Zhao Chongguo

Zhao Chongguo

Zhao Chongguo (137-52 BC), wengsun, Han nationality, was originally a native of Shangying (now Tianshui, Gansu Province) in Longxi, and later moved to Jincheng lingju (now Yongdeng, Lanzhou, Gansu Province). A famous general of the Western Han Dynasty.

Zhao Chongguo was brave and resourceful, familiar with the habits of Xiongnu and Diqiang. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Li Guangli, the general of the second division, attacked the Xiongnu and led a hundred strong men to break through the encirclement. He was worshipped as Zhonglang. He served successively as the commander of the cavalry general, the commander of the grand general, the commander of Zhonglang, the commander of shuiheng, and the general of Hou. Qidu captured the Xiongnu and led the army to defeat him. After the death of emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, he and Huo Guang established Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty and granted the Marquis of the Han Dynasty. There are three kinds of Generals: general, general and Shaofu. In the first year of shenjue (61 B.C.), the Qiang people rebelled and started farming.

After he became an official in his later years, Zhao Chongguo often took part in discussing the issue of "four barbarians". In the second year of Ganlu (52 BC), Zhao Chongguo died in 1986. His posthumous title is Zhuang. He is one of the "eleven meritorious officials of Qilin Pavilion".

(source: Ding Shangde's post Han generals waiting for Zhao Chongguo)

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhao Chongguo was born in Shangying (now Tianshui, Gansu Province) in the west of Gansu Province. He was a knight at first. Later, as a son of a good family in six counties, he was good at riding and archery. When he was young, he liked the integrity of generals, studied the art of war, and was familiar with the affairs of the four barbarians.

In the fourth year of Yuanshou (119 BC), with the victory of Emperor Wu's third large-scale expedition to Xiongnu, the Han Dynasty immigrated 700000 people, living in the area from Shuofang in the east to Yongdeng County in the west, so as to strengthen the northern border defense. It was in this year that Zhao Chongguo's family moved to lingju County, Jincheng county.

cut a striking figure

In the second year of Tianhan Dynasty (99 BC), Zhao Chongguo, as a fake Sima, followed Li Guangli, general of the second division, to attack Xiongnu, and was heavily surrounded by the Xiongnu army. The Han Army ran out of food for several days, and many people were killed and injured. Zhao Chongguo and more than 100 strong men broke through the encirclement and captured the enemy. Li Guangli led the soldiers to follow him, and then they were able to break through. Zhao Chong Guo was injured in more than 20 places. Li Guangli told Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty about the situation. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Zhao Chong Guo to be called to the place where he was going. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty personally met with Zhao Chong Guo and visited him. He sighed and praised him. He was appointed Zhonglang and promoted him to be the commander-in-chief of cavalry.

When Han Zhao emperor was in rebellion, the tribe of Wudu county was rebellious, and Zhao Chongguo took the position of the general guard, as the commander of the general guard, to calm down the rebellion. He was promoted to Zhonglang, who led the army to the upper Valley County, and later returned to the imperial court as Wei Heng. Later, he led the army to attack Xiongnu and captured the king of Xiqi. He was promoted to general because of his meritorious service and served as the commander of shuiheng as usual.

Many meritorious deeds

In the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), Zhao Chongguo, together with general Huo Guang, decided to support emperor Xuandi Liu Xun as emperor, so he was named Marquis of Yingping.

During the Benshi period (73-70 BC), Zhao Chongguo served as a general of Pu class and led more than 30000 cavalry troops to enlist Xiongnu from Jiuquan. He was supposed to fight with Wusun against Huns in puleze. Wusun arrived first, but the Han Army didn't arrive. He led his troops to Houshan, killed hundreds of Huns and captured more than 7000 livestock. After returning to Korea, he served as a general and a major. Xiongnu launched more than 100000 cavalry to invade the Han border area. When they arrived at Fuxi Lushan, they were ready to invade and plunder. At this time, the Huns told the story after tichuqutang surrendered to the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty sent Zhao Chongguo to lead 40000 cavalry troops to the nine counties of Wuyuan, Shuofang, Yunzhong, Daijun, Yanmen, Dingxiang, Beiping, Shanggu and Yuyang. Hearing the news, the Huns led their troops back. In the Han Dynasty, the soldiers stopped.

At that time, yiqu'an, a senior official of Guanglu, went on a tour of the Qiang people's departments. The chieftain of Xianling said that he hoped to cross the river to the North Bank of Huangshui River at a certain time to find a place where the Han people did not farm and raise livestock. Yiqu Anguo reported the matter to Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty. Zhao Chong Guo impeached Yi Qu an Guo, who was ordered to send an envoy to commit the crime of disrespect. Since then, the Qiang people, by virtue of what they said before, violated the laws of the Han Dynasty and crossed the Huangshui River wantonly to invade the mainland, which the county officials could not stop.

able men tied down to a routine post

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< sub > the battle between Zhao Chong and Western Qiang

Yiqu'an, a senior official of Guanglu, sent an envoy to the Qiang nationality. The chieftain of Xianling tribe of the Qiang nationality told him that he would cross the Huangshui River to the north and raise livestock where the Han people did not farm. Yiqu Anguo reported the situation to the imperial court. Zhao Chongguo impeached Yiqu Anguo for dereliction of duty. From then on, the Qiang people crossed the Huangshui River without permission according to the previous words, which could not be forbidden by the local Prefects.

