LuLun

LuLun

Lu Lun (739-799), whose name is Yunyan, was born in Puxian County in Hezhong (now Puxian County in Shanxi Province). His ancestral home is Zhuozhou County in Fanyang (now Zhuozhou in Hebei Province). He was born in the fourth room of Lu's northern ancestor in Fanyang. He is a descendant of Lu Shangzhi, the governor of Jizhou and Guanglu in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He is a poet, scholar and one of the ten talents in Dali.

In the last years of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao of Tang Dynasty, he was elected as a Jinshi, but he was not in the first place in chaos. In the sixth year of Dali, he was recommended by the prime minister Yuanzai to be Wenxiang Wei. Later, he was recommended by the Prime Minister Wang Jin to be Jixian bachelor, Secretary of the provincial school, and promoted to censor. It was issued by Hucao of Shanzhou and the order of Mi County of Henan. Later, Yuan Zai and Wang Jin were convicted and implicated. In the Tang Dynasty, he was the magistrate of hunzhong county. He died soon. He is the author of Lu Hubu's poetry collection.

Life of the characters

Lu Lun, a famous poet, was so dissatisfied in his whole life. It was only because of the recommendation of powerful people that he became an official for a short period of time. It can be said that he benefited from social intercourse. Besides the prime ministers yuan Zai and Wang Jin mentioned above, there are also prime ministers Chang Guan, Li Mian, Qi Ying, Lu Zhi, Jia Dan, Pei Jun and Ling Hu Chu who have worked as real ministers. Hun Li, Ma Sui and Wei Gao are also powerful figures though they have not worked as prime ministers.

Lu Lun's poems are mainly in the style of five or seven words, and most of them are composed of singing and giving answers. However, the poems he wrote in his military life, such as "saixiaqu", have always been recited for their powerful style and generous mood. When he was young, because he lived in various places to avoid chaos, he had some contact with reality. Some poems also reflected the poverty of people's life and the depression of social economy after the war, such as meeting the sick old man in the south of the village. Others, such as the early work "late Ezhou" written by Qi LV, describe the journey south to avoid An'an and historical chaos, the mood and experience of staying at night, which is real, vivid and deep in emotion. Seven character song line "La RI Guan Xian Ning Wang Bu Qu Qu Qu Qu Hu Ge" describes the fighting between the strong and the fierce tiger, which is soul stirring and lively. Guan Shiming of the Qing Dynasty said in his notes on Tang poetry in the snow mountain house: "those who are the masters of the Dali Dynasty and are also good at the seven character ancient poetry can be named as Tui LuLun and Han Yu, compared with Mojie (Wang Wei) and Dongchuan (Li Qi). "

This book contains 10 volumes of Lu Hubu's poetry anthology, and is included in the complete collection of 100 famous poets of Tang Dynasty. There are also three volumes of Lu Lun's poetry anthology published by Ming Zhengde, ten volumes and five lost poems in Quan Tang poetry. There are five volumes of his poems in quantangshi, and his deeds can be found in old Tangshu · biography of Lu Jianci and new Tangshu · biography of literature and art.

Lu Lun, who is crowned as one of the top ten talents in Dali of Tang Dynasty, is famous for his poems. However, his life and official career are not smooth. However, his extensive friends make him an active socialist and finally enter his official career.

The year of birth and death to be examined

Lu Lun's birth year is generally referred to as the seventh year of Tianbao (748) of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty in reference books, and the seventh year of Tianbao in the history of Chinese literature written by you Guoen and others is based on Wen Yiduo's great collection of Tang poetry.

Mr. Fu xuancong thinks that the theory of 748 can not be established in his research on poets of Tang Dynasty. The reason is that Yao he's Ji Xuan Ji and the biography of Lu Jian CI in the old book of Tang Dynasty did not rank the first place in Lu Lun's Tianbao. The records of the Tang and Five Dynasties should be reliable. If he was born in the seventh year of Tianbao (748), he was only a child of eight or nine years old at the end of Tianbao, so he could not be promoted. Lu Lun wrote a few poems from Yun for Zhide Zhong. If he was born in 748, Zhide Zhong was only in his teens, so he could not write these poems. Fu's theory is more reasonable. Wen Yiduo and you Guoen did not put forward the basis, but should be based on Fu.

Fu xuancong pointed out that Lu Lun's birth date could not be 748, but should be greatly advanced. He should be born in the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737) or earlier. As for the year of Lu Lun's death, the general reference book is about 800 years old, that is, the 16th year of Zhenyuan. According to the detailed textual research of Fu xuancong's book, Lu Lun died in the 14th and 15th years of Zhenyuan, namely 798-799 years.

Juvenile imperial examination

In his youth, Lu Lun's family was not very good and the world was not peaceful. His father might have died earlier, and he was very ill. His life was not good. He might have spent a lot of time in his uncle's house. In his poem "Lun and Ji Shi Lang Zhong Fu Si Kong, doctor Shu and Miao Yuanwai FA Cui Bu que Dong", he claimed: "when I was eight years old, I began to study, so there were soldiers everywhere I'm lonely and cheap, and I'm seldom sick. " He also said in the poem "go to Chizhou to pay homage to my uncle and stay to study the doctor's uncle" that "if you are lonely and cheap, you can easily learn from each other. What does it look like. They grow up in other countries. The mulberry and elm of other countries are here, stained with blood and tears. We should take pity on the stray geese, and the frost graupel will send smoke waves. "

