Liang Baitai

Liang Baitai

Liang Baitai (1899-1935), also known as Yuelu and Yuelu, was born in Xinchang, Zhejiang Province. He is a proletarian revolutionist in modern China, an outstanding member of the early Communist Party of China, an important leader of the central government of the Soviet Republic of China, the first minister of justice and Procurator General of the people's political power, the founder of China's reform through labor education and probation system, and the drafter of the first red constitution. He is known as the pioneer and founder of the people's legal system and people's justice, and is in power and rule by law The pioneer of China.

He joined the Communist Party of China at the end of 1922. In his early years, he studied in Hangzhou Zhejiang provincial first normal school, and in September 1920, he went to Shanghai foreign language society to study. He went to Russia to study in 1921. After returning to China in 1931, he participated in the drafting of the documents of the first National Congress of the Soviet Republic of China, served as a member of the constitution Drafting Committee, and was responsible for drafting the outline of the constitution of the Soviet Republic of China, the draft constitution, the marriage regulations, the organic law of the government, etc. In March 1935, Liang Baitai was killed by the enemy's "shovel Communist regiment" at the age of 36.

Life of the characters

Early experience

In September 1899, Liang Botai was born in Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province. He successively studied in local Shuangxi school, Longshan school and Zhixin school. In 1918, he was admitted to the preparatory course of Zhejiang provincial first normal school. During his schooling, he devoted himself to the patriotic movement of the May 4th movement with great enthusiasm, participated in the organization of the "National Book and newspaper selling group" of students of Zhejiang first normal school, promoted new books and periodicals all over the country, and actively spread new ideas. Extensive reading of new books and newspapers, set up the belief of "advocating new ideas, to transform society, innovation outlook on life as the only purpose". He joined the Socialist Youth League in the winter of 1920 and became one of the earliest youth league members in China. In 1921, Liang Baitai, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi, Xiao Jingguang and others went to the Soviet Union. In 1922, they entered Moscow Oriental University and became members of the Communist Party of China at the end of the same year.

Work in the Soviet Union

In 1924, he was assigned to work in Vladivostok. He successively served as the instructor of Soviet Chinese workers in coastal provinces, member and presidium member of Soviet workers in five Far East provinces, Secretary of the Communist Party branch in Vladivostok, and also served as the Party school curriculum. At the end of 1927, he was transferred to Boli as the instructor of Chinese workers in the Far East, responsible for the work of Chinese workers in the Far East and the work of the Communist Party of China. Later, he was sent to Bailey provincial court as a judge, engaged in revolutionary law research and judicial work. At the same time, he worked as the compiler of the far east ministry of educational affairs and translated the "United Communist Party platform and constitution" and "Introduction to Leninism". Liang Baitai's hard work in the Far East has laid a "working foundation for the Far East".

Returning to China for revolution

In the spring of 1931, he made a special trip to Moscow and asked the Oriental Department of the Communist International to return to China to participate in the domestic revolutionary struggle. In May, Liang Baitai secretly returned home to take part in the domestic revolutionary struggle. In July, he arrived in the Western Fujian Soviet Area and stayed in the Western Fujian Soviet area to work. In September, he arrived at the central revolutionary base with Liu Bojian. On November 7 of the same year, the first National Congress of the Chinese Soviet was held in Ruijin. Liang Botai attended the Congress and was elected a member of the constitution Drafting Committee of the presidium of the Congress. The Congress passed the outline of the constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic, which Liang Botai participated in drafting. Before and after the Congress, Liang Botai also participated in the drafting of the marriage regulations of the Soviet Republic of China and the organic law of the Soviet government. Since the establishment of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China with Mao Zedong as chairman, Liang Botai has been engaged in the judicial work of the provisional government. Together with he Shuheng, he carried out the work of establishing the Soviet judicial organs and judicial system. He successively served as Deputy Minister of the judicial people's commissar Department of the provisional government, deputy minister and acting Minister of the interior department, member of the court of the provisional Supreme Court, temporary procurator general, judicial people's commissar, etc. In the short period of more than two years since the establishment of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China, Liang Baitai organized the formulation of more than 10 laws and regulations, including the regulations of the revolutionary court, the outline of work of the revolutionary court, the constitution of detention house, the regulations of the Soviet Republic of China on punishing counter revolutionaries, and the judicial procedure of the Soviet Republic of China Organs and judicial system. In addition, Liang Botai has successively served as the acting chief writer of Red China, member of the Soviet University Committee, and member of the central audit committee. In June 1933, he was appointed as a member of the Preparatory Committee for the second all Soviet Union Congress and a member of the important document drafting committee. He was responsible for drafting important documents related to the Congress and personally revised the constitution outline, marriage law, organic law and other important laws and regulations. In July, according to the decision of the people's Committee, the electoral law was revised and finalized. At the election meeting attended by the interior ministers of the Soviet governments at the county and district levels of 18 counties in the south of the Central Soviet Area in September, the electoral law and the preparation for the all Soviet Congress were reported. In addition, he published articles such as "work report of Su Xiang Su to voters" and "explanation of several questions about the election law" in the "Red China" newspaper, which gave detailed and specific guidance to the election work. In January 1934, he attended the second national Soviet Congress and was elected a member of the presidium of the Congress, Secretary General of the Congress and director of the decree Committee. He was elected as a member of the Executive Committee of the second central government by the general assembly, made a report on the important principles of organization at the first meeting of the Executive Committee, and was elected as a member of the judicial people's Committee. In addition, he was the acting chief writer of Red China, member of the Committee of Soviet University, member of the central audit committee, and the general director of Ruijin Red Army martyrs memorial tower, central provisional government auditorium and other projects. In October 1934, the main force of the Central Red Army was forced to March. Liang Baitai stayed in the Central Soviet Area and persisted in the struggle. He served as a member of the Branch Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and deputy director of the central government office of the Soviet Republic of China (Chen Yi was the director). He led the army and the people to build a strong wall and clear the wilderness, resettle the wounded, solve the army's supplies, and properly handled a large number of documents. In the increasingly serious siege of the enemy, they were forced to break through by different routes.

