Wu Zong of Yuan Dynasty

Haishan

Yuan Wu Zong Bo Er Jin · Haishan

(1281-1311), the third emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the seventh Khan of the Mongolian Empire (1307-1311). He is the great grandson of Kublai Khan, the grandson of Yuzong Zhenjin, the son of Shunzong dalamabala, and the nephew of Chengzong Timur. His mother is empress Daji of Zhaoxian Yuansheng, and his younger brother is Renzong Aiyu libalibada.

In his early years, Haishan received a certain degree of Confucian education in the palace. In 1299, he was ordered out of the town of Mobei to quell the chaos of Haidu. In 1304, he was appointed king of Huaining. In 1307, yuanchengzong collapsed without an heir. Aiyulibalibada launched a coup in Dadu. She got rid of the empress of Chengzong, boyuewu buluhan, and Ananda, the king of Anxi whom she tried to support. Haishan led his army to the south from Mobei, gained the right of succession to the throne, and ascended to Shangdu. In return, he canonized Aiyu libalibada as the crown prince.

Haishan has been in power for less than four years, but has implemented many reforms. He flaunted that "Pu Cong Kuang" was granted a wide range of official rewards. He set up another Shangshu province outside Zhongshu Province, built yuanzhongdu, carried out financial management policy, issued "Zhida bank notes" and "Zhida Tongbao", strengthened shipping, and increased taxes. Culturally, while worshiping Tibetan Buddhism, he continued the policy of religious freedom and granted Confucius the title of "the most holy king of culture and publicity". At the beginning of 1311, Haishan died in Dadu, and the crown prince Aiyu libaliba succeeded to the throne. All the reform measures of Haishan came to an abrupt end without success.

After the death of Haishan, the temple became famous

Wuzong

, posthumous title

Emperor Renhui xuanxiao

. The Mongolian Khan is

Trigeminal sweat

.

Life of the characters

Early experience

On July 19, 1281, in the 18th year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, Dala mabala's wife gave birth to a son. More than three years later, she got another son. Kublai Khan asked Zhang liusun, a Taoist priest, to name the two great grandchildren. Their elder brother is Haishan, and their younger brother is Shoushan. They are the later yuanwuzong and yuanrenzong, respectively.

His grandfather Zhenjin (yuanyuzong) was the crown prince of the Yuan Dynasty, but he died in December 1285. His father, dalamabala, was very popular with Kublai Khan and was expected to become the heir to the throne, but he died early in 1292. Therefore, Kublai Khan granted the crown prince treasure to Timur, the youngest son of Zhenjin, Haishan's uncle. In 1294, Kublai Khan passed away and Timur ascended the throne, which was the foundation of yuan Chengzong.

Haishan brothers were raised by Xue Qitai Puji (Tangwu people) when they were young, and they learned some Confucian classics. When yuan chengzonggang succeeded to the throne, Kuo Kuo Zhen, Zhenjin's wife, hired Li Meng, a Han Confucian, to further teach them. At that time, the Yuan Dynasty was engaged in a protracted war with the rebellious kings in the northwest, such as Haidu and DUWA. In the winter of the second year of Dade (1298), the commander of the yuan army, Wang Kuo Kuo Chu, failed to take precautions and was defeated. His son-in-law, Kuo Li Ji Si, was captured by the rebels. Cheng Zong then issued an imperial edict to replace Kuo Kuo Chu with Haishan to lead the army in the northwest. In 1299, Haishan arrived at the front line of Chenghai (today's khobudo area of Mongolia). With the help of Kitai Puji, he strengthened the garrison and trained the army in case of rebel invasion. In August of the fourth year of Dade (1300), Haishan defeated Haidu army. The next year, he led his army to fight with Haidu on the Mongolian Plateau, and Haidu was defeated. After that, the war came to an end, but Haishan still stayed in Mobei town to pacify the army and the people. In 1304, he was granted the title of King Huaining and gold seal, eating 65000 households in Ruizhou. After the 10th year of Dade (1306), Haishan led his troops across Jinshan and pursued chabaer and other Haidu tribes in the Shihe River (today's Ertis River) of ye'er, further consolidating the rule of the Yuan Dynasty over Mobei.

Ascend the throne for the Emperor

On the eighth day of the first month of the 11th year of Dade (1307), yuan Chengzong died in Dadu jade hall. His crown prince Deshou died early and had no other offspring, so the throne was vacant. According to the old system of Mongolia, when the throne was empty, the Regent of the Imperial Palace was buluhan, who called the ministers of the clan to hold a hulitai meeting to elect a new monarch. Buluhan and ahutai, the left prime minister, are going to support Ananda, the cousin of Chengzong and the king of Anxi who believes in Islam. Because he is the oldest of Kublai Khan's grandchildren, they call him to assist in Beijing; while halahasun, the right prime minister, tries to support Haishan brothers, so immediately after Chengzong's death, he secretly sends someone to inform Haishan in Mobei, Daji in huaizhou and aiyulibalibada to enter quickly Beijing. At this time, in order to prevent Haishan from seizing the throne, buluhan gave a secret order to cut off the post road leading to Mobei. Kanglituotuo, who was ordered by halahasun to report to the north, through his elder brother ashabuhua, dredged the tongzhengyuan and changed the date of the Chiyi document in his hand, so that he could take the post horse to the seamount on the day when brahhan gave the order. After that, halahasun received the seal of the hundred divisions in the capital, sealed the Treasury, and said that he was sick and lying outside the palace. Pruhan gave orders many times, but he did not listen to them or deal with administrative documents. On the one hand, this action can prevent Braham from mobilizing the power resources of the administrative center to issue orders and plan the plan of the imperial appellation system. On the other hand, it can prevent the queen group from taking the place of the left Prime Minister ahutai and controlling the central library. Halahasun insisted on staying on duty in Zhongshu Province in March, and waited patiently for the time to fight back.

