Sima Shao

Sima Shao

Sima Shao (299-325), whose name is Daoji, was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi prefecture (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). He was born in Langya state (now Linyi City, Shandong Province). The second emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the eldest son of Sima Rui, the Yuan emperor of the Jin Dynasty, and the brother of Sima Yu, the Jianwen emperor of the Jin Dynasty,

He is filial, gentle and resourceful. Yongchang first year (322), officially ascended the throne. During his reign, relying on the weak central government, he successfully checked and balanced the aristocratic families and promoted the social stability and development in the south. In the second year of Taining (324), Wang Dun's rebellion was calmed, Wang Dun's party members stopped being investigated, Prime Minister Wang Dao was fully used, the harmonious relationship with Jiangdong gentry was maintained, the aftermath of the "Wang Dun's Rebellion" was successfully done, and the situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was stabilized, which had a far-reaching impact on the stability of the overall situation of the country and the royal authority.

In the third year of Taining (325), he died of illness and died at the age of 27. He was named Emperor Ming and was buried in Wuping mausoleum.

Life experience

Early experience

Sima Shao was clever when he was young, and he was favored by his father Sima Rui. In the first year of Yongjia (307), Sima Shao and his father, Sima Rui, moved to the town to build a business (later Jiankang, now Nanjing, Jiangsu).

In the first year of Jianxing (313), Sima ye, the emperor of Jin Dynasty, succeeded to the throne and was promoted to Sima Rui as the prime minister. Sima Shao was the general of dongzhonglang and guarded Guangling.

On the 9th of March in the first year of Jianwu (317), Sima Rui was the king of Jin Dynasty. On the fourth day of April, Sima Rui made Sima Shao the son of the king of Jin.

On the 10th of March in the first year of Taixing (318), Sima Rui ascended the throne and became emperor, which was the first emperor of Jin Dynasty. On March 24, emperor yuan of Jin Dynasty made Sima Shao the crown prince.

Sima Shao is very filial, talented and tactful. He respects the virtuous and loves the guests. He likes the rhetoric of articles. Famous officials at that time, from Wang Dao and Yu Liang to Wen Qiao, Huan Yi and Ruan Fang, were highly valued. He once argued with ministers about the true and false meaning of saints, but the opinions of Wang Dao and others could not make Sima Shao submissive. He is also good at learning martial arts and is good at pacifying soldiers. At that time, there were so many talented people in Jiangdong that they all went back to Sima Shao.

During the rebellion of wangdun, the six Royal armies were defeated. Sima Shao wants to lead his soldiers to fight against the rebels. He gets on the car and starts off. Wen Qiao, the common son of the crown prince, resolutely remonstrated and cut off the horse rope with his sword.

Wang dunping believed that Sima Shao was a wise man, admired and trusted by the people of the government and the public. He planned to depose him with the charge of unfilial. So all the officials asked Wen Qiao in public, "what merits does the crown prince deserve to be praised?" He must make Wen Qiao speak the words of the deposed prince. Wen Qiao replied: "to explore the profound way of governing the country and make the country stable for a long time is not something that people with short experience can understand. From the perspective of etiquette, this is filial piety. " The ministers thought Wen Qiao's opinion was correct, so Wang Dun's plot was stopped.

Ascend the throne

Sima Rui died on the 10th day of November in the first year of Yongchang (322). On the 11th day of November, Sima Shao, the crown prince of Yongchang, was the emperor and granted amnesty to the whole world. He was the emperor of Jin and Ming, and respected his mother Xun as the king of Jian'an county. In February 323, the first year of Taining, Sima Shao buried his father, emperor yuan of Jin Dynasty, in Jianping mausoleum. On the sixth day of June, Sima Shao made Yu Wenjun his concubine queen.

Although Wang Dun returned to Wuchang in the first year of Yongchang (322), he hinted that he would be recruited by the imperial court in the first year of Taining (323) because of his plot to usurp the throne. Sima Shao called Wang Dun by hand. In the same year, Wang Yunzhi, the general of Wuwei, knew Wang Dun's plot by a banquet, so he went back to Beijing to tell his father Wang Shu, the governor of Jingzhou. Therefore, Wang Shu and Wang Dao reported to the emperor of Jin and Ming together and were able to take precautions as early as possible.

After that, Sima Shao actively prepared for the protection of Jiankang in the capital, and finally defeated the troops sent by Wang Dun and commander in chief Wang Han to attack Jiankang in July of that year, calming down the rebellion of Wang dun. After Wang Dun's rebellion was settled, Sima Shao ordered that Wang Dun's officials should not be accused any more. He also took Yingzhan as the governor of Jiangzhou, Liu Ya as the governor of Xuzhou, taokan as the governor of Jingzhou, and Wang Shu as the governor of Xiangzhou respectively. He reorganized the situation of each state and eliminated the imbalance between Wang Dun and the royal family in Langya.

Death

On the second day of March in the third year of Taining (325), Sima Shao made his eldest son Sima Yan the crown prince. On August 19 (October 12), Sima Shao was in poor health. He summoned Tai Zai, Sima Hong, Wang Dao, Bian Hu, Chi Jian, Yu Liang, Lu Ye, Dan Yang, Yin Wen Qiao to accept the imperial edict to assist the crown prince Sima Yan. On August 25 (October 18), Sima Shao died in Dongtang at the age of 27. On August 26 (October 19), the crown prince Sima Yan was the emperor. He was Emperor Cheng of Jin and his father Sima Shao. His posthumous title was Emperor Ming and his temple title was suzu. On September 11, Sima Yan buried Sima Shao in Wuping mausoleum.

