Li Dewang

Li Dewang

Li Dewang (1181-1226) was the second son of Xia Shenzong. However, after the policies of xiangzong and Shenzong, the people of Xixia had already been living in dire straits and the economy was weak, so he had no power to return to heaven. As soon as he changed the policy of the former dynasty, he was determined to make peace with the state of Jin, which was officially reconciled in 1225. However, the capital of Jin was also surrounded by Mongolia, and the state of Jin was already a mud Bodhisattva crossing the river, which was hard to protect himself. Change the national policy again

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Anti Mongolian

However, the elite soldiers of the Western Xia Dynasty were exhausted in the battle of Xia and Jin, and they were unable to resist the Mongolian army. Moreover, under the rule of xiangshen and liangzong, the national strength of the Western Xia Dynasty was critically ill and came to a dead end. Finally, he died in 1226, 46 years old

Xianzong

, posthumous title

Mourn the emperor.

Life of the characters

Li Dewang (1181-1226), Xianzong of Xixia, was the second son of xiashenzong. He ascended the throne in 1223 and reigned for three years. In the second year of Qianding (1224), Xia and Jin reached a peace agreement. However, Jindu is also surrounded by Mongolia. The state of Jin is a mud Bodhisattva crossing the river, and it is hard to protect itself. At this time, Genghis Khan did not return to the west, and Li Dewang sent envoys to contact all the tribes in Mobei to fight against Mongolia. When Genghis Khan heard the news, he secretly ordered the unified army of the Han Dynasty in the Central Plains to lead the army to attack the Xixia. In the autumn of this year, Polo led the army to conquer Yinzhou (now Mizhi, Shaanxi), killed tens of thousands of Xixia troops, captured its general tahai, and plundered hundreds of thousands of cattle, sheep, horses and camels. Li Dewang changed the policy of attaching to Mongolia to resist it. However, the elite troops of Xixia consumed too much in earlier battles and were unable to resist the Mongolian army,

In the third year of Qianding (1225), Genghis Khan returned to Mongolia from the western regions, determined to eliminate Xixia completely. The next year (1226), Genghis Khan sent envoys to blame Xixia for not sending his followers to the western expedition and for being rude. At this time, the anti Mongolian faction of the Xixia court got the upper hand, rejected the threat of the Mongolian envoys, and announced that they were ready to fight. After that, Genghis Khan led a large army to attack the black water city of Xixia, stationed in the north of Suzhou, and raided everywhere. After that, the Mongol army broke through the cities of wulahai and marched into Helan Mountain. On the other hand, the Mongol army moved eastward from the territory of Weiwuer and captured Sha, Su and Gan prefectures, and went straight to Xiliang prefecture (now Wuwei in Gansu Province). Song general of Xixia Xiliang garrison surrendered. The Mongolian army marched into Hequ and captured Yingli (now Zhongwei, Ningxia) and other counties. In 1226, Li Dewang died of fear. At the age of 46, he had no posthumous title. Li Xun, his nephew, succeeded to the throne as the last emperor.

Character evaluation

Wu Guangcheng: when Dewang was the last one, it was a difficult time. At the beginning of receiving orders, he thought about the harm of the living people and gave up the use of troops; he accepted the advice of loyalty and sought alliance. It can be said that we are able to make friends with our neighbors and work hard for the state! No such as the accumulation of bad hard vibration, small good Mo Zhi, army full of suburbs, financial use exhausted, in office for three years, but to palpitation death. Teng Wen is afraid of his country's death, while Jian Wen is in danger of killing himself. He knows his worries but doesn't live. He can also show sympathy for himself!

Political initiatives

In December 1223, Dewang changed his name to Qianding. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, he immediately changed Shenzong's policy of attaching to Mongolia and tried to fight against Mongolia. In the second year of Qianding (1224), Dewang heard that Genghis Khan led the Mongolian army to the western regions but did not return, so he sent envoys to contact the tribes not conquered by Mongolia in Mobei to form foreign aid to fight against Mongolia. When Genghis Khan came back from his expedition to the western regions, he heard that the Xia kingdom had "different plans" for Mongolia, and decided to mobilize a large army to fight for the Western Xia. In May, Genghis Khan personally led a large army to attack Shazhou (now Dunhuang, Gansu Province), which was tenaciously resisted by Shazhou garrison general Ji lasiyi. Shazhou city held on for more than a month. Genghis Khan sent his general to attack Yinzhou (now Mizhi, Shaanxi).

In September, Yinzhou was conquered, tens of thousands of Xia soldiers died, Xia general tahai was captured, and cattle and sheep were plundered. At the critical moment of the entry of the powerful Mongolian army, Dewang accepted the advice of the right Prime Minister Gao Lianghui and sent his envoy fengbiao to repair with the Jin Dynasty in October. However, it was too late to make this decision. After the fall of Yinzhou, the unconquered tribes of Mobei were scattered. After the army and the people held fast for half a year, all the cattle, sheep, horses and camels in the besieged Shazhou city were slaughtered and consumed. Dewang had to send envoys to the Mongolian army to surrender, and promised to "proton as a letter" before the Mongolian army withdrew its troops encircling Shazhou.

