Chengyang

Chengyang County

Chengyang County, which is named Chengyang in historical records, is located in Huji Town, northwest of Heze City, Shandong Province.

Emperor Yao's capital was Chengyang. The Western Zhou Dynasty was the capital of the state of Ying. In 195 B.C., Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty set up the state of marquis Yang. In the first year of Jianyuan of the Han Dynasty (140 B.C.), Chengyang county was established as Jiyin County, which remained unchanged in the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties. It was changed into Chengyang County in the Jin Dynasty and Leize County in the Sui Dynasty.

There is Emperor Yao's mausoleum in the northeast of the old city of Chengyang. According to Zheng Xuan's Mao poem Cao Pu, Yao tasted Chengyang in the past, died and was buried.

Heze is the hometown of Fuxi and Yao and shun. In 2017, after years of hard work, the old city wall of Jiyin Chengyang was finally identified, with the length of 1475m in the south, 1457m in the north, 690m in the East, 700m in the West and 4327m in the circumference, covering an area of 1036000 square meters.

Historical evolution

In ancient times, it was called Cheng. In the era of the five emperors, it was called Pingyang. Emperor Yao's capital was Chengyang. Shu Wu, the seventh son of King Wen of the Western Zhou Dynasty, granted it Chengguo, which was called Chengyang. In the spring and Autumn period, Pingyang became an important town in the east of Wei state. In the Qin Dynasty, it was Chengyang county (to be examined), belonging to the East County. In 195b.c., the Western Han Dynasty was established as the Yang Marquis state in Mudan District and juancheng District of Heze City, Shandong Province. In the first year of Jianyuan (140 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, it was a county and Yanzhou Jiyin county (Dingtao state). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was Yanzhou Jiyin county and Chengyang county.

Chengyang was renamed Chengyang County in Jin Dynasty. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Chengyang county was abandoned, and Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty restored it to the old city of Chengyang. Because it was near Leize (now the junction of Heze City and juancheng county), it was called Leize county.

Historical records

According to the historical records of Xiang Yu, Xiang Liang's envoys Peigong and Xiang Yu did not attack Chengyang and slaughtered it. In the west, the Qin army broke the east of Puyang, and the Qin army earned income from Puyang. Pei Gong and Xiang Yu attacked Dingtao, which was written in Shiji Zhengyi in Chengyang. Kuo Di Zhi said: "Leize County in Puzhou, Chengyang County in Han Dynasty, is ninety-one Li to the east of the state. According to geographical records, yunchengyang belongs to Jiyin County, the ancient Yingbo state and the state of Ji surname. In historical records, King Wu of Zhou granted his younger brother Ji to Ying, and later moved to chengzhiyang, so it was called Chengyang. "

Xiang Yu's chronicle of the historian also says: "because of his independence as the king of Qi, Tian Rong killed Wang Tian'an in the West and Wang Sanqi in the West In the winter of the second year of the Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu went north to Chengyang, and Tian Rong also fought. " There is no explanation under the text of "Chengyang" here, which means that historians believe that this Chengyang is the same place as the previous Chengyang. According to the records of emperor Gaozu in historical records, "the army of Qi returned, and Chu pursued the North alone, so that Peigong and Xiang Yu did not attack Chengyang and slaughtered it." Here, under the "Chengyang" text, "Shiji Suoyin" press: "geographers belong to Jiyin". "Historical records of emperor Gaozu" also says: "when Xiang Wang attacked Qi in the north, Tian Rong and Zhan Chengyang Tian Rongdi established RongZi as king of Qi, and the king of Qi rebelled against Chengyang of Chu. " There is no explanation under the text of "Chengyang" here, which means that historians believe that this Chengyang is the same place as the previous Chengyang.

Therefore, the Tang Dynasty's "Shiji Zhengyi" and "Shiji Suoyin" think that Chengyang in the early Han Dynasty is located in the northeast of Dingtao.

Chengyang City

The ancient city of Chengyang under the ground of Huji Town, Mudan District, Heze City is identified as the ancient city of pre Qin by the cultural relics department. During the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties, the Jin Dynasty was destroyed by wars and floods. Combined with historical records, Hanshu and geographical records of Tang and Song Dynasties, the city is Chengyang, the former capital of Chengguo in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Chengyang County in Jiyin County in the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, and abandoned in the Northern Qi Dynasty. In Tang Dynasty, Leize county was restored to Puzhou. In Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty. Jin Zhenyou abandoned the county as a town in the second year. Leize town calendar Jin Yuan two hundred years, in the first year of Hongwu collapsed in the Yellow pan, flooded and silted underground. In the Ming Dynasty, pingyangtun was built here. After that, it was completely buried in the ground.

