one's second son

Zhongyou

Zhongyou (542-480 B.C.) was born in the state of Lu. One of the ten philosophers of Confucius, one of the twenty-four filial piety, and one of the seventy-two sages of Confucius were worshipped by Confucianism.

Zhongyou is upright, brave and martial. He once bullied Confucius. Confucius inspired him and set up proprieties to teach him. Zilu accepted Confucius' advice and asked him to be his disciple, follow him around the world and be his bodyguard. Pu Yizai, who was later a doctor of Wei state, was famous for his political work. He was upright and brave. During his term of office, he dug ditches to save the poor. He made outstanding achievements in his political work and governed a large area.

In the 40th year of King Jing of Zhou Dynasty (the 15th year of Duke AI of Lu Dynasty), when the Wei state was in civil strife, Zilu braved the danger and rushed to the capital of Wei state to rescue Kong Zhen. In the scuffle, he was killed by Kuai AI, died in jieying and was cut into meat mud. Buried in Chanyuan (now Puyang, Henan).

Life of the characters

Born in poverty

As a boy, Zhongyou engaged in all kinds of work to support his family life, and even ate wild vegetables to satisfy his hunger. Before joining Confucius, records of the historian recorded that he had a strong ambition, a straightforward personality, a cockerel hat and a boar sword to show his invincibility. He once looked down upon Confucius' theory and repeatedly offended and bullied him. For this reason, Confucius designed a few rites and music rituals to guide him slowly. Later, Zi Lu dressed in Confucian clothes, with the gift of worshiping teachers, through the introduction of Confucius students, asked to become a student of Confucius.

Learn from Confucius

He was nine years younger than Confucius and served him the longest among his disciples.

Zhongyou was upright and reckless. He dared to criticize Confucius and correct his mistakes, which was highly valued by Confucius. Zhongyou is strong, upright, versatile, filial, straightforward, brave, committed and loyal to his duty. "Zhi Kang Zhi" also distinguishes Zilu's bravery from the general futility of being brave and aggressive, and makes his bravery contain some connotations of upholding justice, asking for help for the people and not bullying the young and weak. For this reason, he was often denounced by his teachers, saying that he was "braver than me, and had nothing to learn from", "not to die" and so on. Kong Yu once commented on Zilu: "you have been promoted, but you have not entered the room." It can be thought that this is the knowledge of simply commenting on Zilu, and the meaning of this evaluation is more extensive. It shows that although Zilu was baptized by Confucius, his wild Qi was not completely removed. Therefore, Confucius said that he was only "promoted" but never "entered", that is to say, Zilu never became a refined gentleman.

Zhongyou respected Confucius very much, "Zi disease, Zi Lu, please pray.". However, if he has different views on the right and wrong of the same thing, he will also put forward them. Unlike Zai Yu and Yan Hui, he never conceals them. For example, when Confucius Saw Nanzi, Zilu was not happy, because Nanzi was "beautiful and lustful"; when Confucius talked about "rectifying his name", he said that Confucius was too broad-minded, and he even thought that scholars were not the only way to become talents. "Why read and then learn?" he was so frank and Frank that other disciples did not have.

If you have heard of Confucius' confession, you can only judge it unilaterally. Generally speaking, when hearing this lawsuit, we have to listen to two sides. The plaintiff and the defendant can judge only after they have finished speaking. But Zilu was different. He knew who was right and who was wrong when he heard one side of the story, because he had a good head. He didn't need to judge right and wrong according to the way of ordinary people. He was a man of great wisdom and courage. Under his resolute and just judgment, all the people involved were very convinced.

Confucius often talked with his disciples about his ambition. Every time Zhongyou was the first to speak, and most of them talked about how he was brave, how to teach others to be brave, and how to fight. Confucius said to Zilu, "what do you like?" Zilu (to Confucius) said, "I like the long sword." When Confucius traveled around the world, Zhongyou, Yan Hui and others always followed him. Because he was very brave, he actually played the role of defender. So when Confucius evaluated the loyalty of Zilu, he said, "since I have Zhongyou, I have not heard any more malicious words."

Zilu invades officials

According to later generations, once Zilu went to be the head of this place. At that time, the power of the state of Lu was in the hands of the Ji family. The Ji family limited the people to open a canal within five months. In ancient times, the productivity was low. The order of the Ji family was very heavy for the common people. Zilu's administrative district is in charge of this matter. In order to encourage everyone to work, the public funds are not enough, so they pay their own salaries, and even get food from their families for everyone to eat. When Confucius heard the news, he immediately sent Zi Gong to pour out the food that Zi Lu had prepared for the workers and smashed the pot.

Zilu was a quick tempered man. He went to quarrel with the teacher and said to Confucius, "you teach us to do good deeds every day and to do benevolence and righteousness. Now that I do this, you are jealous and against me, and you teach Zigong to make trouble.". Confucius said, "Zilu! Don't be confused. If you become a king, because the world is your own, you forget yourself and love the world. If you become a vassal, you love the people in your own country. If you become a doctor, you only care about the affairs in your own position. Ordinary people love their families and exceed the scope of benevolence and righteousness. Although the benevolence and righteousness act, it violates others, so you are wrong.

