Lin Xu

Lin Xu

Lin Xu (1875-1898), with the name of Longgu and the name of Wancui, was a Marquis of Fujian Province (now Fuzhou). The reformers in the late Qing Dynasty were one of the "Six Gentlemen of 1898". Actively promote the reform movement and participate in the new deal. On September 28, he was killed in Caishikou, Beijing, along with six people, including Tan Sitong and Yang Rui. At the time of execution, he looked up to the sky and screamed: "when a gentleman dies, justice will be done!"

His posthumous works include the collection of wancuixuan.

Life

He studied law and Fu in a private school since he was a child. He is erudite and has a strong memory. He once visited Wuchang with his father-in-law, Shen Yuqing, and met Chen Baozhen and Chen Sanli, who were in favor of the reform. In 1893, he returned to his hometown to take part in the Enke rural examination in Fujian Province. In 1894, he went to Beijing to take part in the Enke examination and failed. In the following year, he went to Beijing again to take part in the examination of b-science, but he failed, so he became a member of the cabinet. During the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing Dynasty was defeated, and the Qing government signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Based on the serious crisis of the country and nation, it began to join the reform movement of saving the nation from subjugation and rejuvenating China. On May 2, he and his colleagues "angrily submitted a letter, please refuse the peace talks" and opposed the ceding of Liaodong and Taiwan. In 1897, he joined the "Tongyi school" founded by Zhang Yuanji and others in Beijing, which increased his Western learning ability. On January 31, 1898, the Fujian reformers who lived in Beijing were initiated and mobilized to establish the Fujian society to communicate with Guangdong, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and other societies and spread Western learning. Soon after, Kang Youwei organized the Baoguo meeting in Beijing. He was "the first director and the most powerful advocate" of the meeting. On June 11, Emperor Guangxu issued an imperial edict of "mingdingguoshi", announcing the reform, and the imperial court ordered officials of four grades or above to recommend talents. Wang Xifan, the academician of the Imperial Academy, recommended him to Emperor Guangxu for his "brilliant talent, insight, ability to study ancient and modern in detail, in order to make use of it. He was the most proficient in the study of western politics, especially in negotiation and business. He was outstanding in years, and his talent was really outstanding.". On September 5, the fourth person with Tan Sitong, Yang Rui and Liu Guang was awarded the title of four grade minister. He walked on the military aircraft Zhangjing and participated in the new deal. During the 10 days from September 5 to 14, he wrote the most, and many of the political reform instructions were written by him. On September 21, Cixi launched a coup to "train the government" again. He and Tan Sitong were both arrested and jailed. On September 28, he was killed at the entrance of the vegetable market outside Xuanwu. He was 23 years old.

house

His wife, Shen queying (1877-1900), was born in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. He is the granddaughter of Lin Zexu, a national hero, and the eldest daughter of Shen Yuqing. Chen Yan, a famous poet since childhood, is gifted and intelligent. There are 29 poems and 35 Ci poems in Gu Lou's manuscript (attached with the collection of poems of late Cui Xuan).

From 1894 to 1898, Lin Xu and Shen queying studied under Chen Shu and engaged in poetry creation. According to Lin Shu's "record of bloody sword", Lin Xu was not worried about his own life and death, but only worried about "his wife is still in the river, so I can't get one side. The heroism will come from my death, and I don't expect to burst into tears.". After Lin Xu's death, Shen queying once wrote an elegiac couplet to express her heart: "who is Yi? Who am I? It's all based on the six rites. It's worrying today. If you don't see life or death, I hope you'll be lucky in your third life and get married in the next life. " It is said that she once died for her husband by taking medicine and taking pills. Finally, she died in April 1900 due to excessive grief. She was only 24 years old and had no children.

The couple were buried in the same place, and the tomb couplet said: "in the evening of the thousand years, the green grass is solitary and loyal, and there is a volume of life lost words in the pavilion."

Selected poems by Shen queying

The wave washes the sand

It's hard to pay for the ambition to serve the country. Who will receive the blue blood. Heartbreak brings back the soul, and the cloud is dark at the head of the river.

Rust Buddha old makeup building, I have Jun Xiu, thousands of regrets more especially? Spell eyes endless tears, a total of water flow.

When Qian Zhonglian compiled three hundred poems of Qing Dynasty, he included two of Shen queying's poems. He commented: "the words of mourning for my husband are simple words without any whitewash. They are condensed by blood and tears."

In 1993, Zhang Jianxiang plays Lin Xu

works

Poetry

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Resurrection in prison

》

Qingpu knows what to do with her tears,

It is hard to reward a scholar for his generosity.

If you want to sing a thousand li grass for you,

Don't talk lightly if you are healthy at first.

On August 9, 1898 (September 24, 1898), Lin Xu was arrested and put into prison. This poem was written by Lin Xu to Tan Sitong in prison.

comment

The modern poetry review "Jin Zhuan Shi Hua" contains comments on Lin Xu's poems

(48) Lin Xu's choice of path

Since the beginning of history, Li He and Wang Fengyuan were the most outstanding poets in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. When Wang Jiefu was over ten years old, he was overjoyed to see his poem "the field of the South Mountain". He even hoped that his wife's daughter and brother-in-law, who was only 20 years old and had eight deaths, would rather measure what he had accomplished? In recent years, such as Hou Guanlin, long Gu Xu, who died only at the age of 24. In terms of poetic style, he was also an outstanding family member. However, he was not as old as the two kings, and he was even more miserable when he was wronged in Dongshi. Kuixiang of Longgu county was the first to be recommended. It was only 19 years old. After entering the capital, it was very famous. It was not sold on the bus three times. It became a song and poem with indignation. The path was bitter and secluded. Shi Yi (poet Chen Yan) said that "it's not appropriate to travel in winter for spring and summer. Words are the voice of the heart, and can't be hidden.". In the second volume of poems left by late cuixuan, Li bake compiled them by Xuangong, and Shi left them as a preface, focusing on the book "Shanghai residence is just a matter of fact", which says: "who can explain the negative hand of a single rumor, and make every effort to be at ease or not virtuous." "Wuxu jinei" says: "there is nothing wrong with Chang'an in June. I can borrow the pavilion to see the west mountain." Haizang (Zheng Xiaoxu) said that it was like eating an olive, which can be said to be a true comment. After your death, haizang wrote a poem: "it's also very difficult to talk and laugh and face punishment. All the people along the road always hold the waves. The scholar said to himself that the king's grace is heavy, and he has been an official for 20 years "Lou Dong's poems are always dark in the ileum, and Ke Hui's empty flowers are too crazy. At the end of the evening, all the people in cuixuan went, and they were named Duanhe and the widow. " Both poems are not published. Shen queying, the daughter of Zhongcheng (Shen Yuqing) in Taoyuan, wrote a volume of the collection of poems and Ci Poetry in Xiaolou. After his death, he died in grief. The so-called "Jiaming Duanhe and widows" in haizang poems are deeply regretted.

The editor's notes are in brackets.

Chinese PinYin : Lin Xu