Zhang Fakui

Zhang Fakui

Zhang Fakui (September 2, 1896 - March 10, 1980), also known as Yibin and named Xianghua, was born in Shixing County, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province. He is a Hakka of Han nationality, a military strategist, and a former honorary president of Hong Kong Chongzheng Association. He is the initiator of the Hakka Association living in Hong Kong. He was awarded the "blue sky and White Day Medal" (No. 149), the first batch of "Anti Japanese War Victory Medal" and the "Presidential Medal of freedom" of the United States.

In 1912, he was admitted to Guangdong Army primary school and participated in the Chinese League. In the winter of 1925, he served as the commander of the 12th division of the Fourth Army of the national revolutionary army. The following year, he took part in the northern expedition. In the battles of conquering tingsiqiao and Wuchang City, he was promoted to the commander of the Fourth Army known as the "Iron Army" for his meritorious service. In 1927, he served as commander in chief of the 11th army and general of the second front army.

During the Anti Japanese War, he successively served as the commander in chief of the group army, the commander in chief of the Corps, the commander in chief of the theater, and the commander of the front army. He led his troops to participate in the battles of Songhu, Wuhan, Kunlunguan, northern Guangdong, and Guiliu. On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, and Zhang Fakui was designated as the commander in chief of the South China theater. In October 1945, he was awarded the second rank General of the national revolutionary army. He is a famous Anti Japanese general and has the reputation of "Chinese iron general".

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he served as the director of the Guangzhou camp (later changed to Xingyuan) and a member of the Strategic Advisory Committee of the presidential palace in 1947. He served as commander in chief of the army of the Republic of China in March 1949, resigned in July and settled in Hong Kong until his death on March 10, 1980.

Life of the characters

Early experience

On July 25, 1896 (September 2, 1896), Zhang Fakui was born in ailing village, Qinghua Township, Shixing County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province. He entered a private school at the age of 8 and studied in a county primary school in the 33rd year of Guangxu. In the summer of the third year of Xuantong (1911), he went swimming with his classmate Li Jun, but Li drowned. He was afraid that he would be implicated and left Guangzhou. He first apprenticed to learn dyeing and weaving, and then joined the army. In 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), he was admitted to Guangdong Army primary school and joined the alliance. He was intelligent and eager to learn. In the second year of the Republic of China, he was among the top 3000 students with the article "on the joys and sorrows of Wu Qi's generals and soldiers" and was promoted to the Third Army Middle School of Wuchang.

The Northern Expedition

In 1916, Zhang Fakui graduated from the second military reserve School of Wuchang army, and returned to Guangdong army from platoon commander to brigade commander. In the winter of 1925, he served as the division commander of the 12th division of the Fourth Army of the national revolutionary army. The following year, he took part in the Northern Expedition and was promoted to the commander of the Fourth Army, known as the Iron Army, for his meritorious service in the capture of tingsiqiao and Wuchang City.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Zhang was admitted to Guangdong Army primary school and joined the alliance. In the second year of the Republic of China, he was promoted to Wuchang No.3 army middle school. In the fourth year of the Republic of China, he graduated and returned to Guangdong to take part in the second anti yuan battle. He once served as Sun Yat Sen's bodyguard. In the ninth year of the Republic of China, he went to Zhangzhou to "teach the Fujian Guangdong army" as the second lieutenant. In August, he fought with the GUI warlords and was promoted to the second lieutenant. The next year, he was sent to work in Guangdong Shimin soil factory. In the 9th year of the Republic of China, he went to Zhangzhou to serve as a lieutenant and adjutant. In August, in a battle with the GUI warlords, Fakui seized two new rifles from the enemy group and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and adjutant. Huizhou battle, as the commander of the death squads.

