Wang Shiwei

Wang Shiwei

Wang Shiwei (1906-1947, July 1), formerly known as Shiwei, has pen names of Shiwei, Shuhan and Shiwei. He is from Huangchuan, Henan Province. As a translator, he has also written some literary comments and essays. He was a special researcher in the literature and Art Research Office of Yan'an Academia Sinica. He was criticized in the rectification movement in 1942 for publishing "wild lily" and other articles. In October of the same year, he was expelled from the party and imprisoned at the end of the year. In 1946, he was designated as a "traitor of the counter revolutionary Trotskyist". In July 1947, he was executed in a war environment. According to the investigation, the fact that he was a secret agent or spy of the Kuomintang could not be established. On the issue of anti revolutionary Trotskyist spies, on February 7, 1991, the Ministry of Public Security said in the decision on reexamination of the Trotskyist issue of Comrade Wang Shiwei that "during the reexamination, no material was found about Comrade Wang Shiwei's participation in the Trotskyist organization. Therefore, in 1946, the conclusion that Wang was designated as a "spy of the counter revolutionary Trotskyist" was corrected, and Wang was wrongly executed in the war environment, and was vindicated. "

Life of the characters

Wang Shiwei was born in 1906 in Huangchuan County, Henan Province. He lost his mother at the age of 4, went to primary school at the age of 6, graduated from primary school at the age of 13 (seven-year primary school system at that time), and graduated from middle school at the age of 17 (Four-year secondary school system). From primary school to middle school, he has been at the top of the list in academic performance. Influenced by his father, he has a good command of ancient Chinese prose. His teacher once praised him as "a jade Unicorn from heaven".

When Wang Shiwei was 17 years old (1923), he was admitted to Henan preparatory school for studying in Europe and America. One year later, because of the economic pressure, he was admitted to the postal service. Another year later (1925), he was admitted to the preparatory course of the school of Arts of Peking University. At the end of the year, he published the epistolary novel rest, which said: "our youth's mission is to use our strength to destroy all the dark caves, use our blood to extinguish all the evil fires, save the motherland in danger, and transform the dirty society It's the only goal and responsibility. "

In 1927, Li Anfen joined the political organization of the Communist Party of China, and soon left because he was introduced by the Communist Party of China. In 1930, he married Liu Ying, Li Fen's comrade in arms, in Shanghai. He has been in exile for many years, dissatisfied with the authorities and worried about current affairs. He arrived in Yan'an alone in October 1937.

Wang Shiwei specializes in translating the original works of Marx, Engels and Lenin in Yan'an. In the past four years, he has translated nearly two million words of theoretical manuscripts alone or in cooperation with others. Wang Shiwei's allowance was four and a half yuan, half yuan more than Lin Boqu, then chairman of the border region, and half yuan less than Mao. In my work, I didn't agree with Chen Boda. In Yan'an, Wang Shiwei had a brief marriage with Bo Ping, a former student of Kaifeng girls' middle school. Wang Shiwei is outspoken in criticizing the personnel he doesn't like, which offends a lot of people. Lu Yuan and Wen Kang had different factions that praised the light and exposed the dark. The rectification movement started in 1941 because Ding Ling, Xiao Jun, Wang Shiwei, Ai Qing and others set off a wave of exposing the dark.

In March 1942, Wang Shiwei successively published two articles, politicians, artists and wild lilies. He believed that "exposing and cleaning work is not only negative, because darkness disappears and light grows naturally." At that time, he had expected that such articles would be used by the KMT, but he said, "enemy" I hope that we will avoid medical treatment and expand the darkness. " At that time, it formed a huge social trend of thought, and formed a very disharmonious collision with the warm atmosphere of the times in Yan'an.

Mao himself pointed out: "this is Wang Shiwei in charge, not Marxism." At the summary meeting of senior cadres of the rectification movement: "Ding Ling is a comrade, Wang Shiwei is a Trotskyist." On another occasion, "there is an article in the wild lily." Later, at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1945, Mao said: "he (referring to Wang Shiwei) was the commander in chief. We were defeated. We admitted that we had lost the battle, so we made a good rectification. " Since June 1942, Wang Shiwei's criticism of Trotskyist school has been on the rise. Kangsheng's intervention made the incident turn into a worse political event. Later, he was designated as a Trotskyist, and together with the other four members of the Yan'an Central Research Institute and the Central Political Research Office, he was beaten into a "five member anti Party group". He was expelled from the party in 1942. He was arrested and held in 1943. He was arrested by Kang Sheng on April 1, 1943. In 1946, he was reexamined and concluded that he was a "counterrevolutionary Trojan spy".

In March 1947, when the Yan'an security war began, Wang Shiwei was transferred to a detention center of the Jinsui Public Security Bureau on the outskirts of Xingxian county. Soon after, the place was bombed by the Kuomintang, and the detention house needed to be transferred. Before leaving, General Wang Zhen asked for instructions on how to deal with Wang Shiwei. He personally approved and instructed Wang Shiwei to be secretly executed on the spot.

