Gai jiaotian

Gai jiaotian

Gai jiaotian (1888-january 15, 1971), formerly known as Zhang Yingjie, was born in Gaoyang County, Hebei Province. He was a Peking Opera actor and gongwusheng.

Gai jiaotian joined Tianjin Longqing Li Ke class since he was a child to study martial arts, and later changed to an old student. He was still a martial arts student after he turned down his voice. He has been performing in Shanghai for a long time. He is good at performing all Wusong (including tiger fighting, Lion House, cross slope, happy forest, etc.).

Gai jiaotian gradually formed a unique "Gai school" performance art with his rich martial arts skills and beautiful figure shape, which is known as "living Wusong in Jiangnan".

Character experience

When he was a child, he joined Longqing and Keban in Tianjin, where he studied martial arts, and later changed to an old student. After the voice down, he still played martial arts students, mainly short combat martial arts students. He performed in Shanghai and other places for a long time. Li Chunlai, the patriarchal clan, developed and innovated, and finally formed his own unique artistic style, known as the "Gai school" in the world. Representative plays include Wusong, shizipo, Sanchakou, yijianqiu, etc. After 1949, he served as vice chairman of Zhejiang Federation of literary and art circles and chairman of Zhejiang branch of Chinese Dramatists Association.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, in 1954, he filmed the Peking Opera film "Gai jiaotian's stage art" (directed by Bai Chen, black and white), covering eight wonderful scenes of "baishuitan", "Qixiong Juyi", "Maozhou Temple", "splitting mountains to save mother", "heroic righteousness" and "Wusong", jointly performed by Shanghai People's Peking Opera Troupe, the predecessor of Shanghai Peking Opera Theater, and Wang Xieyuan played drums (with the title of "conductor") ”The drummer is the chief conductor of the Beijing Opera band.

In 1963, under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, he made Wu Song, his second Peking Opera Film and his first color Peking Opera film. The pianists Hao Dequan, Li qiujue and Gao Mingliang played drums (with the title of "conductor"), and Zhou Enlai originally asked Cui Wei to direct it, but later completed it in the hands of Ying Yunwei and Yu Zhongying.

His artistic experience includes spring and autumn of powder, Gai jiaotian's performing arts and Yannan Jilu's anecdotes.

Gai jiaotian is a Beijing Opera actor who is very dedicated. In 1934, when he was performing "Lion House", in order not to hurt his fellow performers, he accidentally broke his right leg bone, but he continued to perform in pain until the curtain was drawn. In 1966, when the Cultural Revolution broke out, Gai jiaotian was cruelly criticized and persecuted. He was charged with "reactionary art authority" and "opposing model opera", and his legs were broken again. After five years of miserable old age, he died of illness. The tomb site is located at the foot of Dingjia mountain, West Lake, Hangzhou. In 1986, the people's Government of Zhejiang Province rebuilt Gai jiaotian's tomb and moved his ashes here. In front of the tomb, the gatehouse and stone archway are inscribed with a plaque of "learning from the old" written by Huang Binhong, and couplets written by Sha Menghai and others, which are "famous for its three forks, and its masterpiece is Jingtian cross slope." And "yanbeizhen hero, Jiangnan live Wusong." They are based on Gai Jiao's masterpieces before he was born, his native place and his title.

Early performance

When he was 8 years old, he entered Longqing and Keban in Tianjin. At the beginning, he studied Laosheng, laodan and wusheng. At the age of 10, he began to appear on the stage. At first, his stage name was "Xiao jiaotian", because Tan Xinpei, the "king of the performing arts" at that time, was called "Xiao jiaotian". Later, he was ridiculed by the group, saying that he was too much of himself. In a rage, he changed his name to "Gai jiaotian", which means to surpass Tan Xinpei. He mainly plays short combat martial arts students. He has performed in Shanghai and Hangzhou for a long time, and is known as "the first martial arts student in Jiangnan". Unfortunately, he broke his left arm when he was 15 years old playing butterfly in Hangzhou. In 1934, when he performed "the lion tower" on the Shanghai Grand Stage with the popular organ set at that time, according to the general performance method of traditional opera, it was enough to put one table and two chairs on the stage, which could not only replace mountains and cities, but also replace buildings and walls. There was no need to build organ sets at all. However, in order to attract the audience, the owner of the theater set up a "restaurant" on the stage. When Wu Song takes revenge for his brother and goes to the restaurant to chase Ximen Qing, the restaurant starts to shake. XiMenqing saw Wu Song catch up with him upstairs, so he jumped out of the window and landed on the table. Wu Song chased the window upstairs, so he should jump down. However, the foot is a row of window bars, the top is the eaves, only a few feet high in the middle of a window hole, jump head hit the eaves; jump low and can't jump past. In spite of such difficulties, it is also difficult for Gai jiaotian, who has excellent acting skills. According to the way of the play, he jumped out of the restaurant more than two feet high with the action of "swallows skimming water". However, when he jumped into the air, he suddenly saw XiMenqing still lying on the ground (according to the performance requirements, after XiMenqing jumped downstairs, he should quickly roll aside to make room for Wu Song who jumped downstairs immediately). Gai jiaotian is afraid to jump down and crush Chen Hefeng who plays XiMenqing, so he flashes in the air in an emergency. Because this flash was no longer a trick, and the force was too strong, I broke my right leg when I landed. The artistic and moral sentiment of Gai jiaotian can be seen from this. In the hospital, he met a quack and got the wrong broken bone. As soon as Gai jiaotian heard that he might not be able to get on the stage, he resolutely broke his leg bone on the bedstead and asked the doctor to get it back. For this reason, Chen Yi once wrote a poem for Gai jiaotian: "Yan Beizhen hero, Jiangnan huowusong." Tian Han also praised Gai's Tianshi: "it's common to break one's limbs and break one's arms, and practice Zhang Jia's hundred and eight guns."