The Longshan Han Han cultural site, which covers an area of 70000 square meters, is the Yao mausoleum site in the literature. "Lu's spring and Autumn Annals" said: "Yao buried grain forest, through the tree." "Shangshu Da Zhuan" said: "Yao buried into Yang." Liu Xiang said: "Yao buried Jiyin." There are Yao tombs and Lingtai. "Yugong" Leize is in the northwest Huangfumi of the Western Jin Dynasty said in the imperial century: "Chengyang is the grain forest." "Shuijingzhu" of the Northern Wei Dynasty said: "today, there are two Li in the west of Chengyang County, and one li in the south of Chengyang County, there are the tombs of Yaomu Qingdu." "In the west of the city, there is the temple of Lady Zhongshan, and there is a monument in front of it." The old city of Huji is less than 1000 meters away from the site of Yaowang temple in the West and 600 meters in the south. There is a rammed earth layer several meters thick under Maozhuang village. The remnant stele of Mrs. Zhongshan was unearthed in the site, which completely conforms to the records of the mausoleum of Yao, the mausoleum of Yao's mother and Mrs. Zhongshan in shuijingzhu. This mausoleum is Yao mausoleum in Hanshu, which can be confirmed. According to the five steles of Yao mausoleum recorded in Hou Han Shu and Li Shi, the Han Emperor and local officials of Jiyin and Chengyang offered sacrifices to the mausoleum on time. The Yao mausoleum in Chengyang was destroyed by the war and yellow flood at the turn of song and Jin Dynasties. The sacrificial rites gradually disappeared, and then it was occupied by Buddhism and Taoism temples. However, the location of the mausoleum in various local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, that is, 50 Li northeast of Caozhou (Heze), has been recorded in books, reflecting that the mausoleum of Yao in Hanshu always exists in the records of historical documents.

In historical records of the Western Han Dynasty, the biography of cargo colonizers: "the husband came from the east of the chasm, to the north of Mang and Dang, and belonged to Juye, which was also in Liang and Song dynasties. Tao and Suiyang are also cities. In the past, Yao toured Chengyang (northeast of Heze), Shunyu Leize (southeast of juancheng), and Tang ended in Bo (southeast of Caoxian). Its custom still has the legacy of the former king. It emphasizes many gentlemen and is good at farming. Although it is not spared by mountains and rivers, it can be evil in food and clothing and lead to its accumulation. " (Sima Qian established Emperor Yao in Chengyang, Yushun in Leize and Shangtang in Bo, which is located in Heze today.)

"Hanshu" said: "in the past, Yao made a tour to Chengyang, Shun made a fishing trip to Leize, and Tang stopped in Bo." "Geography records of the Han Dynasty:" Yanzhou Jiyin County Chengyang County, there are Yaozhong, Lingtai According to the general meaning of Customs of the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Yao ruins are located in Chengyang County, Jiyin county. The ruins of emperor Zhuanxu are also the ruins of Kaibo. Ying Shao: Yaoxu is close to Leize, and later generations called it Yaocheng. " According to the collection of poems of Cao Feng in the book of Zheng Xuan's Poems: "in the past, when Yao tasted the journey to Chengyang, he died and was buried. Shun fishing in Leize, folk customs began to turn, its legacy heavy thick, many gentlemen, business farming, thin food and clothing so that livestock accumulation

Three Kingdoms period

"The emperor's tomb is in the Three Kingdoms." Western Jin Dynasty "Emperor Century" said: "Yao buried Jiyin Chengyang northwest forty miles, is for the grain forest." "Yao tomb in Jiyin Chengyang." Yao "buried in the northwest of Chengyang in Jiyin, it was for the grain forest." "When Yao buried the grain forest, the grain forest became Yang." "Mozi thought that Yaotang had three feet, tuyisan and Beijiao Badi. The death of Tao is buried in the shadow of the mountain. The book of mountains and seas says: "Yao buried the Yang of Di mountain, and was named Chongshan." Second, he thought that Chengyang was the tomb of Yao. " According to the geographical records of the book of Jin, "there are Yaoling and Lingtai in Chengyang County, and Shunyu and Leize in the northwest."

According to shuijingzhu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, "there are Yao tombs and Lingtai in Chengyang. Today, there are Yao tombs in the west two li of Chengyang city and Qingdu Mausoleum of Yao mother in the south one li of Chengyang city." Yucheng is in the southwest, which is called RI Lingtai. The town is called RI Chongren, and the town is called Xiuyi. Around the row of water, pool but not flow, shuize (refers to Leize Lake) spring, spring is not exhausted, to abundant fish shoots, dare not catch. There are several steles in front of it. There are several Sabina vulgaris trees and tanma Chenglin. The two mausoleums are lined up in the north and south, and the roads are straight. They are all built of bricks and are still in repair. Yao mausoleum East City West more than 50 steps, Zhongshan lady temple, Yao imperial concubine also Kuo Di Zhi of Tang Dynasty: "Yao mausoleum is located in the west of Leize County, Puzhou, and Lingtai is located in the south of the mausoleum." In kuodizhi of Tang Dynasty, "Yao City is thirteen Li East of Leize, which is Yao market." Tang Dynasty's shidaozhi: "the tomb of Yao is in the boundary of Caozhou." The records of Yuanhe County in Tang Dynasty and Taiping world in Song Dynasty are the same as those in kuodizhi. Tong Dian of Tang Dynasty: "the tomb of Yao is in the boundary of Caozhou." Yuan Dynasty's general textual research on Literature: "the tomb of Yao is in the boundary of Caozhou."

Chinese PinYin : Cheng Yang