Captured and killed

In March 1935, Liang Botai and other officials of the central government office were injured and arrested during the breakout. Later, they were killed by the enemy's "shovel Communist regiment" at the age of 36.

Main achievements

Liang Botai was the executive member of the Central Committee of the first and second National Congress of the Chinese Soviet. He had been engaged in judicial work in the Soviet government. He, together with he Shuheng, Dong Biwu, Xiang Ying, Zhang Dingcheng and Gao Zili, carried out the work of establishing the Soviet political and legal organs and judicial system. Liang Botai was also the founder of the reform through labor under the dictatorship of the proletariat. On February 19, 1932, at the seventh regular meeting of the central government, Liang Botai proposed to establish a labor reformatory school. The regular meeting decided that he should draft the constitution of the labor reformatory school and submit it to the next regular meeting for discussion and approval. Soon, the provisional constitution of the labor reformatory drafted by Liang Botai was often discussed and approved. It was promulgated by the judicial people's Committee on August 10, 1932 and implemented on August 15, 1932.

Establishing the judicial system

In 1931, Liang Botai participated in the first constitution Drafting Committee in the history of the Communist Party of China, which was composed of Ren Bishi, Wang Jiaxiang, Mao Zedong, Zhou Yisu, Deng FA, Zhang Dingcheng, Zeng Shan, Yuan Desheng and Liu Jianzhong. In addition, he drafted the working regulations of the people's commissar departments of the Soviet government. At the first National Congress of the Chinese Soviet held in the same year, the "outline of the constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic" was passed. Liang Botai participated in the drafting of the "marriage regulations of the Chinese Soviet Republic", "outline of the land law of the Chinese Soviet Republic", "Organic Law of the Soviet government" and other decrees, which were also promulgated and implemented after the "First National Congress" of the Soviet. More than two years after the establishment of the Soviet government, Liang Baitai organized the formulation of more than ten laws and regulations, including the regulations of the Soviet Republic of China on punishing counter revolutionaries, the judicial procedure of the Soviet Republic of China, the outline of the work of the revolutionary court, the regulations of the revolutionary court, and the Provisional Regulations of the labor reformatory school. And gradually promulgated and implemented, initially established the judicial system of the proletariat.

Character evaluation

Martyr Liang Baitai grew up from the son of a farmer to an important leading cadre of the central government of the Soviet Republic of China. However, he always maintained the noble feelings of modesty, prudence, approachability and close ties with the masses. Today's Xinchang digital news Liang Botai, as one of the founders of the prison work of the Soviet Republic of China, studies his outstanding contributions to the legal system construction, policy determination and institution establishment of the prison of the Soviet Republic of China, which still has certain practical significance for the development of the socialist prison system with Chinese characteristics. Liu shi'en Liang Bai Tai of the Central Academy of judicial police officers is an outstanding member of the early Communist Party of China, an important leading cadre of the central government of the Soviet Republic of China, and a pioneer of the legal system construction of the Soviet Republic of China. Zhu shunzuo, former dean of Shaoxing Teachers College, vice president of the Party School of Shaoxing Municipal Party committee and vice chairman of Shaoxing social Federation, has passed away. He grew up from a peasant's son to a proletarian revolutionist, from a simple patriot to a communist fighter, and created the cause of Chinese civil law and people's justice. He is the pioneer and founder of Chinese people's legal system and people's justice He is a pioneer in ruling and governing the country according to law. Shi Zhongquan, an expert in Party History

Influence of later generations

Liang Botai was an important leader, organizer and participant in the legal system construction of the Soviet Republic of China. He participated in the Soviet legislation and the establishment of the Soviet judicial organ and judicial system, and made pioneering contributions to the legal system construction of the Soviet Republic of China

Chinese PinYin : Liang Bai Tai