than 1200 Li. He took part in the battle of recovering Dabancheng and Toksun, the gateway of the south of Xinjiang. In May, Agubo was killed by his subordinates, and Bai Yanhu fled to Russia. In August, the Qing army began to pursue and annihilate the remnant enemy in southern Xinjiang, and Dong Jun took the lead in conquering kalashar. On January 2, 1878, Dong Fuxiang recovered Hami. So far, Xinjiang was recovered except Ili. Since then, Dong Fuxiang has been famous in Xinjiang. He has been granted the title of yunqi Wei, commander of Aksu and the title of arhang abatulu. After the fall of the akuba regime, Britain and Russia were not reconciled to this. They still supported the remnant troops to harass the western border of China. Dong Fuxiang led the troops to garrison Kashgar and repeatedly annihilated the invading enemies. In 1879, the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1879), Abu tuleha, the chief of brute, rebelled. In two days and one night, Dong Fuxiang led his troops to gallop for more than 300 Li to defeat the rebels in Muji and annihilate more than 2000 people. In 1890, he was promoted to governor of Kashgar, President of the southern Xinjiang military, and transferred to governor of Urumqi in 1891. Dong Fuxiang has been stationed in Xinjiang for 19 years. He has won praise from both the government and the public for his outstanding achievements in defending the enemy and guarding the border, building water conservancy projects, reclaiming farmland and renovating roads.

The change of official career

In 1894, the Sino Japanese War of 1894 broke out. Dong Fuxiang, the Minister of Jin Dynasty, was ordered to lead the Gan army to the capital of Wei. He settled in Jizhou and was received and appreciated by Cixi. In 1895, the Hui and Salar peasant uprisings broke out in Hezhou and Huangzhong of Gansu Province. Dong Fuxiang was appointed governor of Gansu Province and led the troops to suppress the rebellion. After the rebellion was put down, he was granted the title of Prince Shaobao and the title of captains. In 1897, Dong Fuxiang was ordered to lead the Gan army to Beijing. After the 1898 coup, Dong Jun was incorporated into the armed forces and became one of the three northern armies. Dong Fuxiang was appointed commander of the armed guards and stationed in Zhili and Shanxi. In 1899, Dong Fuxiang was re appointed governor of Gansu Province.

Gengzi incident

At that time, a large-scale Boxer Movement broke out in Beijing and Tianjin. Some generals of the Qing army had a close relationship with the Boxer Movement, among which Dong Fuxiang was one. In 1900, the gengzi incident broke out, and Empress Dowager Cixi called Dong Fuxiang to Beijing to strengthen the security of the court. On June 9, Dong Fuxiang led his troops into Beijing and stationed in yonganmen. On June 11, Dong Bu was ordered to open the Yongdingmen gate. Just then, Sheng Shanbin, Secretary of the Japanese Embassy, wanted to go out of the city to visit 24 Japanese guards in the embassy area with the approval of the prime minister's Yamen of the Qing Dynasty. Dong barracks officer asked "who", and Shan Shanbin answered truthfully. However, before he finished, he was stabbed by the barracks officer. His body was dismembered by Gan Jun, and his viscera were removed by laparotomy and stuffed with horse dung, And leave it on the roadside. After Shanbin's death, Empress Dowager Cixi sent Ronglu and Qixiu to the Japanese Embassy to apologize, and called on Dong Fuxiang and Duan Junwang Zaiyi to rebuke him. However, Li Hongzhang dissuaded Empress Dowager Cixi on the ground that if he was punished, he would be afraid of the mutiny of the Gan army. Empress Dowager Cixi had no choice but to give up her plan to punish the murderer. Afterwards, Zai Yi called Dong Fuxiang a great man. On June 20, the Qing government ordered Rong Lu to attack the embassy area. For fear of being responsible as a scapegoat, Rong Lu pretended to be ill and handed over military power. Later, he ordered Dong Fuxiang, who had no artillery but local artillery, to besiege the embassy area in dongjiaomin lane and press his own armed Chinese army with German equipment. From June 20 to June 23, Dong's army fired more than 300 guns a day for four days in a row, but it could not cause great damage to the embassy area. On June 25, Rong Lu stopped attacking embassies, sent people to send watermelon and vegetables to embassies of various countries, and sent people disguised as smugglers to enter embassies with a large number of advanced German rifles and other arms to strengthen the defense of the embassy area. On June 28, the Gan army resumed its attack, and then stopped for more than 50 days until August 14, when it failed to capture the embassy area. On August 14, the Allied forces of the eight countries attacked Beijing from Tongzhou. Dong Fuxiang led his troops to fight against the British troops in Guangqumen. At 2 pm, Guangqumen was captured. Dong Fuxiang retreated to DongBianMen, Chaoyang men and Zhengyangmen to continue his resistance, killing anningkov, the chief of the Russian army, and injuring his general. On August 15, Cixi fled West with Emperor Guangxu, and Dong Fuxiang served as an entourage minister. Arrived in Xi'an on October 26. Qing government

Chinese PinYin : Dong Fu Xiang