On the night of July 1, the interrogation division of Jinsui Public Security Bureau proposed that Wang Shiwei should be buried in a dry well after being cut and killed. He was 41 years old.

On January 30, 1962, Mao Zedong said at the enlarged central working conference (7000 people's Congress), "there is also Wang Shiwei, a hidden Kuomintang spy. When he was in Yan'an, he wrote an article entitled "wild lily", which attacked the revolution and slandered the Communist Party, then arrested him and killed him. It was the security organs who killed themselves during the March, not the decision of the central government. We are always critical of this matter and think that it should not be killed. When he is a spy, he writes articles and scolds us, but he refuses to change. Just leave him there and let him work. It's not good to kill him. "

Liu Ying, a classmate and wife of Peking University, has no exact information about Wang Shiwei. She has been looking forward to the reunion of her family.

In 1978, Liu Ying learned from the radio that Wang Shiwei was executed in 1947 as a member of the anti Party group, a Kuomintang spy and a trooper. Liu Ying was seventy-two years old at that time. She firmly affirmed that this was a political frame up and a man-made eternal injustice. In the summer of 1983, he went to Beijing alone to appeal. In 1984, Li Weihan, the then insider, died and entrusted Wang Shiwei's vindication to Wen Jize, who worked with Wang. In 1986, through the layers of gauze screen, Wang Shiwei's head was only left with a Trotskyist hat.

On February 7, 1991, the Ministry of public security finally made the "decision on reexamination of Wang Shiwei's troika", denying that Wang Shiwei had participated in the troika organization. This is the final vindication of Wang Shiwei's unjust case.

At the same time, there are many historical facts and studies show that Wang Shiwei's wild lily was used by the Kuomintang after his cruel criticism.

Miserable life

Guilty of writing

In March 1942, in Yan'an, Wang Shiwei, a translator of Marxist Leninist works and a special researcher of the Chinese literature and Art Research Office of Academia Sinica, published an essay "wild lily" in the literature and art supplement of Jiefang Daily, an organ newspaper of the CPC Central Committee. In the essay, he recalled his female classmate Li Fen in Peking University who had made a heroic sacrifice when she returned to Shaoyang, Hunan Province to engage in the party's underground activities We have drawn strength from Comrade Li Fen's shadow more than ten or twenty times. " Then, it is divided into four parts to comment and criticize his dissatisfaction.

After Mao Zedong read "wild lily" in the newspaper, Tuohu Qiaomu told Wang Shiwei that this article was from an incorrect standpoint, which was the viewpoint of absolute equalitarianism and the method of sneering at hidden arrows The article is full of hostility to the leaders and the emotion of provoking ordinary comrades to attack. As long as they are party members, this is not allowed.

What's more, the KMT and the national government used Wang Shiwei's articles to compile a pamphlet about wild lily and others, which was distributed everywhere as a political "crusade" against the Communist Party of China.. According to the note in the pamphlet, "the Communist Party of China Praise Yan'an as the holy land of revolution However In Northern Shaanxi, corruption, corruption, the line of the chief and the coaxing of factions have greatly disappointed the young people who ran to northern Shaanxi for the purpose of resisting Japan, and made many old Communists feel sad about their future. " The KMT's imperial scholars also published a special issue entitled "the darkness of Yan'an from the perspective of wild lily".

At that time, the Academia Sinica was the place to train the party's senior theoretical cadres. As a special researcher of the Academy, Wang Shiwei's ideas in "wild lily" caused great confusion in the party, and also got the sympathy of many young intellectuals who came to Yan'an not long ago.

In order to eliminate the adverse effects and put the Yanan rectification movement on the right track, the Academia Sinica has held a forum on "the party's democracy and discipline" since May 27.

Kang Sheng was the Minister of the Social Department of the CPC Central Committee at that time. During the rectification movement, the Central Committee set up a general learning committee to guide the rectification movement. Kang Sheng is the deputy director of the general academic committee, and the director is Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong made great efforts every day and said to Kang Sheng, "the actual work of the general academic committee is up to you."

The forum lasted for 16 days. In the first four days, Wang Shiwei was criticized and helped as an ideological mistake. However, under the guidance of Kang Sheng, the forum soon became Wang Shiwei's struggle meeting. On the fifth day, it escalated into a political issue; on the sixth day, it was revealed that he said that "some of the Trotskyist theories are correct", "Stalin's human nature is not lovely", "the Communist International should be responsible for the failure of the Chinese revolution". Others said that he had contacts with Trotskyists in Shanghai in 1930 and helped them translate two chapters of trotskyi's autobiography. Three days later, Wang Shiwei was called "Trotskyist" at the meeting.

What about Wang Shiwei's attitude? Although he was criticized at the meeting and the Party committee sent people to talk heart to heart after the meeting, he refused to reflect.

At this time, someone gave evidence and Cheng Quan and Wang Li went to Academia Sinica together

Chinese PinYin : Wang Shi Wei