Chen Yuanyuan

Chen Yuanyuan

Chen Yuanyuan (1623-1695) was originally surnamed Xing and named yuan. His name is Yuanyuan and his name is Wanfang. He was adopted by his adoptive mother Chen, so his surname was changed to Chen. He lives in Taohuawu, Suzhou, and is a member of Liyuan. He is one of the eight beauties of Qinhuai.

At the end of Chongzhen period, he was captured by Tian Wan and later transferred to Wu Sangui as his concubine. It is said that after Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, his subordinates Liu Zongmin abducted Chen Yuanyuan, and Wu Sangui led the Qing army into the pass.

Life of the characters

Young mother lost

Chen Yuanyuan was born in a peddler's family. His mother died early and was raised in his uncle's family. His uncle's surname was Chen. He lives in Taohuawu, Suzhou. Li Li Yuan, a famous actor in Wuzhong, was a young dramatist named youxitang.

Color and art

Chen Yuanyuan is famous for his unique color and art. She has been smart since she was a child. At that time, his uncle, who valued profit over righteousness, sold Yuanyuan to Suzhou pear garden and was good at performing Yiyang opera. Yuanyuan plays Hongniang in the romance of the west chamber. She is as beautiful as a flower, like a cloud rising from a hill, with the sound of a warbler and six horses feeding on the grass. All the spectators under the stage hold their breath and are fascinated. Chen Yuanyuan is "elegant and elegant in his speech and elegant in his forehead". He has the demeanor of famous people. Every time he appeared on the stage, he was brilliant and outstanding. At that time, he was "the soul of the audience is broken".

Robbed into Beijing

As a prostitute in Liyuan, Chen Yuanyuan is hard to get rid of the fate of serving people with sex. Yuanyuan once belonged to zoushu of Wujiang, who "often plays in Yu's family, but never goes away" (Shimei CI Ji). It is reported that Gong Ruofu, the son of Gong Xiuling in Jiangyin, once redeemed Chen Yuanyuan as his concubine with a large sum of money, but Yuanyuan was not allowed by his wife. Gong Xiuling, the father of Gong Ruofu, was very surprised when he saw Yuanyuan and said, "this noble man!" "Let it go, no ransom." (notes on Tianxiang Pavilion by Li Jieli). Chen Yuanyuan also had a love affair with Maoxiang. In the spring of 1641, when he was a relative of Hengyue in Maoxiang Province, he passed through Suzhou and was recommended by his friends to meet Chen Yuanyuan. In August of that year, he moved his boat to Suzhou to meet Yuanyuan again. When Yuanyuan was robbed by a powerful family, he was lucky to get away from hukou, so he wanted to marry Maoxiang and risked war to visit his mother in the boat where he lived. They are affectionate and vow to each other. After that, because of the confusion, he repeatedly broke his appointment. Unfortunately, Chen Yuanyuan was robbed into Beijing by Tian Hongyu.

In the mid spring of the 15th year of Chongzhen (1642), Chen Yuanyuan was robbed and entered Beijing by Tian Hongyu. Yuanyuan entered the capital in the 14th, 15th and 16th years of Chongzhen. Among them, Hu Jiezhi's Ci Cun Yong Shi Xin Yue Fu said: "in the Xinsi year of Chongzhen, Tian Guifei's father Hong met Jin xiangputuo, passed Jinchang, fished and hunted for prostitutes, so he took yuan back." "In the spring of the 16th year, Qi Tianhong met Wu Chang, who was traveling to the south, and heard about the geisha Chen Yuan and Gu Shou. It's famous for its popularity. Hongyu makes people buy Gu Shou, and Yuan is especially beautiful. If the guests are private to Hongyu, they will enter it with 800 yuan, and hongyuzai will return it to Beijing. " Hold 16 years to say. However, according to the Memoirs of Yingmei nunnery written by Maoxiang, it was in the autumn of the fourteenth year of Chongzhen that he made a private treaty with Chen Yuanyuan. Since then, due to his family troubles, he has not been able to go to Yuanyuan for an appointment. In the meantime, Yuan Yuan sent many letters to him to urge him to fulfill his promise, but he couldn't reply. In the mid spring of the 15th year of Chongzhen, he went to Suzhou to meet Yuanyuan, but Yuanyuan was robbed into Beijing ten days ago. Because what he recorded was his own experience, Chen Yuanyuan's time of entering Beijing should be the mid spring of the 15th year of Chongzhen.

As for the people who robbed Yuanyuan, there are two theories: Tian Hongyu, the father of emperor Chongzhen's concubine Tian, and Zhou Kui, the father of emperor Chongzhen's empress Zhou. Zou Shu, Liu Jian, you dong, Li Jieli, ye Mengzhu, Lu Ciyun and others are the former speakers. Because they are Chen Yuanyuan's contemporaries, they can be trusted. There are only records of "Zhijiang Baoyang Sheng" and Niu Xiu's narration. Zhijiang baoyangsheng's "a small chronicle of Jiashen Dynasty affairs" said: "his cousin Zhou Jiading bought Jiangnan, heard its beauty, and got it. Bring it back to the capital. " It seems unreliable to say alone.