In 1922, he served as the commander of the Third Battalion of the guard regiment of the headquarters of the presidential palace. In June, Chen Jiongming defected, and Zhang Fakui led his troops to fight against the rebels in Wengyuan. Chen Jiongming sent Weng Shiliang, former principal of the Army primary school, to send a letter to FA Kui, saying: "the love between teachers and students, the heart of love is always the same, hope to come and go quickly, avoid regret.". FA kuixuan said: "the teacher's kindness is unforgettable, and I'm sorry that it's difficult to obey.". Refuse, resolutely rate Department retreat into Shixing immortal cave, according to the mountain against, for half a year. Therefore, it will be nicknamed "King". Later, Liang Hongkai, the commander of the first division of the Guangdong army, wrote to Zhang Xu to drive Chen away with his camera. Zhang then left the mountain to be the commander of the Third Battalion of the second regiment of the first division.

In February 1923, Sun Yat Sen returned to Guangzhou, and Zhang Fakui promoted Chen (Chen Jiongming) to head of the army.

In July 1925, the first division of the Guangdong army, together with the guard regiment of the former Grand Marshal Sun Yat Sen's mansion and the armored motorcade, became the Fourth Army of the national revolutionary army. During the eastern expedition, he encountered 20 times as many enemies as himself in hotang. He fought fiercely for one day. Finally, with the support of friendly forces, he finally defeated the enemy. In the southern expedition, he annihilated the Yin Department of Deng Ben and was promoted to the acting commander of the 12th division.

In July 1926, the national government vowed to launch the northern expedition. Zhang Fakui formally served as the commander of the 12th division, led his troops to march into Hunan, fought with the 10th division and the yeting independent regiment on the East Bank of the Xiangjiang River, conquered Liling and Pingjiang, and forced Wu Peifu's troops to retreat to Tingsi bridge. Tingsi bridge is surrounded by water on three sides and high mountain on the back. It is a rugged mountain road except Southwest railway bridge. After Wu Peifu's repeated defeats, he gathered 20000 troops from the northern army and took song Dayi as the commander. He wanted to be annihilated by the Fourth Army with the help of natural danger. Changxindian led his own troops to the south. On August 26, the fourth army launched an attack, and song Dafei led the Dagao team to supervise the battle. The two sides fought fiercely. At night, Zhang Fakui ordered the 36th regiment to cross the water to attack the enemy's rear and occupy the central position. At dawn the next day, Zhang led the 35th regiment and Ye Ting's independent regiment to fight bravely from the front. Many Communists of the independent League rushed across the iron bridge in bloody battles for hours. The Wu army was surrounded and disarmed by the enemy. The 12th division occupied Tingsi bridge. On the 30th, the fourth army conquered Hesheng bridge again and came close to Wuchang.

On October 10, the 15th year of the Republic of China, after the Northern Expedition army conquered Wuchang, Zhang Fakui led the 12th division to aid Jiangxi. In the first battle of mahuiling, he completely annihilated sun Chuanfang and Xie Hongxun's troops. Then he cooperated with the seventh army to conquer Jiujiang, Take Nanchang and return to Wuhan.

In January 1927, Zhang Fakui was promoted to commander of the Fourth Army. A shield of "Iron Army" was presented to the overseas Chinese gathering in Wuhan to commemorate the achievements of the Fourth Army. In March, Zhang Fakui also served as commander of the 11th army. In the middle of the second plenary session of the second Central Committee of the Kuomintang, Zhang Fakui was elected member of the Central Military Commission and commander of the first column of the Fourth Front Army. After the coup d'etat on April 12, the national government of Wuhan ordered to denounce Jiang. However, Zhang Xueliang led Fengjun and Wu Peifu to visit Wuhan, so he decided to continue the Northern Expedition first. In late April, Zhang Fakui led the fourth and eleventh armies out of Henan, defeated the four armies of the Northeast Army in Shangcai and Xiaoyao Town, and attacked Linying. Zhang Xueliang concentrated his main force of 250000 people to fight the northern expedition. In a bloody battle between the two sides, Jiang Xianyun (Communist Party member), head of the 77th regiment of the 11th army, died in the battle. Under Zhang's indomitable command, the main force of the Fengjun army was defeated and occupied Linying. In the second period of the northern expedition, the iron army fought for the Central Plains, which was powerful both at home and abroad. On June 13, Zhang Fakui was promoted to commander in chief of the second front army. On July 15, Wang Jingwei mutinied, and the Ningxia and Han Dynasties merged to implement the Communist Party of the Qing Dynasty. Zhang fakuei had many Communists, most of whom were backbone members. Instead of being enthusiastic about anti Communist, he accepted Guo Moruo, Zhang Yunyi, Ye Jianying and other Communists to serve in the second front army.

