Su Guo

Su Guo

Su Guo (1072-1123) was a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Shudang, a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now in Meishan, Sichuan). Su Shi's third son was called Xiaopo at that time. In the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091), Emperor zhezong of the Song Dynasty, he was tested by the Ministry of rites, but failed to do so. In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Shi was relegated to Huizhou. In the fourth year, he was relegated to Danzhou. Yuan Fu three years (1100), with his father north. After the death of Shi, he lived in Yingchang (now Xuchang, Henan Province) according to his uncle Su Ruo. He lived in several mu of shady land of Yinghu lake, named xiaoxiechuan. Huizongzheng and two years (1112), supervision of Taiyuan tax. Five years later, zhiyancheng. In the fifth year of Xuanhe, he was sentenced to death in Dingzhou. Su Guo died and was buried in Jiaxian County, Henan Province.

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Su Guo (1072-1123), the third son of Su Shi, was named shudang and xiechuan. He was born in Hangzhou in 1072. He studied in Huangzhou from Chaogu at the age of 12. He was elected at the age of 19 and came to Huizhou with his father at the age of 23. When he built a room in baihefeng, Su Guo was responsible for the construction. After the death of Wang Chaoyun, Su Shi's diet and taking should meet the needs of his life, which were all undertaken by Su Guo. During the reign of Yuan Fu, he served Su Shichang as a soldier. After Su Shi died of illness, Su Guo's brother Fu Ling coffin was buried in Jiacheng, Ruzhou. The next autumn, Su Guo established his family in Yingchang. In Huyin, we manage several mu of water bamboo, which is called "xiaoxiechuan" and "xiechuan Jushi". In the next 10 years, he lived a hard-working and impoverished life. In 1112 (the second year of Zhenghe of Song Dynasty), he was the tax supervisor of Taiyuan government, and in 1116 (the sixth year of Zhenghe of Song Dynasty), he was the county magistrate of Yancheng. After 1120 (the second year of Xuanhe), he lived in Yingchang. In the summer of 1123 (the fifth year of Xuanhe period), Quan Zhongshan government passed the judgment. In December, he went to Zhenyang and died of an emergency. Su Guo was most influenced by Su Shi's time and harmony. Among his three brothers, he has the highest literary achievement and is known as "Xiao Dongpo". He has 20 volumes of xiechuan collection. He wrote some famous essays in Huizhou, such as Hurricane Fu and sizitai Fu. He also often painted pictures of dead wood, bamboo and stone. Su Shi said that he "created a new idea to make landscape".

Life of the characters

Most of Su's childhood was spent in frequent migration with his father's official career. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi moved to Huzhou, and soon the famous Wutai poetry case happened. Su Shi was arrested at the end of July and detained in Bianjing in mid August. This year, Su guonian was only seven years old. His eldest brother Su Mai went to the capital with his father to take care of his father, while he stayed with his second brother Su Fu beside his mother in Huzhou.

His father's suffering from injustice, people's discriminative eyes, and the indifferent attitude of relatives and friends made the young Su Guo suffer a heavy spiritual blow, and feel the danger of official career and the coldness of human nature. A few months later, his father was released and relegated to Huangzhou. In Huangzhou, his father's meager salary was difficult to support his family. In addition, his living environment was not good. He even had to rely on Su Shi to plant vegetables in the field to subsidize and support his family. Su Guo and his family were often short of food and clothing in his childhood, which cultivated his character and philosophy of life of being indifferent to peace and being content with poverty.

In 1086, after the death of emperor Xifeng, the emperor chuining set up a new emperor. His father was also transferred to the capital. He first served as a scholar of the Chinese Academy, and then promoted to the position of academician, zhizhigao, etc. Uncle Su Zhe also held an important position in Beijing. Su Guo later wrote in the poem "cherishing brothers on a winter night" in memory of the life in the capital: "in memory of the past, I lived in Daliang and married CI Ming Lu together. There are only six people in the morning window and three drums in the night. " He got up early and went to bed late together with his uncles and brothers, reading and writing together. However, this rare stable and happy life in childhood lasted only four years, and had to be interrupted because his father was forced to leave Beijing to Hangzhou because of the suppression of political enemies.

His father, Su Shi, suffered a lot in his life. He suffered a lot from sectarian struggle and literary inquisition. He has a high reputation, a wide range of friends, and many disciples, so his political opponents will not let him go easily. After the Wutai poem case, he was in danger for many times and was demoted again and again until Huizong died in the first year of Jingguo (1101). Su Guo always accompanied his relegated father to travel a long distance, even to the wilderness. He took good care of his father's daily life, listened to his father's instruction, and comforted his father's painful heart, so he was often praised by Su Shi.

In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), when Su Guo first came to Huizhou, Guangdong Province with his father, he wrote a poem called "travel to Luofu Mountain with adults": "don't be surprised at the end of the sea. Fortunately, there are five mu of farmland at the foot of the mountain. Life is not empty words, big toon solid already sad old Peng. The abbot of Penglai is very close now. Which is more important. Jiemao is willing to be a friend of the elk, but he doesn't want to sit down to be ferocious. " The poem is full of consolation to his wronged father. In the hard life of farming and reading, as long as he has success in learning Taoism, his wealth and wealth are regarded as "bare shoes" and "exposed electricity". It just shows Su Guo's broad-minded thought that he was willing to be indifferent and did not seek wealth. The three-year exile in Huizhou was very hard for the Su family and his son. In these years, Su mainly lived the farming and studying life of supporting his father. Su Shi has a poem: "children plough and raise, leisure for books around." He also wrote a poem praising it, saying that Su Guo had a wonderful ambition, and that his writing style of Lingyun Fu was like Lisao.