Original text:

It is said that: in the past, Zhongyou was the prime minister. Ji's family started Changgou in May. At that time, Zilu used his private rank millet as his rice. When Confucius heard about it, he sent Zi Gong to cover his rice and destroy his utensils. Zilu said: is Confucius jealous of benevolence and righteousness? Confucius said: husband ceremony! The world loves the world, the vassals love the territory, the officials love their posts, the scholars love their families, and they love their families. It is called invading officials. Fanjing

The death of a gentleman is inevitable

He was sixty-three.

Zhongyou was an official in Shandong at the beginning, and later served as a guard. When Confucius was appointed as Sikou of the state of Lu, he was the Prime Minister of Jisun's family, and later the Prime Minister of the doctor Kong Zhen. In 480 B.C. in Weizhuang, Kong's mother, Bo Ji, and others conspired to make Kuai AI (Bo Ji's younger brother) king, and coerced Kong to kill Wei Chugong, who fled after hearing the news. After hearing the news outside, Zhongyou went to the city to see Kuai. Kuai ordered Shiqi to wave a sword to kill Zi Lu Guanying. Zi Lu said, "when a gentleman dies, he can't help it." Even if a gentleman is dying, he should be well dressed

”

He was cut into meat sauce in the process of fastening his hat tassel.

Jingshi: it's normal to attach importance to personal honor. If the flag is there, people will be there. If the flag is dead, people will be dead.

Or, Confucius hoped that Zhongyou could pay attention to his clothes, so as to conform to the status of the scholar. Everyone loves beauty. Although Confucius knew that he was clever and benevolent, he still made himself behave properly.

It is the most helpless way for him to withdraw from the political disputes without losing the loyalty of the samurai.

Main achievements

No sustenance

Zhongyou followed Confucius all his life, protected him, and actively defended or practiced his thoughts and doctrines, which had great contribution to Confucianism and influence on future generations. He was filial to his son, good at governance for the people, honest and trustworthy, loyal, benevolent and courageous. When he heard of Confucius, he was happy, when he heard of goodness, he would do what he saw, when he saw danger, he would save. His morality and behavior were like the sun and the moon in heaven and rivers. Lighting the world, moistening China, ranked among the ten philosophers, known as sages.

Zilu's straightness and bravery had been formed before he learned from Confucius. Zilu's straightness was reflected in his words, that is, he never adulterated and deceived. Confucius commented that: "a piece of speech can break the prison, and why is it related to him? There is no surefire in Zilu. " It means that what Zilu promised to fulfill today will never be delayed until tomorrow. Confucius had a deep understanding of Zilu's loyalty and faithfulness. He once asserted: "Confucius said," if my claim doesn't work, I'll go abroad on a raft. Only Zhongyou can follow me When he was at the end of his life and fled overseas, only Zilu was with him.

Zilu was very filial, brave and straightforward. He was willing to accept other people's correction and immediately changed his ways. He respected his teachers and often spoke out to Confucius. After Zilu died in Kuai AI's rebellion in Wei state, Confucius heard of his death and shed tears. He didn't eat meat sauce before he died.

What Emperor Xuanzong respected“

Marquis Wei

”Song Zhenzong was granted the title of“

Hanoi

”In the Song Dynasty, duzong was also respected“

Duke Wei

”。 It was renamed in the ninth year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty“

Sage zhongzi

”。

Take care of your parents

When Zilu was a child, his family was very poor and lived on coarse grain and wild vegetables for many years. Once, the old parents wanted to eat rice, but they didn't have any rice at home. Zilu thought that if he went over a few mountains to borrow some rice from his relatives, he could meet his parents' demand. As a result, little Zilu walked over the mountains for more than ten miles, carrying a small bag of rice from his relatives' home. Seeing his parents eating delicious rice, Zilu forgot to be tired. The neighbors praised Zilu as a brave and filial child.

Political talent

Confucius set up a case to teach his disciples, and set up four subjects: morality, political affairs, speech and literature.

Confucius has repeatedly talked about his "political skills" and introduced him to others: for Zilu, he can be appointed to govern the military logistics of Qiancheng kingdom. As for whether he is benevolent or not, I don't know. He began to enter the official career when Confucius was a "zhongduzai" and "dashikou" in the state of Lu. At first, he did some small things in Jisun's family. Later, he was trusted and promoted to "jishizai", that is, the manager of Jisun's family. Later, he also did "feizai".

When Confucius traveled around the world and lived in the Wei state, he became the "doctor Pu" of Puyi, the actual ruler of the Wei state. In the three years before and after, he made a lot of achievements, which was praised by Confucius. In the third year of Zilu's governance, Confucius passed by and entered the country, saying, "good! I believe it from seriousness! " He went into the city and said, "good! From faithfulness to tolerance! " Go to the courtyard and say, "good! It's judged by observation.

In Xiaoying state, a man named she led a group of people to the state of Lu. He specially named Zhongyou to make a treaty on behalf of the state of Lu, but no one else did

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