After recovering from his leg injury, he performed the first two books of Wu Song on the new stage, from "fighting tiger" to "escaping", which lasted three and a half months. Because of his outstanding creation in Wusong opera, he is known as "living Wusong".

Old age career

In the summer of 1966, when the temperature in Hangzhou was as high as 38 degrees, Gai jiaotian was dragged to the streets. They put on his high hat, Wusong's costume and loaded him in a garbage truck. His wife was also pulled out, barefoot, without shoes and socks, and followed behind the car. After walking for a short time, his feet were worn and bleeding. Gai was nearly eighty years old. How could he stand such humiliation and torture? He jumped out of the car angrily and fell to the ground. As a result, his lumbar bone was broken. They threw him back into the car. However, the gang of four and their followers did not stop there. They kept holding criticism meetings and took Gai jiaotian to criticize him. The cruelest one was in 1968, when the "big and small capitalist groups" and "reactionary academic authorities" of the provincial Party committee and government were all put on the lighting stadium in Hangzhou youth road. There were more than 500 people, each with a sign under his neck. Gai jiaotian was also escorted. By this time, he had already accumulated his hair and beard. He was long and straight over his shoulders. His eyes were closed and he was silent. The rebels wanted him to kneel down, but Gai jiaotian was determined not to kneel down. Several strong men who knew martial arts were selected to force him to kneel down. Although he was nearly 80 years old, he could not be moved. They wanted to twist Gai jiaotian's arm, which he avoided with skillful force. They used a thick wooden bar to lift him to the ground with his back to the sky and press his legs with the wooden bar. Two strong men stepped on both ends of the bar and forced him to pull up. With a click, Gai jiaotian's leg was broken. This artist, who repeatedly broke his limbs and arms for art on the stage, overcame his disability and stood up again with amazing perseverance. It never occurred to him that in the end, Gai jiaotian's leg and his arm could not be kept. This time, they were completely broken. Next, Gai jiaotian, his wife and granddaughter were expelled from Yannan Jilu in Jinsha port. The Arhats, statues, paintings, antiques and all the clothes and furniture he had collected for decades were looted.

Gai jiaotian's eighty third birthday. In previous years, every birthday, Gai jiaotian's habit is to eat a bowl with a special topping

My face. On this day, he said to his wife, his birthday is coming, can you make such a bowl of noodles for him. This request is a very easy thing to do, but at this moment, it baffled five aunts. The next day, aunt Wu tried to borrow money to make a bowl of noodles for Gai jiaotian. Gai Shoutian took the noodles and ate them happily. After eating noodles, he offered to take a bath. The weather in November, the cabin is everywhere air leakage, wearing cotton padded robes are too cold, how to bath? But he insisted on taking a bath, so aunt Wu had to rely on him to plug up the doors and windows, move the outdoor briquette stove into the house, barely raise the temperature and help him take a bath. After eating noodles, taking a bath, Gai went to sleep. After a while, he called his wife to his side and said to her, "jianmingniang, you are innocent of this crime. One day you will find out. If I leave first, you must live." He asked five aunts to answer him three times: "to live, to live, to live." The fifth aunt answered according to his request. So he closed his eyes, stopped talking and went to sleep. After that, Gai jiaotian became weaker. After the new year, due to the cold weather, he could not resist the cold and fever. His fifth aunt wanted to send him to the hospital, but he had only 15 yuan at home. He went to the Cultural Bureau to ask, but the rebels ignored him. She had to call a tricycle to take him to the hospital. The driver of the tricycle heard that the old man was Gai jiaotian. He took him to the hospital without paying for the car. He should not be treated. So he went back to the cabin. After a long night, before dawn, he died. He was eighty-three years old in the morning of January 15, 1971.

After the smashing of the gang of four, Gai jiaotian's ten-year injustice was vindicated. On September 16, 1978, the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the provincial Revolutionary Committee held a grand ceremony to lay the ashes for Gai jiaotian in Longju Wu, Hangzhou.

In 1986, the people's Government of Zhejiang Province rebuilt the Shoufen built by Gai jiaotian on Dingjiashan by the West Lake, which was destroyed in the "Cultural Revolution", and moved Gai jiaotian's ashes here.

Personal life

He has three

Chinese PinYin : Gai Jiao Tian