Zheng Sixiao

Zheng Sixiao

Zheng Sixiao (1241-1318), a poet and painter in the late Song Dynasty, was born in Lianjiang (now Lianjiang county, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province). After the death of the Song Dynasty, it was renamed Sixiao, which was a part of the surname Zhao of the Song Dynasty. The word "Yi Weng" means that you will never forget your country; the name "Suo Nan" means that you have to sit and lie in the South and back to the north. He also called himself a descendant of Mount Ju, a poet of JINGDING, a savage of sanwai (Taoist words), and an old man of sanwai. Zeng Qixue gave up his life and should learn Hongci extensively. When the yuan army invaded the south, it offered a defense strategy to the imperial court, but it was not adopted. Later, he lived in Wuxia.

Zheng Sixiao is good at making Cymbidium, whose flowers and leaves are sparse, but he doesn't draw the root soil, which means that the land of Song Dynasty has been plundered. Rootless orchid means that the Southern Song Dynasty lost its land foundation. There are poetry anthologies such as heart history, Mr. Zheng suonan's anthologies and suonan Weng's poetry anthologies of 120 pictures.

Profile

Zheng Sixiao was born in 1241, the first year of LiZong Chunyou of Southern Song Dynasty, and died in the fifth year of Yanyou of Renzong of Yuan Dynasty, aged 78. His father, Zheng Qi (first named Zhen), was named as Shu Qi and named Ju mountain. He was the head of Pingjiang Academy in the Southern Song Dynasty (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). When Zheng Sixiao was young, he inherited his father's learning and showed loyalty, filial piety and righteousness. At about 20 years old, he was an excellent student of Taixue. He should learn Hongci extensively and teach him the head of Hejing Academy.

When the yuan army went south in a large scale, Zheng Sixiao went to Lin'an (now Hangzhou) to knock on the Palace door to disperse the emperor. He angrily denounced the dead vegetarians for abusing their power, demanded to get rid of the bad government, revive the national power, and resist the yuan army. Due to the fierce words, the letter was withheld and was not reported.

After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zheng Sixiao learned the spirit of Boyi and Shuqi, and did not submit to the rule of Mengyuan. Because Xiao is a part of Zhao (Zhao is the surname of the Song Dynasty), it is renamed Sixiao. The names of YiWeng and suonan also contain the meaning of remembering Zhao and song. Zheng Sixiao put the title "Ben Xue aristocratic family" in his bedroom. If the word "ten" under "Ben" is moved into the middle of the word "Xue", it will become "great song aristocratic family" to show his loyalty to Song Dynasty.

Zheng sixiaoyuan had a lot of contacts with song clan and famous painter Zhao Mengfu. Later, Zhao Jiangyuan became an official. Zheng Sixiao broke up with him. Zheng Sixiao was good at painting orchids. After the death of the Song Dynasty, all the orchids he painted had no soil and roots, because the land had been lost to a different race. There is no way to take root. At that time, some dignitaries asked him to draw orchids, but you Jin didn't want to. The mediocre and the young agree with it. The eunuch could not get it. He knew that he had land and was forced to take it by taxes. The teacher said angrily:“

The head can be broken, but the orchid can't be painted

！” Every time he was in Fula, he looked at Nanye and cried again. Zheng Sixiao is fond of Buddhism, painting orchids and bamboo leaves. He doesn't want to do much work, but he will destroy them when he paints them. He never gives them to others easily. Therefore, he can draw very few orchids in the world. The existing "painting volume of Mulan" is in Osaka City Art Museum, Japan, and the "painting volume of Mulan" is in the art exhibition collection of Yale University in the United States.

Life of the characters

The Zheng family in Lianjiang has a long history. According to the biography of Jushan Weng, a former monarch in the southern collection of Zheng Suo's works, the Zheng family was granted the title by the mother and brother of King Xuan of Zhou. During the reign of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (307-313), the Zheng family was assigned to Fujian and lived in Dongdao village of toubao in Lianjiang for more than ten generations.

First move

In 1220, Zheng Sixiao's father Zheng Jushan left Fujian with his family and settled in Lin'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of Southern Song Dynasty. In 1241, the first year of Chunyou in Southern Song Dynasty, Zheng Sixiao was born on the Bank of Xizi Lake in Hangzhou. In 1254, Zheng Sixiao, 14 years old, moved to Suzhou with his father's family and lived in Yuanqiao. In this year, Zheng Sixiao became a scholar and began his journey of study tour.

Zheng Sixiao lived in Suzhou during the period of Southern Song Dynasty, when he was on the verge of decline, it was an eventful autumn in Chinese history. Due to the frequent wars, the difficult situation and the poverty of his family, Zheng Sixiao had no fixed place in Suzhou and moved many times. According to Zheng Sixiao's San Mo Tang Ji, he moved seven times in more than ten years. During the period of migration, every place they lived for as long as ten years, or as short as one year, they began to move. It can be seen that the current situation was turbulent at that time.

In 1255, the third year of emperor LiZong's reign in Song Dynasty, that is, the second year of the Zheng family's moving to Suzhou, Dong songchen, a servant of the Zheng family, was known as "Dong Yanluo" for his power and bribery. This year, after living in Yuanqiao for only one year, Zheng Sixiao moved from Yuanqiao to Tiaofang with his father. This is Zheng Sixiao's first migration in Suzhou. Zheng Sixiao spent ten years of youth in Tiaofang lane. Here, Zheng Sixiao's father Zheng Jushan died in 1262, and was buried in Xilong, Zhenshan, 30 Li northwest of Changzhou County, Suzhou. This year, Zheng Sixiao was 22 years old.