Political initiatives

Sima Shao is smart and agile. He can judge things at random, especially understand things. During his reign, there were years of war and famine. More than half of the population died of famine, war and pestilence. The country was empty, the society was in serious decline, and the state affairs were extremely difficult. It's also worth Wang Dun's threatening and intimidating the Lord, who wants to steal the artifact. Sima Shaoxu and the circle, develop their evil, weak to strong, concentrated on planning, opportunistic, eliminate the fierce. They also adjusted the generals of Jing, Xiang and other four prefectures to disperse the local forces in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, set things right, strengthen the foundation and weaken the branches and leaves. Although they were in power for a short time, they had a far-reaching impact on the overall stability of the country.

Since the founding of the people's Republic of China in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there has been a sharp contradiction between the families of overseas Chinese in the north and those of Wu in the south. In order to stabilize the regime of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Ming emperor issued an imperial edict one month before his death, saying: "the generals of the Wu Dynasty are well-known for their ability to compile family precepts, loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness, being quiet and true. Those who don't know about the time are eager to be well-known in the prefectures, so don't leave anything behind." Try hard to mediate this contradiction, in order to break the clan boundaries and select talents for the country. In his last words, he asked his ministers to "follow the principle of simplicity" and not to be extravagant.

Historical evaluation

Cao Pi's song of zuozong temple in Jinjiang (6): "Su Zu in Ming Dynasty, Emperor Hong in elucidation.". Yingfeng has long been on its way. Treacherous and rebellious, the emperor's degree. Bow vibration Zhu flag, then Huotian step. Hongyouyuansai, gaoluoyunbu. Products Xianning, Hongji YONGGU

In the book of ancient paintings by Qi Xiehe in the Southern Dynasty, "although it is slightly in shape and color, it is quite impressive. Beyond handwriting, there are wonders. "

In the book of Jin by Fang Xuanling of Tang Dynasty, it is said that "the emperor is wise, but he is good at physics. At that time, the soldiers were starving and half of them died of epidemic diseases. The problems were very serious and the situation was extremely difficult. Wang Dun, with the power of the earthquake Lord, will move the artifact. Emperor Qi drove and obeyed, subdued the strong with the weak, and tried to be arbitrary and clear up da Kun. The four prefectures, including Jing and Xiang, were given to set things right. Although the country is getting smaller and smaller, its scale is still vast. "

Wang Fuzhi's "on reading Tongjian" in Qing Dynasty: "if the Ming emperor does not die, the Central Plains will be restored! Day holiday Wuhu to chaos in the middle of the summer, the number of poor also, the emperor is early! Wang dunzhiheng, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, was worried and collapsed. How difficult it was for the emperor to be young, and his action was unexpected. Isn't that divine force? "

Anecdotes and allusions

Look up to see the sun, not Chang'an

When Ma Shao's father came to see him, he asked him, "which one did you come to Sima Shao replied, "Chang'an is near. I've never heard of people coming from the sun, so I can know." Jin Yuan emperor felt strange. The next day, at the banquet, the ministers asked him this question again and answered, "the day is drawing near." The emperor changed his face and said, "how can it be different from what he said yesterday?" Sima Shao replied, "when you look up, you can see the sun, but you can't see Chang'an." From this, the emperor of Jin Yuan thought that he was a strange boy.

Prince Xi Chi

Sima Shao wanted to dig ponds and build pavilions, but his father, Emperor Jinyuan, refused. At that time, Sima Shao was still the crown prince and liked to recruit warriors. One night in the middle of the night, these people were asked to dig a pond, and it was finished at dawn. This was the prince Xichi at that time. It is said that it was excavated in the eastern Wu Dynasty. Its name is Xiyuan. Later, it was filled with mud and restored in Sima Shao's time. Therefore, it is commonly known as Prince Xichi.

Leaving the whip to escape

In June of the first year of Taining (323), Wang Dun's general marched to the capital. The emperor of Jin and Ming secretly learned that, so he rode a horse of Ba Dian in a micro suit and went to wangdun to stay in the lake. After walking around wangdun's camp, he came out. Wang Dun's soldiers found out and said, "this is not an ordinary person!" On that day, Wang Dun went to bed during the day and dreamed that the sun was around his city. He was frightened and said, "this must be Xianbei slave with yellow beard." Sima Shao's mother, Xun's, was from the Yan Dynasty. Sima Shao's appearance was similar to that of foreigners, and his beard was yellow, so Wang Dun said so. So Wang Dun sent five cavalry to pursue the emperor. The emperor of Jin and Ming also galloped away. When the horse pulled dung, it poured cold water on it. When she met the old woman who was selling food in the hostel, she gave her a seven treasure whip and said to her, "there are cavalry coming in the back. You can show them this whip." After a while, the rider came to the hostel and asked the old woman, "people have gone far." And take out the seven treasure whip to show them. Five soldiers passed on the reward and stayed for a long time. Seeing that horse dung was cold, he thought that he had really gone far, so he stopped chasing. Therefore, the emperor of Jin and Ming was able to escape.

Jin Zuo is not long

Once, Wang Dao and Wen Qiao met with Sima Shao. Sima Shao asked Wen Qiao why he had unified the world. Wen Qiao hasn't answered yet. After a while, Wang Dao said, "Wen Qiao is young and not familiar with this period. Please allow me to explain it for your majesty." When Sima Yi, Emperor Xuandi of Jin Dynasty, started his business, he killed famous families, favored and cultivated people who agreed with him, and Sima Zhao, Emperor Wendi of Jin Dynasty, killed Cao Shao, a noble village official in his later years. After hearing this, Sima Shao covered his face and sat on the bed

Chinese PinYin : Si Ma Shao