In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), Su Shi was demoted to daner County, Hainan Island. Su Guo left his wife and children in Baihe new house in Huizhou to live with his brother and sister-in-law, carrying books with his father alone. In Danzhou, Hainan Province, he lived together with Li people who had no language and different customs. During his three years in Hainan, Su Guo not only took care of his father's daily life, but also read and wrote as he did in Huizhou under the guidance of Dongpo. What is more valuable is that he paid attention to observe the local social life, understood the sufferings of the people, and wrote many poems reflecting the real life. For example, his poem huaihuixu brothers describes the local customs of Hainan, and especially mentions the friendship with the local people: "coconut wine is white, silver skin is amber red. He is a ferocious and drunk man, but he is a neighbor. Every man gives away taro, and every day is rich. Miasma collected in Li Mu Valley, exposed into the chrysanthemum cluster. Sea dans, clams, and garden slaves feed on leeks. Betel nut drinks instead of tea, and Jibei resists frost wind... " In the seventh year of Linghai, Su Shi and his son took reading, writing and singing as their greatest pleasure in life, which is also their most important spiritual sustenance. Su Shi in Hainan "alone with his young son, writing books for fun.". "Eating taro and drinking water is a pleasure to write books." Su Guo wrote Zhi Yin in Dan, which was highly praised by Su Shi. When he was 45 years old, he wrote the postscript of Zhiyin, saying that Zhiyin was the work of jieji and Binxi. "Xiren" refers to Yang Xiong and Ban Gu. It can be seen that all the people Su's father and son worked for were culturally self-conscious and engaged in writing. During the Linghai period, young Su Guo kept on studying. Su Shi's "with Xu Dezhi" said: "the son is too much, after sleep, do not know the tube, also quite mechanical progress.". He also quoted Tao Yuanming's yuan Tian Ju Shi as saying: "when I lie down, I feel that I have heard my son recite six Yuan Ming's yuan Tian Ju Shi, which is the second rhyme.". Reading and harmonizing Tao's poems is a great pleasure for Su Shi's father and son to live in exile. He also wrote with Cheng Xiucai: "my son came here (Dan) to copy the book of the Tang Dynasty, and borrowed the book of the former Han Dynasty to copy. If you read these two books, you will be rich and poor. " Su Guo's "borrowing books" also describes the form of guest host question and answer, revealing the theme of ending the old in Hainan and not trying to become an official. This matter: "borrowing books is like borrowing farmland. It depends on years.". I'm afraid of losing the earth's strength. How dare I? Defecation five abdominal, three winter good can continue. If you feel guilty, you will die without ridicule. ". Reading and copying the whole book shows his diligence. From his notes, such as Shutian buzhuan Hou, Shuzhou Yafu Zhuan Hou, Xiaohe Lun, jijiaozhi jinyishou, Shuer lizhuan Hou, Duchu Yu, Shuzhang Qian Zhuan Hou, dongjiaomen Zhen and so on, we can know his profound reading. He was banished to a wild land and studied so hard that he knew why culture was so popular in Sumen. According to Zhu Bian's old news of qu'an, Su Guo read the history of the south, and Dongpo lay down and listened to it, because he discussed the principle that dung is superior and inferior because of people. This should also be the case of judan. Su Shi's book with the elder's nephew and grandson says: "overseas is also a rough book, LIULANG does not abandon learning.". According to Su Guo's epitaph, Su Shi ordered to write another biography of Confucius' disciples, which shows that Su Shi was relegated to teach his son. The Fu Zhi Yin, written by Su Guo the year after he came to Hainan, reveals the theme of ending his life in Hainan and not seeking to become an official. The author describes the bad environment of Hainan by pretending to be a guest. He persuades the host to try his best to be an official when he is young and promising. But the host listed the difficulties and dangers of his official career and tried his best to depict Hainan's beautiful mountains and rivers, rich in natural resources and honest people. It is not difficult to see that Su Guo, like his father, has fallen in love with the beautiful and rich Hainan Island. As Su Shi said in his poem, "Hainan is my hometown forever."!

In the third year of Yuanfu (1100), Su Shi was pardoned and returned to the north. In June of the next year, his father and son returned to Changzhou. After more than a month's return, his father passed away. Naturally, Su Guo's brother was in great pain. The next year, Su Guo brothers moved their father to xiaoemei mountain in Jiacheng County, Ruzhou (now Linru in Henan Province). Su Shi's last words said, "if you love Jiashan mountain, you will have a final ambition.". He chose little Emei as his burial ground mainly because it was like his hometown Emei. In order to guard his father's tomb, Su Guo moved to Ruzhou and lived there for a long time. After Su's father's death, he could have been promoted to be an official again. However, Cai Jing was in power at that time, and Yuan you's sons were not allowed to work in the capital. Even though he had great talent, he was not used by the imperial court. Later, although at the age of 41, he was a tax supervisor of Taiyuan government; at the age of 45, he was a magistrate of Yingchang Prefecture and Yancheng County, and was eventually dismissed because of the party ban

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