A fury at the crown

After Chen Yuanyuan entered Beijing, he became an actor of Tian Hongyu's family music. Tian Hongyu gradually lost his power because of his imperial concubine's death. In order to consolidate his position and find support in troubled times, he intended to make friends with Wu Sangui, who was famous and had a heavy army at that time. Tian Hongyu and Zeng Sheng invited Wu Sangui to his family banquet, "all the beautiful people who come out of the group to tune silk and bamboo.". A light make-up, the United States and first all sound, love Yan Yi Jiao And this singer with light makeup and beautiful quality is Chen Yuanyuan. Wu Sangui was surprised at Chen Yuanyuan's beauty, and "he didn't feel that his spirit had moved his heart" (Lu Ciyun's biography of Yuanyuan). At the request of Sangui, Tian Hongyu presented Yuanyuan to Wu Sangui, and set up a rich dowry to send it to Wu's house. After Li Zicheng's peasant army captured Beijing, Yuan Yuan was captured by Liu Zongmin. Wu Sangui wanted to surrender to the peasant army, but when he learned that Yuanyuan had been robbed, he rushed to the top of the army and was angry. "Ming history · bandits" said: "at the beginning, Sangui was ordered to enter Shanhaiguan, but the capital was trapped and hesitated to enter. When he came to luanzhou, he heard that Chen Yuan, his concubine, had been robbed by Liu Zongmin. He was very angry. He returned to the mountains and broke the general. When he became angry, his relatives had more than 100000 thieves. He took Wu Xiang to the army and attacked Shanhai Pass in the East, so that he could not cross the pass from a piece of stone. Three GUIs are afraid and beg to surrender to me. "

Under the attack of Wu Sangui's headquarters and the Qing army, Li Zicheng's peasant army suffered heavy losses and fled Beijing in a hurry, abandoning all the supplies and women he had plundered. Wu Sangui found Chen Yuanyuan in the war, and the camp was reunited. Since then, Chen Yuanyuan has been following Wu Sangui to fight. After Wu Sangui pacified Yunnan, Yuanyuan entered Wu Sangui's Pingxi palace, and once "favored the crown of the harem" (shimeici Ji).

All flowers fall

After Wu Sangui dominated Yunnan Province, he was full of ambition, extravagance and song and dance. In order to construct Anfu garden, there are 40 people who buy Wu Ling's 15 years old (a chronicle of the Jiashen Dynasty), and there are also 40 people who buy Wu Ling's 15 years old. Chen Yuanyuan's aging, disharmony with Wu Sangui's wife, and Wu Sangui's other favorite concubines made him increasingly out of favor, so he left the palace and went on to say, "clothe oneself with food and vegetables, and worship Buddha to finish his life" (Essays of Tianxiang Pavilion). From then on, a generation of red make-up fell to the end of luxury and returned to loneliness.

Related works

Yuan Yuan Qu by Wu Weiye

Character evaluation

Overall evaluation

Although Chen Yuanyuan is far less heroic than liang Hongyu, she has fallen in love with Wu Sangui, Liu Zongmin, Dashun Dynasty and countless men many years later. If Wu Sangui did not surrender to duoergun, the Manchus would enter the pass at least several decades later. Therefore, Chen Yuanyuan changed history by influencing others with her personal charm. In the following days, Wu Sangui, who was known as a national thief, took Chen Yuanyuan as his spiritual pillar, crossed the Yellow River from Shanxi, entered Tongguan, conquered Xi'an, Pingli Chuang, settled Yunnan, and drove Yongli. He made a great contribution to the unification of China by the Qing Dynasty.

Celebrity Reviews

Lu Ciyun said in praise: "the sound of the world's sound, color of the world's color." (Biography of Chen Yuanyuan)

Wu Sangui said, "a man can't protect a woman. What's his face?" (Liu Jian's record of court News)

Maobijiang once said: "women are mainly qualified, followed by color. It's hard to choose women who are busy with their temples. It's delicate and natural. What I've seen in my life is that it's round and round. " (the memory of Yingmei nunnery)

Feixiang said that "he is graceful and graceful. He wears pepper cocoons and looks at his skirt like a lonely Phoenix in the smoke." watching Chen Yuanyuan perform the story of red plum in Yiyang tune, he was fascinated by his acting skills: "it's said to perform the opera of red plum in Yiyang tune. It's a play of Yan custom. It's a play of Chen Ji's body and mouth. It's like a cloud coming out of Xiu. It's like a pearl platter. It makes people want to be immortal and die." (the memory of Yingmei nunnery)

Zou Shu said that she "performed in the west chamber, playing the role of Tiedan and Hongniang. Her body was very graceful, and she was skillful in expressing the emotions of Xiao temple at that time." (Chen Yuan in Shi Mei CI Ji)

Commemoration of later generations

Chen Yuanyuan's stone tablet was first built beside the old railway line of Lianhua old fellow, and the sun and rain had been vicissitudes for a long time. During the first cultural relics survey in 1982, cultural relics workers found the lost stele in a workshop of Kunming fire equipment factory, and it was stored in the Cultural Park of West Temple Tower in Dongsi street by Wuhua District Cultural Center.

Artistic image

Film and television image

Literary image

In Jin Yong's Lu Ding Ji, Chen Yuanyuan becomes Wu Sangui's concubine, but he and Li Zicheng give birth to a daughter, a Ke. Later, Aker became one of Trinket's wives.

Chinese PinYin : Chen Yuan Yuan