Yuan Jiagu

Yuan Jiagu

Yuan Jiagu (1872-1937) was a native of Shiping, Yunnan Province. He was named Shupu in his later years. Yuan Jiagu has been teaching at Yunda for more than ten years and is a cultural celebrity in Yunnan. Yunnan is the unique number one scholar in China. Yuan Jiagu's character, created by himself, is known as "Yuan Jiashu". From the number one scholar in the feudal dynasty to the professor in the modern university, Yuan Jiagu is the only person in the world.

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In 1891, Yuan Jiagu left Shiping for Kunming to study in Chen zipan and Zhang zhuxuan. At the age of 22, he studied in Jingzheng Academy.

In June 1903, he was the only number one scholar in Yunnan Province. He ranked seventh in the second grade and one in the second grade in the special economic examination.

In July 1904, Yuan Jiagu went to Japan to study academic affairs and government affairs, and wrote four volumes of diary of traveling to the East.

In August 1905, when he returned to China, he served as assistant editor of the National Museum of history, and was in charge of teaching, research and books in the Department of translation and library.

In September 1909, he was promoted to the post of Zhejiang tixue envoy.

In 1911, the revolution of 1911 left Zhejiang and returned to Yunnan.

In May 1912, he was appointed a provincial Senator by Cai E.

In 1915, he was appointed as a consultant by Tang Jiyao and compiled Yunnan series.

Character's former residence

Yuan Jiagu's former residence is located in Nanzheng street, Yilong Town, Shiping County. The former residence is a wooden structure building in Qing Dynasty, facing east from west. There is a passage through the gate of the former residence, with a patio in the middle and ears on the left and right. From the southwest channel into a building, for Yuan's childhood library.

The former residence was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan Province in 1993.

Yuan Jiagu's hometown, Shiping, is located in the south of Yunnan Province. Since the Yuan Dynasty, there have been a lot of talents among the people because of the emphasis on education and culture. In the Qing Dynasty, there was the title of "famous literature state", which was known as "unparalleled mountains and rivers in the East and the first state of literature in southern Yunnan". In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 65 scholars, 15 scholars, 1 economic scholar, 11 military scholars and 640 civil and military examinees. The highest academic title of Yunnan made up for the gap of "Yunnan No. 1 scholar" To count, Yunnan is second only to Kunming and Dali. As the folk saying goes: "when the sand reaches xiaojiahai, the imperial scholars are all over the street", "five steps and three scholars are all over the street, two imperial scholars are all over the door", "all the people walk all over the street, and every scholar has his own family". At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination was stopped and schools were established. Among them, 12 studied in Japan, 6 in the United States and 1 in France.

Life of the characters

Yuan Jiagu (1872-1937) was born in Shiping on July 12, 1872. At the age of 21, he went to Kunming to take the examination, at the age of 22, he took the subject examination, at the age of 23, he took the Yougong examination, and at the age of 23, he took the local examination. He was often ranked first, and was respected as the "king of class (examination) by his classmates. At the age of 26, he failed to take the exam in Beijing and returned home indignantly. He said, "my husband will not be imprisoned and cry." since then, he has been in hospital for five years and said, "I have benefited from this all my life.". At the age of 31, he took the exam again, ranked 62nd in the second class, and entered the Imperial Academy to teach and edit. Soon after, the Qing government opened the special subject of "economy (managing the world and helping the people)", and Yuan Jiagu was recommended by Wei Guangtao, the Secretary of state.

There were two examinations for the special subjects of economy. First of all, Yuan Jiagu examined the theory of strategy and current affairs. He wrote an article about the conclusion he had learned in his life and thought about in his daily life. The full text was more than 5000 words. He had brilliant opinions and fluent literary and logical skills. He was also a good word of Wang Ou confluence, which won the appreciation of the examiners. After the publication of the list, Yuan Jiagu ranked first, and was commonly known as the number one scholar. This was in the 29th year of Guangxu (1904 A.D.).

Guangxu donghualu Volume 4: "read the house notes, there is a purpose to open economic special branch, ten years at one stroke.". In the past 20 years or so, there are six goals: one is internal affairs, the other is foreign affairs, the third is financial management, the fourth is economic and military affairs, the fifth is Zhige, and the sixth is kaogong. "

When the revolution of 1911 was successful and the Qing Dynasty was destroyed, many people who regarded themselves as the relic of the Qing Dynasty committed suicide in order to be loyal. However, Yuan Jiagu, the number one scholar in Yunnan, who was a member of the Qing Dynasty, complied with the trend and did not act foolishly. Some people once criticized him: "Zhang Gong (Zhang zhuxuan, Yuan's father-in-law, committed suicide in order to be loyal to the Qing Dynasty) died for a petty official of Guangwen. As a prominent official, he neither died for the Qing Dynasty nor praised those who died for the Qing Dynasty ？” Yuan Jiagu replied, "people go their own way, and their hearts are at ease.". Since then, Yuan Jiagu has been lonely, living in seclusion in the countryside and writing.

Achievements and contributions

In 1903, the Qing government conducted the only special economic examination in history after abolishing the imperial examination. It is understood that the examination of special economic subjects is different from the general imperial examination. It is not good at stereotyped writing, but focuses on the strategies of managing the world and the people and governing the country, and pays more attention to learning for practical use. In the Qing Dynasty, there were only three special examinations (the other two were for erudite and Hongci). This time, there were also people who had already obtained the status of number one scholar. Therefore, the status of economic special scholar should be higher than that of ordinary number one scholar.

