Huang Shiling

Huang Shiling

Huang Shiling was named Mufu (Mufu, Mufu). He was named tired old man. He was also named Yishan people, Yishan sick old man, tired old man, tired you ke Zhu. He also had Zhai names such as zhuzhuanju and Yanqing Fenshi. He is a master of seal cutting "Yishan school" and a calligrapher, painter and seal cutter in the late Qing Dynasty.

In 1908, Huang Shiling died in his hometown.

Life of the characters

The word Mufu (a Mufu), the name tired old man, another name Yishan people.

In 1849, Huang Shiling was born in a scholarly family in wuduhuang village, Yi County, Anhui Province.

His father, Huang Dehua, whose name is Zhonghe and his name is Yinchuan, once served as a professor of ningguofu. He was fond of poetry and prose, good at calligraphy and painting, and was familiar with the study of exegesis. He wrote many volumes such as Guitian Lu and zhuruitang Shichao.

Because of his profound family learning and influence, Huang Shiling studied, wrote, made seals and painted at the same time when he was a child. He was even more interested in the study of seal characters. At the age of eight or nine, he began to learn how to make seals and became a well-known person in the village before he was young.

During the reign of Xiantong, there were many wars. In the second year of tongzhi (1863), the Taiping Army and the Qing army fought fiercely for several months in the area of Huangcun, and the war broke out, which brought great changes to Huang Shiling's family.

In particular, shortly after his father's death, Huang Shiling's brother proposed to separate the family and monopolize half of the family; Huang Shiling was born by Er Niang, and his mother, Shiling and his younger siblings shared half.

Huang Shiling's mother hanged herself in anger. According to the local custom, abnormal death is not allowed to enter the ancestral hall. After Huang Shiling cried, he was allowed to temporarily house in the ancestral hall.

Since the death of his mother, Huang Shiling mourned and destroyed Yue Heng. He lay on the side of his mother's coffin and kept vigil for half a year. His filial piety was heard in the countryside.

In order to take care of his younger siblings, Huang Shiling was forced to leave his hometown and make a living in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province.

Huang Shiling, 48 years old, wrote in the postscript of the seal of "the people who travel and eat at the end of the JIS": "Ling was seldom disturbed by bandits. He had no knowledge. He lost his parents, his family was poor, and he didn't think about food and clothing. He had been living in the market for more than ten years. He lost his job and was wandering in the lake and sea. Now that I am old, I will hold this to the end. It's a shame to carve a seal. " The word "jueji Shijing" here should refer to the fact that he once lived in Nanchang. In Nanchang, he transcribed bookmarks for a bookstore, worked as a clerk in a photo studio, and was unemployed.

There is a description of Huang Shiling's painting and calligraphy from Jinshi in Fu Baoshi's 1940 article about Huang Mufu, an Indian.

Mr. Baoshi also mentioned in his article that Hou Fu, a younger brother of Mu Fu, is famous for his brushwork portraits in Nanchang. In the alley of dongjiatang, there is a "Chengqiu hall" for portraits. After he lost his job, Mr. Mufu lived with his younger brother and lived by selling words and seals. One year, on December 28 of the lunar calendar, someone took a rubbings of Han Dynasty steles for sale and asked for eight yuan. Mufu and his younger brother were having a meal. They were penniless and didn't care about their younger brother's wife's stop. They took off their fur robes and immediately went to the pawnshop to buy the rubbings. I can see here that I am a poor scholar who is eager to pursue art.

Soon after, his calligraphy was appreciated by Wang mingluan, a scholar in Jiangxi Province, and he was able to make friends with many celebrities at that time. He not only got the advice of famous experts, but also saw a lot of gold and stone Yi ware, description, calligraphy and painting treasures. At the age of 28 or so, Huang Shiling published the Heart Sutra seal in Nanchang, which marked the official start of his printing career. Scholars who study Huang should think that this stage is the imitation period of Huang Shiling's seal cutting art.

In 1882, Huang Shiling, 33, moved from Nanchang to Guangzhou. Guangzhou is more active than Nanchang in terms of economy and culture, which undoubtedly provides a broader world for Huang Shiling who wants to make a living by art. In Guangzhou, Huang Shiling met a number of famous scholars, such as Shen Zetang, Liang zhaohuang, Liang dingfen, wentingshi, etc., who either entered the palace or served as guests. In particular, Huang Shiling met Zhirui, the son of general Changshan. Zhirui, the word Bo Yu, Guangxu Gengchen Jinshi, after the editor, is Jinfei, Zhenfei's brother. They provided Huang Shiling with gold and stone materials for learning arts and supported him in his life. Huang Shiling had the opportunity to study in Beijing Guozijian from 1885 to 1887 because he was praised and recommended by powerful figures like Zhirui.

During the period of guoziling, Huang Shiling devoted himself to the study of epigraphy. Beijing is a gathering place of cultural relics. He learned from Sheng Yu, Wang Yirong, Wu Dacheng and other famous scholars. He not only broadened his vision, but also sublimated his printing practice in Guozijian. In August of the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), Huang Shiling copied the song version of Shi Gu Wen with the order of Sheng Yu, the emperor's son. During his three years in Beijing, Huang Shiling extensively studied Zhou, Jin and Han stone, and changed his mind. He realized the shortcomings of "seeking seal in seal", and tried hard to explore the way of "seeking seal outside seal". His works showed new interest. Huang Shiling's seal cutting art began to have a unique style. At this time, the prototype of "Yishan school" seal cutting art has appeared. Scholars who study Huang's thought that this stage is the transformation period of Huang Shiling's seal cutting art.