On August 1, 1927, Zhou Enlai, he long and Ye Ting launched the Nanchang Uprising. The 11th Army (commander Ye Ting) and the 20th Army (commander he long) of the uprising forces were originally subordinate to Zhang Fakui's second front army. Zhang Fakui took Ye Jianying's advice and did not pursue Ye Ting and he long. Instead, he ordered the Fourth Army to fight for territory with Li Jishen in Guangdong. In late September, the Fourth Army entered Guangzhou. Li Jishen ordered Zhang Fakui to command the Fourth Army to intercept Helong and yeting troops in Chaomei area, while Zhang Fakui made it a condition that Li Jishen openly opposed the GUI clan. Li Jishen did not want to oppose the GUI faction, so he had to send three divisions, Chen Jitang, Xu Jingtang and Xue Yue, together with Huang Shaohong's 15th army, to intercept he long and Ye Ting.

After Zhang Fakui's fourth army returned to Guangzhou, they repeated the number of Li Jishen's Fourth Army, which often led to misunderstandings. Therefore, Zhang and Li both thought it necessary to adjust the number, so they held a meeting to discuss. At the meeting, it was suggested that Li Jishen was an old officer, so it would be better to let Li Jishen's troops continue to use the number of the Fourth Army, while Zhang Fakui's troops would be changed to the New Fourth Army. Zhang Fakui firmly opposed it, saying: "the Fourth Army is expanded by the first division. I worked in the first division before Mr. Li. I have a longer history than Mr. Li. Our army should be the Fourth Army, and Mr. Li should be the New Fourth Army.". Although he didn't agree, he didn't agree.

On November 17, Zhang Fakui and Huang Qixiang launched a coup in Guangzhou, supporting Wang Jingwei against the Nanjing special committee and expelling Huang Shaohong's GUI troops, which is known as the Zhang Huang incident in history. After that, Li Jishen ordered Huang Shaohong's 15th army of Guangxi and the 13th division of Guangdong Army (division commander Xu Jingtang) to form the Western Crusade army, Chen Mingshu's 11th army, the 11th division of Guangdong Army (division commander Chen Jitang) and Qian Dajun's New 1st Division (division commander Cai Xisheng) to form the eastern Crusade army, and the eastern and Western armies attacked Zhang Fakui's Fourth Army. Zhang Fakui stationed in Huizhou with the 25th division of Li hanhun to defend against the East Road Crusade army. He attacked Xu Jingtang in Jiangmen with the troops of Xue Yuexin 2nd division and Li Fulin. He entered Wuzhou with the troops of Wu Qiwei 12th division, Xu Zhirui 26th division and Huang Zhenqiu 3rd Division. He planned to defeat Huang Shaohong 15th army first, and then return to attack Chen Mingshu East Road Crusade army. When the fourth army came out, only Ye Jianying's teaching regiment stayed in Guangzhou.

On December 11, Zhang Tailei, Ye Ting and Ye Jianying of the Communist Party led the Guangzhou Uprising. Zhang Fakui and Huang Shaohong received a call from Xie yingbai and fled from Dongshan residence in Guangdong Province to Li Fulin's Fujun headquarters (now Haichuang temple in Guangzhou) on the South Bank of the Pearl River. They sent a telegram to all front-line troops to Guangzhou to suppress the uprising. The Kuomintang's anti Wang factions took the opportunity to accuse Zhang of the change. Zhang was forced to leave the Fourth Army for Japan. Miao Peinan took over the post of commander of the Fourth Army, and Xue Yue served as deputy commander. Under the pressure of public opinion, the fourth army was forced to leave Guangzhou and move to Dongjiang. Huang Shaohong, four divisions of the West Road Crusade army, pursued along the Xijiang River, Chen Ming

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Fa Kui