Unexpectedly, Yuan Jiagu, a native of Shiping, Yunnan Province, won the first place in the economic specialty among the 306 candidates in the national examination. He was the "economic special yuan" and made up for the gap of "Yunnan No.1 scholar". In the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Jiagu was praised as "the third person of the state" and "the unique number one scholar" by the people.

When the news spread to Yunnan, Kunming people changed the name of Jukui building on Tuodong road to Zhuangyuan building. Wei Wuzhuang, the governor of Yunnan Province, wrote a congratulatory letter to "Da Kui world". In 1999, Yuan Jiagu's hometown Shiping County rebuilt the Zhuangyuan building in the same way as Kunming Zhuangyuan building.

In Yunnan, Yuan Jiagu is the unique number one scholar in history. The news has caused a sensation in all directions. A "Jukui tower" has been built in Kunming, with a plaque "Dakui Tianxia" written by governor Wei Wuzhuang. The common people only call it "number one scholar tower". When Yuan Jiagu returned to Yunnan and ascended the number one yuanlou, he was on the rise of movies and made a documentary for his memory. After Yuan Jiagu became the number one scholar, he first served as a capital official, and then as an editor and assistant in the Imperial Academy.

Yuan Jiagu was the first person in charge of compiling textbooks for primary and secondary schools in the history of primary and secondary education. The terms "Zhou" and "Yuege", which are still commonly used, were newly defined by Yuan Jiagu at that time.

Related events

In 1917, he was self-sufficient. After Yuan Zhong became the number one scholar, the title of the book doubled, and the book seekers went as far as Beijing, Zhejiang and Japan. Although yuan was known as "selling words", he was open-minded. As long as someone came to ask him, no matter he was young or old, he would give him a gift. Yuan Jiagu's calligraphy and ink are found in Cuihu, Daguanlou, Xishan, Heilongtan and other scenic spots in Kunming.

In 1921, Yuan Jiagu was appointed director of Yunnan Provincial Library. In his later years, he built a garden named "tree garden" and built a small pavilion named "kejing Pavilion" and planted some flowers and vegetables to please the eyes. The more narrow the garden is, the more comfortable the heart is; the more narrow the garden is, the more peaceful the body is. In his later years, he collected and collated the local literature of Yunnan. At that time, on the South Bank of the great Dianchi Lake, a "mahazhi stele" was found in Kunyang Yueshan. He identified it as a tombstone erected by Zheng He, a navigator of the Ming Dynasty, for his father in his hometown. It is recorded in the history of Ming Dynasty that Zheng He was born in Yunnan, but he did not know where he was born. After this textual research, he made a monument and proposed the local government to build pavilions for protection. Only then did the world know Zheng He's hometown and that Yunnan had produced such a great navigator.

In 1922, the first university in Yunnan_ Private Donglu University (the predecessor of Yunnan University) was founded. The next year, Yuan Jiagu was appointed as professor of Chinese. Yuan Jiagu was originally employed by a large amount of money. However, he learned that the University's funds were very tight, so he refused to accept the salary and donated 1000 yuan to the University. It was not until eight years later (1931), when Donglu University was changed from private to provincial, that he began to receive salary. Yuan Jiagu is erudite and approachable. He has a high reputation in Donglu University. He teaches two Chinese classes a week. The classroom is set up in Zhigong hall, and every class is always full. In addition to the students and some teachers of the school, there are many people outside the school. Yuan Jiagu has been teaching for more than ten years and has trained hundreds of people, many of whom have achieved great success, such as Li Shihou, Li Qiao, Pu Guangzong, Zhang Xilu, etc.

Education and Book Collection

In the first year of Xuantong (1909), he was the director of the Bureau of Book Compilation in Beijing. At that time, a part of Dunhuang manuscripts, which had been transported to Hanoi, was taken to Beijing for mounting, and an exhibition was held in Liuguo hotel. He went to visit with Luo Zhenyu, Wang Guowei, Wang Renjun and others. When he saw shazhouzhi and Laozi huahujing, he discussed with his colleagues and thought that they were "really rare treasures". He immediately reported to Yan fansun, the Minister of the Ministry of education, and proposed solutions According to the opinion, the Ministry of education sent an urgent telegram to the governor of Dunhuang, Gansu Province: "every word in the cave should be sent to Beijing, and it should not be lost again." A large number of ancient Dunhuang Cultural Relics rubbings stolen and transported to Xi'an for sale are prohibited from trading. Thousands of volumes of ancient books have been recovered in time and taken over by the Ministry of education.

After entering the Republic of China, he served as an adviser to the State Council of Beijing government, a member of Parliament, and a salt transportation envoy of Yunnan. He was appointed deputy director of Yunnan Library in 1919. He claimed that he had "Book Lust". He had searched the local literature in Yunnan, compiled and engraved "Yunnan series" with Li Genyuan. There were 152 kinds of books in the first edition and 53 kinds in the second edition. The chief editor of "Yunnan literature series" mainly spread Yunnan literature. He once compiled the documents about Dian people in Sikuquanshu in Wenlan Pavilion, such as Xie Zhaohe's Dian Lue and Mu Ang's canghaiyizhu. Deeply aware of the importance of national education, he said: "the earth is vast, and there are so many living beings. They are not intelligent, they are not intelligent, they are not books, they are not for learning, they are ancient and modern, they are Chinese and foreign." He once founded "Shiping library", focusing on promoting the improvement of national quality. When working in Yunnan library, he presided over the compilation of two volumes of book catalogue of Yunnan library.

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Yuan Jiagu is famous for his patriotism.

Chinese PinYin : Yuan Jia Gu