After receiving the news of Chengzong's death, Haishan, far away from Mobei, was ready to return to the court immediately. Later, because he begged taipuji to persuade him that it was "hard to get away" with the Monan issue, he temporarily suspended his journey to see the situation. In March of the 11th year of Dade (1307), Haishan led his troops back to Helin from the front line of Jinshan. He called a meeting of all the kings of Mobei to kill the king yizhili who was conspiring with Ananda. The ministers of the clan who attended the meeting agreed to persuade him to enter. At this time, Haishan had learned that Daji and aiyulibalibada had come to Dadu first, and decided to spy on the trend in Helin. So he declined the advice of the kings, and claimed that he would not ascend the throne until the ministers of the clan came to the assembly of Qi and hulitai.

After ayulibalibada's mother and son arrived in Dadu, with the help of Li Meng and halahasun, they launched a palace coup and brought down buluhan, Ananda, ahutai and others at one stroke. At this point, the throne swayed among the brothers of Haishan. All the kings Kuo Kuo Chu, yahudu and Fu Li Meng, the teacher of ayulibalibada, advised ayulibalibada to ignore Haishan and ascend the throne by himself. Daji also thought that "heaven is heaven" Therefore, based on the theory of yin and Yang, the hexagram "Chongguang great wilderness (Xinsi year when Haishan was born) has disaster, Zhanmeng zuogu (Yiyou year when Aiyu libalibada was born) is long" is calculated, and the hexagram is sent to Haishan in Mobei to show it, implying that he gave up the throne. Haishan was waiting in Helin, and most of them sent someone to meet him. Unexpectedly, he would come to preach such a sermon. He angrily pointed out: "I defend the border area. I've worked hard for ten years, and I live in a long order. What's the doubt about the return of the artifact? Today, the Empress Dowager takes the fate of the stars as her saying. The way of heaven is boundless. Who can know? If, after my accession to the throne, the facilities are in line with the will of heaven and the popularity of the people, even though it is only a short day, it will be famous for thousands of years. How can I trust my ancestors with the words of yin and Yang? This is a treacherous conspiracy to shake big ben'er, because he is good at killing the officials who have been in charge recently, and he is afraid that I may punish them in the future. " Then he ordered Kangli to return the disease to the capital, saying that he was determined to inherit the throne. Then Haishan himself led 30000 troops and went south in three directions.

Faced with the powerful military deterrence of seamount, his mother, brother and most ministers were forced to change their original ideas and express their admiration to seamount. In May 1307, Haishan arrived at Shangdu and gathered together with zongqi ministers to hold a hulitai meeting. On the one hand, he executed buluhan and Ananda, on the other hand, he confirmed Haishan's succession to the throne. On May 21, Haishan is located in Shangdu, which is called Wuzong of the Yuan Dynasty. After he ascended the throne, his father dalamabala was Emperor Shunzong Zhaosheng Yanxiao, and Aiyu libalibada was the crown prince. On December 29, he issued an imperial edict to change the yuan to "Zhida", officially opening the reign of emperor Wuzong for more than three years.

Consolidate the rule

When Emperor Wuzong succeeded to the throne, he took over an empire that looked strong and stable, but actually had many drawbacks. Yuan Chengzong, his predecessor, pursued the policy of "keeping profit and keeping success", which worsened the problems left over by the incomplete Sinicization of Kublai Khan's time and the conflict between Han law and Huihui law, and troubled the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. The main problems of Cheng Zong's time were the excessive granting and sealing of zongqi ministers, the serious redundancy and low administrative efficiency, and the increasingly prominent corruption. Of course, the most serious problem was the collapse of the money law in the economy, and the sharp depreciation of the yuan currency, which led to soaring prices, inflation, and the impact of fiscal revenue. In addition to the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, the problems faced by Wuzong were very thorny, so he had to adjust his "Shoucheng" policy and adjust his rule. Although Wuzong was in power for a short time, he carried out many reforms in various aspects to consolidate the rule of the Yuan Dynasty.

After emperor Wuzong joined Datong, most of the central government officials were selected from Mongolian and Semu generals in Northwest China. Hara Hassen, who worships Confucianism and Youwen, initially remained as Prime Minister of Zhongshu right, but two months later he was released as the newly established Prime Minister of helingxing province. The ministers trusted by Wuzong include qitaipuji (from Tang Wu), tuohutuo (from Wei Wu ER), sanbaonu (from western regions), Leshi (from Gaoli), baoba (from Semu or Mongolian), manggetimuer (from Fulin, the grandson of Aixue), Wangdi, etc. Apart from Zhongshu Province, Wuzong set up Shangshu province to settle his cronies and carry out reform. In politics, Emperor Wuzong carried out the policy of "being lenient" and made a large number of official titles and increased rewards. At the same time, he carried out examinations and prepared for suburban worship. In economy, he reformed the banknote law, issued "Zhida silver banknotes" and issued "dayuantong" copper coins

Chinese PinYin : Yuan Wu Zong