In the third year of Yuankang (63 BC), Xianling Qiang and more than 200 chieftains of the Qiang people broke their grudges, exchanged hostages and signed an alliance. After Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty knew this, he consulted Zhao Chongguo. Zhao Chongguo thought: "the reason why Qiang people are easy to be controlled is that each ministry has its own leader and often attacks each other, so they can't be unified. More than 30 years ago, when the Western Qiang people rebelled, they also lifted their hatred and entered into an alliance to attack lingju and compete with the Han people. It was only five or six years later that they were pacified. In the fifth year of Zhenghe, Feng Jian, the leader of the Han Dynasty, sent envoys to Xiongnu. Then the Xiongnu sent envoys to xiaoyueshi. It was said that the general of the second division of the Han Dynasty led more than 100000 people to surrender to Xiongnu. It was hard for Qiang people to serve in the Han Dynasty. Zhangye and Jiuquan were originally our places. The land is rich and beautiful, so we can attack and occupy them together. " From this we can see that the Huns want to unite with the Qiang people, is not a matter of life. Not long ago, the Huns were trapped in the West. When they heard that Wuhuan had come to defend the frontier fortress, they were afraid of the war. From the East, they sent envoys to Wei Li and Wei Xu countries many times, promising to give them men and women, mink clothes, in an attempt to alienate their friendly relations with the company. The plan didn't come true. I suspect that Bao Su sent envoys to the Qiang tribe to transport salt from the shayin area. After passing the question, he went to qiongshuisai and reached the vassal state in the south, where he united with the first zero. I'm afraid that the change of the Qiang people is not only that, but also that they will collude with other tribes. They should be prepared before things happen. "

More than a month later, the Qiang Marquis Langhe sent envoys to the Xiongnu to borrow troops and prepare to attack Shanshan and Dunhuang in order to cut off the communication between the Han Dynasty and the western regions. Zhao Chongguo thought: "Langhe, the tribe of xiaoyueshi, in the southwest of sunshine, is bound to be impossible to make such a plan alone. He suspects that the envoys of Xiongnu have arrived in the Qiang tribe, and they will break their hatred and enter into a covenant first. When the horse is fat in autumn, chaos is bound to happen. Envoys should be sent to inspect the frontier forces, make preparations in advance, and give orders to tell the Qiang tribes not to let them relieve their grievances, so as to find out their plots. " So the two prefectures (prime minister, censor) asked to send yiqu'an to zhuqiang to understand its trend. After the arrival of Yiqu Anguo, more than 30 leaders of Xianling tribe were called together and all of them were decapitated because they were all guilty of disobedience. More than 1000 people were killed in the war. So the Qiang tribes and Yang Yu, the Guiyi Qiang Marquis, were so frightened that they left the place, plundered other small tribes, invaded the Han frontier fortress, attacked the cities and killed the officials. Yiqu Anguo led 3000 cavalry to guard the Qiang people as a cavalry captain, and was attacked by the Qiang people. He led the troops to retreat to lingju and reported to Emperor Xuan. It was the spring of the first year of shenjue (61 BC).

At this time, Zhao Chongguo was over seventy years old. Emperor Xuan thought he was old. He sent the censor doctor Bingji to ask who could be the general. Zhao Chongguo confidently replied, "there is no better candidate than the old minister." Emperor Xuan sent people to ask, "can the general predict the current strength of the Qiang people and how many troops they plan to take?" Zhao Chongguo replied: "seeing is better than hearing. War is hard to imagine out of thin air. I want to go to Jincheng first, and then plan my attack strategy. " That is to say, the use of troops should not be far away from the battlefield Utopia, but should come to the front line to observe and then make countermeasures. He asked Emperor Xuan to give him the task, so there was no need to worry. Emperor Xuan agreed with a smile. When Zhao Chongguo arrived in Jincheng, he gathered 10000 cavalry to cross the Yellow River. He was afraid of being intercepted by the Qiang people, so he sent three small teams to cross the Yellow River on horseback at night. After crossing the Yellow River, he set up camp and set up an array. By dawn, it was all over. So all the big troops went through the transition in turn. More than a hundred cavalry of Qiang people came and appeared near the Han army. Zhao Chongguo said: "our troops have just crossed the river and are a little tired. We don't need to chase the Qiang cavalry. We need to attack the Qiang people with the goal of destroying them. There are only about 100 Qiang cavalry. We don't need to be greedy." Order the Han army not to attack. Send cavalry to Siwang gorge for sentry, knowing that there is no Qiang cavalry. At night, he led the Han Army up to Luodu mountain, summoned the school Sima of each unit, and said to them, "I know that the Qiang people are not good at using troops. If they send thousands of people to defend Siwang and Kaizhong, how can our army advance?" Zhao Chongguo's use of troops "often regards sending scouts to distant areas as an important matter. When marching, he must be prepared for battle, when stationed, he must repair solid barriers, be particularly careful, care for soldiers, plan first, and then go to war.". He came to Duwei's residence in the west of Jincheng, where he "feasted every day on the soldiers and soldiers, hoping to make contributions for him. The Qiang cavalry came to challenge many times, and Zhao Chongguo ordered them to stick to it instead of sending troops. The captured prisoners confessed that the leaders of the Qiang people complained to each other and said, "if you didn't rebel, now the emperor sent General Zhao to come here. Although he was 80 or 90 years old, he was still used. If we fight now, we will perish. Is that really good? " This shows that the Qiang people are afraid of Zhao's use of military, so there are internal contradictions. Zhao ang, son of Zhao Chongguo and right general of Cao Zhonglang, led a team to lingju. The Qiang soldiers sent out to cut off the grain road of the Han Army, and Zhao ang reported to Emperor Xuan. Emperor Xuan issued an imperial edict to search and arrest the Qiang soldiers in the mountains together with the captains of Xiaoqi and Jincheng.

At first, MI danger, the leader of Qiang tribe, sent his younger brother diaoku

Chinese PinYin : Zhao Chong Guo