Second move

In the first year of emperor duzong's reign in the Song Dynasty (1265), the Song court granted Jia Sidao the title of grand master and the title of Duke of Wei. He was known as "Shichen" in the world. In this year, Zheng Sixiao was 25 years old. Due to the death of his father, Zheng Sixiao's family is even poorer. Coupled with the turbulence of the current situation, young Zheng Sixiao can not live a peaceful life in one place, so he has to move again. Zheng Sixiao and his mother moved from tiaofangxiang to huangniufangqiao, which was Zheng Sixiao's second move.

The third move

In the fifth year of Xianchun, that is, the sixth year of Zhiyuan (1269), the Song Dynasty took Li Tingzhi as the ambassador of the two Huaihe systems and also known Yangzhou. This year, Zheng Sixiao moved from huangniufang bridge to Cailian lane, which is his third move.

The fourth move

During his residence in Cailian lane, Zheng Sixiao completed his own poem Xianchun collection of heart history. In 1270, Zheng Sixiao moved from Cailian lane to RenWang temple for the fourth time.

The fifth move

In November 1271, the seventh year of Xianchun, that is, the eighth year of Zhiyuan (1271), Kublai Khan of Mongolia changed his name to "Yuan". In that year, Zheng Sixiao moved from RenWang temple to shuangbanqiao, which was his fifth move.

The sixth move

In July 1274, Emperor duzong of Song Dynasty died, and his son Zhao Kai succeeded to the throne as emperor Gong. Xie, the empress dowager, listened to the government behind the curtain. In the same year, Yuan soldiers invaded on a large scale, and the traitor LV Wenhuan and Boyan went to Ezhou, and the traitor Liu Zheng and boluohuan went to Huaixi. Therefore, Zheng Sixiao moved from shuangbanqiao to wangxinqiao, which was his sixth migration. In December, when Suzhou fell, Zheng Sixiao wrote the song of captured prisoners (also known as the song of decapitation), which not only lashed the barbarism and cruelty of the Yuan rulers, but also scolded many shameless traitors in ancient and modern times. In wangxinqiao residence, Zheng Sixiao began to write poetry and prose of heart history Dayi collection.

In the first year of Jingyan, the 13th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1276), Emperor Gong was captured by the yuan army and went north. In May, Zhao Gang, king of Yi, ascended to the throne in Fuzhou and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Jingyan. In September, Zheng Sixiao's mother died. In 1277, Zheng Sixiao vowed not to surrender to the Yuan Dynasty and did not recognize the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, his "heart history" was completed, but it was still named "Deyou". He wrote on his portrait: "disloyalty can be punished, unfilial can be cut off, can be hung on the surface of the flood, as an example of disloyalty and unfilial."

The seventh move

In November 1278, Zhang Hongfan attacked Wen Tianxiang in wupoling (now Haifeng north of Guangdong Province), and Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured. Zheng Sixiao moved from wangxinqiao to Gaoqiao when he was 38 years old, and then moved back to wangxinqiao. In this year, Zheng Sixiao completed the compilation of heart history Dayi collection. Zheng Sixiao moved to Suzhou at the age of 14 and died at the age of 78. During his 64 year residence, he moved seven times in the first 24 years, first to Yuanqiao, then to Tiaofang lane, huangniufang bridge, Cailian lane, renwangsi, shuangbanqiao, Wangxin bridge, Gaoqiao, and then to Wangxin bridge.

"Ten years later, Wu saw the west wind take off Wu. Wanqing autumn cup after the rise, a few stems of snow on the mirror. The sky is clear and the clouds are gone, the broken house is desolate and there is no common dream. The only way is to keep a firm mind on poverty and keep a clear mind on history. " This poem of Zheng Sixiao is a true portrayal of Zheng Sixiao's turbulent life in Suzhou for decades. Zheng Sixiao lived a miserable life. He lost his father at the age of 22 and his mother at the age of 36. He has a younger sister, a nun, whose whereabouts are unknown. Zheng Sixiao donated his little property to the temple and helped the poor neighbors. At the age of 78, "Ji Ji" asked his friend Tang Dongyu to draw a memorial tablet, saying: "the Song Dynasty was unfaithful and unfilial, and Zheng Sixiao" died after the words.

Character works

List of works

The history of the heart is a collection of Zheng Sixiao's wonderful works, which is the evidence of Zheng Sixiao's independence. Since the death of the Song Dynasty at the age of 35, Zheng ran away from home. Since then, he has been wandering in famous mountains, Taoist temples and Buddhist temples in Wuzhong. In 40 years, he has written a large number of Patriotic Poems, including Xianchun collection, Dayi collection and Zhongxing collection. He has collected 250 poems, 4 essays and 5 preface. It was named "history of the heart". At that time, it was impossible to publish. Therefore, in his later years, he sealed the heart history again and hid it in the well of Chengtian temple in Suzhou. All the words in the history of the heart are full of blood and tears. Zheng Sixiao eulogized the Patriots of the Southern Song Dynasty, denounced the treacherous officials and sycophants, accused the yuan army of atrocities, and fully expressed his patriotism and loyalty. For example, in the poem "Guo Xu Zi Fang Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu", he said: "I don't know the moon today, but I dream of the mountains and rivers of Song Dynasty"; in the poem "Ba Li", he said: "tears are like a river, water flows into the sea, hatred is like a mountain peak inserted into the sky", which is generous and passionate, and is full of loyalty and courage. It's no wonder that Liang Qichao, a modern scholar, spent all day and night reading the history of the mind. Every time he tried his best to "leap for a while", Liang said with deep emotion: "if this book is in heaven and earth one day, then the spirit of Mr. Liang and China will never end.".

History of mind

Chinese PinYin : Zheng Si Xiao