After a few years, Lu Lun's road to the test was not smooth. As mentioned above, Ji Xuan Ji and Jiu Tang Shu all recorded that Lu luntian Bao was not the first to be promoted to the imperial examination. Lu Lun wrote a poem "after the fall of the throne, return to the South and leave the industry", saying: "I have been wronged by my name for a long time, and I will return to the mountain in the spring. "Falling feather is ashamed to say his life, but he is forced to break his face when he meets people." Lun and Ji Shi Lang Zhong Fu 》It said: "Fang Fengsu is better than Jin, but he didn't know the Duke and Qing. You can't wait ten years, but you can't succeed in three years. " It can be seen from these poems that Lu luntianbao lived and studied in Zhongnanshan before he was finished, and he applied for the exam several times, but he failed to catch up. Later, he "offered his relatives to stay away from Poyang", but failed to do so for several times. Perhaps he was forced by life, or his family suffered an accident, and went to Poyang. Maybe his uncle's family lived in Poyang at that time, so he went to take refuge in his uncle's family again. At the beginning of the great calendar, Lu Lun went to Chang'an from Shaoyang to apply for the imperial examination. According to the legend of the new book of the Tang Dynasty, he was not included in the imperial examination at the beginning of the great calendar. On the way to the test, it was a complete failure.

Make friends in official career

Although Lu Lun failed many times and his life and official career were not smooth, he became more and more famous in the poetry world. Moreover, he had a wide range of friends. He was an active socialist and finally entered the official career. During the Dali period, he was in Chang'an and Poyang, making friends and singing with Ji Zhongfu, sikongshu, miaofe, Cui Dong, Geng Gai and Li Duan, known as the "ten talents of Dali". Lu Lun is the crown of ten talented scholars. He was appreciated and recommended by prime ministers yuan Zai and Wang Jin. He entered the official career from the poetry world. Yuan Zai introduced Lu Lun's poems to the emperor to supplement the Xiang Wei. Later, because of Wang Jin's courtesy, he became a Jixian bachelor and a censor. In the middle, he was once the magistrate of Gong county in Henan Province. When Yuanzai and Wang Jin were convicted, Lu Lun was implicated, so he was also detained. After the succession of Dezong, Lu Lun was appointed magistrate of Zhaoying county. After Zhu's rebellion, Hun, the king of Xianning, came out of Zhenhe and called Lu Lun to be the judge of Marshal's office. The military life made Lu Lun's poetic style more rough and vigorous. His poems about the military frontier fortress are very lively, which are difficult for other poets. Because of his poems, Dezong paid more attention to them than the doctor of Hubu. Just as he was about to rise to the top in officialdom, his life ended.

Lu Lun was so dissatisfied in his whole life. It was only because of the recommendation of powerful people that he became an official for a short period of time. It can be said that he benefited from social intercourse. In addition to the prime ministers yuan Zai and Wang Jin mentioned above, there are also prime ministers Chang Guan, Li Mian, Qi Ying, Lu Zan, Jia Dan, Pei Jun and Ling Hu Cong who have worked in real posts. Hun Li, Ma Sui and Wei Gao, though not prime ministers, are also powerful figures. Lu Lun also had contacts with the feudal officials, important court officials, and those who were in charge of official recruitment and promotion.

Appreciation of poetry

Sick soldier

"Most of the people who travel are ill, but there is no food to live in. "I can't bear to let autumn air enter the golden sores." This poem is about a soldier who was wounded and discharged on the way back home. From the title of the poem, it may be based on the life events witnessed by the author. The poet focuses on the image of the characters by means of concentrated description and double rendering. After the wounded soldier in the poem retired from the army, he soon found that he was still waiting for his tragic fate. The more you do, the more tired you are; and the more sick you are, the more embarrassed you are to those who are on the way. Disease can not line, it leads to "live" meaning. However, it's not easy to live. After leaving the army, the supplies were cut off, and during the long journey, the dry food was exhausted. In the situation of "no food", one more day is spent and one more day is punished. The first sentence is just seven words, which describes the triple unbearable situation of "sick soldier" and tells the whole story of his dilemma and dilemma. This is the wonderful use of "double" technique. The second sentence carries on the word "Xing" and further describes the situation of the characters. It is divided into two layers. "Returning thousands of miles" is the purpose and hope of "sick soldiers". Although there will be no good luck waiting for him in his hometown, he will die in his hometown. Although "travel more", but the hometown is thousands of miles away, not the road will be more. Even the poor wish of dying in the countryside is hard to realize. This makes the word "not to the countryside" full of unspeakable indignation and sorrow, which makes readers feel sour. Here, "thousands of miles to return home" is a misfortune, for poetry is an indulgence; however, "not to the countryside", is "happy" to do sad, for poetry is a capture. As a result of this kind of escapement, so that the poem read to sing three sighs, low back endless.

The first two sentences of the poem do not directly describe the appearance of the characters. We can only hear it, but not see it. However, due to double rendering and singing, the character image is ready to come out. On the basis of the first two sentences, the third sentence further depicts the appearance of the characters, which is more vivid and prominent, just like the statue is placed in an appropriate environment. The word "Peng bin" vividly reproduces a character who is tired, sick, hungry and tortured. "Mourning" is directly due to illness and hunger, especially the attack of trauma. "Sick soldiers" have been injured ("golden sores"), which coincides with the arrival of "autumn gas" and the deterioration of the climate, so the old injuries recur. From here we can know that his clothes are thin and poor, and he can't keep out the cold. Therefore, the fourth sentence has written three "unbearable". In addition, there is another layer that has not yet been clearly written, which is not difficult for readers to understand. That is, the "sick soldiers" are often afraid of dying on the road and leaving their bones in other places. It is because of the physical and mental pain

Chinese PinYin : Lu Lun