In March of the third year of Qianding (1225), Genghis Khan sent his minister Baltar to Xia state for questioning because of Dewang's failure to send a proton. Dewang still hesitated. Gao Lianghui, the right prime minister, said: "the two countries intersect with each other and are loyal to each other. The other is strong and the other is weak. It's better to choose the sage of the clan, add the king's name and the flag of the chariot, so as to make the family happy and help the common people relieve the country's troubles. " Dewang didn't agree with this, and said, "we will repair Jinyuan and support the northern enemy together. As soon as you let your son go, if you are bound by him, why do you regret pursuing him? " Privy Minister Li Yuanji also urged Dewang to keep his promise and state his interests: "although Mongolian tigers and wolves are obedient, they are still afraid to roar their nature. If there is no constant repetition, it is the beginning of the war. How can you help me if I am not able to defend myself Dewang still didn't listen and didn't send the protons. He sent the Mongolian envoys back perfunctorily. Straighten out the national politics and unite with the Jin Dynasty to fight against Mongolia.

After the departure of Mongolian envoy botu, Dewang strengthened a series of measures to straighten out the national government and unite with the United Kingdom to fight against Mongolia. In June of the same year, Dewang sought to be outspoken in the middle school. Zhang Gongfu, the imperial censor in the palace, wrote to Dewang seven opinions on rectifying the state affairs: first, to consolidate the people's mind by closing the collapse; second, to strengthen the alliance and trust to relieve the national crisis; third, to build the city for defense; fourth, to learn to fight and defend the military and government in the Ming Dynasty; fifth, to unite with the Fenghou to support; sixth, to respect thrift to enrich the army and reserve; seventh, to observe convenience to break the enemy's situation. In short, it is to strengthen national strength and unite with the United States to fight against Mongolia. Dewang appreciated Zhang Gongfu's Shangshu and promoted him to Zhongcheng.

In August of the third year of Qianding, Dewang sent Li Zhonger, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, Luo Shichang, the xuanhui envoy of the southern court, and Li Shaoying, the doctor of the Ministry of official affairs, to the Jin Dynasty to conclude a peace treaty with the Jin Dynasty. The main purpose of the peace treaty is: Jin Xia is a country of brothers, and Xia Dynasty is a country of brothers; each country uses its own year, but Jin Dynasty does not give Sui coin to Xia. From then on, Xia Jin made up with each other again. In December, Dewang sent Li Bian, a Bachelor of huiyouge, to the Jin Dynasty to ask for the resumption of mutual market. After several twists and turns, he signed an agreement on mutual market. In December of that year, Dewang sent a special envoy he Zhengdan to the state of Jin, who had been interrupted for many years because of the Jin Xia military structure.

In fact, it is useless for Dewang to unite with Jin to fight against Mongolia. At that time, the Jin Dynasty was also on the eve of national subjugation. The soldiers were empty of money and the people were full of resentment. They were still too busy to help Xia and resist Mongolia. Luo Shichang, the xuanhui emissary of the southern court of Xia Dynasty, sent an envoy to the Jin Dynasty and returned to the Xia state. After returning to the Xia state, he told Dewang many times that the assistance of the Jin Dynasty was not enough and it was up to the Xia state to strengthen itself. At this time, Dewang took in Genghis Khan's enemy, quluhanzi, who was from the naman tribe, to drink Xiangkun. Luo Shichang tried to remonstrate, but Dewang didn't listen. Luo Shichang then asked for his official return. Shichang, who lived in Yinzhou, had been occupied by the Mongolian army, so he had to live in Longzhou (now Zhidan, Shaanxi). Knowing that the Xia state was going to die, he kept 20 volumes of Xia state Shici at home.

In February of 1226, the fourth year of Qianding, Genghis Khan personally led 100000 troops to enter Xia's border from the North Road, and went deep into Hexi to conquer Heishui city. In April, Mongolian troops were stationed in hunchui mountain north of Suzhou (now Jiuquan, Gansu Province) for summer. In May, Suzhou was recruited and surrendered. After the city was broken, the soldiers and civilians in the city were slaughtered. In June, Ganzhou was besieged, and the Mongolian army sent people to call in Xia Ganzhou garrison general Qu yekelu. 36 people, including deputy general achao, killed Qu yekelu and the Mongolian army, and led the army and people in the city to fight in blood. The city was conquered and achao and others died for their country. In July, Xiliang house (now Wuwei, Gansu Province) was broken down again, and Xia Shouchen, ozahu, was defeated and surrendered. Where the Mongolian army went, the city collapsed, the people fled, and the state of Xia was in danger. At this time, Dewang was frightened and worried, and was at a loss. After the death of Shenzong zunxu in May, Dewang also worried about palpitation. He was 46 years old. The name of the temple is Xianzong. He and his father were buried in No. 161 accompanying Tomb of Xixia mausoleum

Historical records

History of the Song Dynasty volume 486 biographies 245 foreign countries II Xia state II:

In the spring of the second year of Baoqing, zunxu was sixty-four years old. In the 13th year of Guangding. Posthumous title: English emperor, temple Name: Shenzong.

In July of bingxu, dewangshu was 46. It will be four years since the reform. The name of the temple is Xianzong.

In the autumn of the second year of the reign of Dinghai, the son of the king of Qingping, Nanping was taken by Dayuan, and the state was destroyed.

Chinese PinYin : Li De Wang