Three years later, Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Wu Dacheng, the governor of Guangdong, set up Guangya book company in Guangzhou to proofread classics and history. Upon invitation, Huang Shiling returned to Guangzhou to take part in the work of the school of Guangya publishing house. There are hundreds of kinds of books carved by Guangya publishing house. The seal script on the title page is mostly from the mausoleum. The back of the book is also written with the words "Huang Shiling Department of a certain year in Guangxu.". During this period, Huang Shiling also took some time to assist Wu Dacheng in compiling the seal of Fu Zhai in the sixteen Jin Dynasty, compiling the model and re carving the stele of Liu Xiong.

Soon after, Wu Dacheng transferred to the governor of Hedong River, and Huang Shiling remained in Guangya book company. Guangya Academy was founded by Zhang Zhidong, and its president, Liang dingfen, was Mu Fu's old friend. Therefore, the green brick and tile specially printed with Guangya Academy were all written by Huang Shiling, and even the word "Guangya" was also made by him. In addition, there are some seal characters in the canon of Guangya academy, the memorial to the founding of Guangya academy, and the flat forehead fold of Yushu. Although there is no title money, it is easy to see that they are Huang Shiling's handwriting. Mufu's life was not lonely when he was busy selling books.

This time, Huang Shiling stayed in Guangzhou for 13 years. After a long period of painstaking and meticulous exploration, he copied the ancient seals and the seals of various famous artists at that time, and finally formed his own unique style. From this, he became a famous master of seal cutting, calligraphy and painting in Lingnan. His seal cutting art had a great influence on the development of Lingnan seal cutting at that time. Scholars who study Huang's thought that this stage was the innovation period of Huang Shiling's seal cutting art, and Huizhou seal cutting Yishan school was formed at this time.

In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), Huang Shiling refused to stay, returned to his hometown Yi county and built the "old Delin house". Two years later, at the invitation of duanfang, governor of Hubei Province and governor of Huguang, he took his eldest son Huang Shaomu to Wuchang to assist duanfang in the technical compilation of Tao Zhai Ji Jin Lu and other books. Duanfang's Tao Zhai Ji Jin Lu and Tao Zhai Cang Shi Ji poured a lot of effort into Huang Shiling's father and son. At this time, Huang Shaomu was 23 years old. He learned from his father and was proficient in inscriptions, calligraphy, painting and seal cutting.

In 1904, Huang Shiling returned to his hometown and never came back. After returning home, Huang Shiling's research on seal cutting art has never been relaxed. In the spring of the first month of the 34th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1908), he also carved a seal of "the house adjacent to the ancient locust tree.". In 1909, the first year of Xuantong, Huang Shiling, the great master of Yintan in Qing Dynasty, died at the age of 61.

Huang Shiling, the founder of the seal cutting art of Yishan school, was initially influenced by Deng Shiru and Wu Xizai. Later, he gradually became mature and broke away from the constraints of a certain school. He developed a new way to inherit the tradition of seal cutting art from the old seals and bronze inscriptions of Shang and Zhou dynasties. In particular, he broke through the two major schools of Anhui and Zhejiang, which have been shrouded in the art world for many years, and created a unique "Yishan school", which emerged at the low ebb of Huizhou seal cutting and set up a school of his own when Huizhou seal cutting was exhausted, making Huizhou seal cutting to the third climax.

In terms of composition, "Yishan school" pays attention to the density and alternation of seal cutting, which seems to be ingenious and easy to grasp. The dense characters are clear and interesting. It boldly expands the scope of seal cutting. Yi Ding, Quanliang, Zhaoban, Quan coin, Jingming, ancient pottery, brick and tile, stone carving, etc. are all integrated into the seal art, making many of its works with Dingyi, Jingming and other writing flavor, seemingly ordinary, But it's changing.

In terms of knife technique, the seal cutting of "Yishan school" is as skillful as clumsy and simple. Huang Shiling changed the cutting knife to a thin bladed punching knife, which is completely in accordance with the tradition. The knife is very vertical, and it is no different from the pen. Every painting is light, vigorous, vigorous, refined and thick. The beginning and end of each line are in one go, crisp and sharp. The charm of the knife and the beauty of the lines are very strong.

The seal cutting art of "Yishan school" is also reflected in the engraving of the edge of the seal. The edge of the seal has a unique style. It uses a single knife to carve the regular script of the Six Dynasties. It's thick and sharp, just like a book. Whether it's big or small, there is ink in it. What's more valuable is that many of the seals in Huang Shiling's later period were carved by his son Huang Shaomu, whose layout and knife technique are similar to his father's shape and spirit.

Mr. Fu Baoshi once commented on Huang Shiling's printing art, saying: "personally, I often think that his seal is just and more than enough, but the change is not enough to match it. If you compare calligraphy with Yan Lugong, it seems that he is not Zhao Wenmin; if you compare painting with Yuan style, it is close to "Yuan style" between "Ma" and "Xia", not between Shi Ge and Liang Kai. His Zhu Wen is better than Bai Wen, his small seal is better than big seal. He can not only show his skill in the details, but also get rid of the twists and turns. Whatever you want

Chinese PinYin : Huang Shi Ling