Liu Yizheng

Liu Yizheng

Liu Yizheng (1880-1956, Zheng) was born in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. He was named Yimou, Xizhao and Zhifei in his later years. He is a scholar, historian, classical writer, librarian, calligrapher, forerunner of Chinese modern historiography, founder of Chinese cultural studies and master of modern Confucianism.

At the age of 17, he was a scholar in the examination, and then studied in Sanjiang normal school. In February 1914, he was employed as a professor of Chinese and history in Nanjing Normal University. In 1925, he went north and taught in Tsinghua University, Beijing Women's University and Northeast University. In 1929, he returned to Nanjing and taught in Central University (renamed Nanjing University in 1949). He was once the head of Nanjing Library, member of the examination institute and Jiangsu Provincial senator.

Nanjing University, with Liu Yizheng as one of the two pillars of nanyong, is the birthplace of the revival of modern Confucianism, and Xueheng School, with Liu Yizheng as the pillar of Guoxue, has become the academic origin of the later Neo Confucianism.

Life of the characters

In 1880, Liu Yizheng was born in Dantu, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. At the age of 5, his father died of illness. His mother took him and his elder sister to the Bao family and went to study in the Bao family school.

At the age of 17, he was a scholar in the examination, and later studied in Sanjiang normal school. After graduation, he taught Jiangnan higher business school, Jiangnan higher industrial school, Ningzhi normal school, Liangjiang Normal School and Beijing Mingde University, and once presided over the administration of Zhenjiang middle school.

In February 1914, he was employed as professor of Chinese and history in Nanjing Normal University;

In 1925, National Southeast University, after a student boom, left for a time and went north to teach in Tsinghua University, Beijing Women's University and Northeast University;

In 1927, he served as the director of Jiangsu Provincial Guoxue library.

In 1929, he returned to Nanjing to teach at the Central University, and served as the director of Nanjing Library, member of the examination institute and Jiangsu Provincial senator. During the Anti Japanese War, he successively taught in Zhejiang University, Guizhou University and Chongqing Central University, and also worked as the editor of the National History Museum. After the founding of new China, he taught in Fudan University. He served as a member of Shanghai Cultural Relics Administration Committee.

He once edited the general catalogue of Jiangsu Provincial Library of Chinese Studies and the existing bibliography of Jiangsu Provincial Library of Chinese studies.

Liu Yizheng's life was divided into five stages

The first stage: from 1880 to 1899, Liu's father died early. Fortunately, his mother managed the family and taught him, so Liu's character of filial piety and benevolence was cultivated. Because of Chen Shanyu's teaching, Liu was interested in bibliography and Chinese history.

The second stage: from 1900 to 1927, Liu entered the jiangchu Bureau of compilation and translation after the reform. He studied with his teacher Miao Quansun, who advocated the reform. He went to Japan to study with his teacher and deeply understood the importance of education, so he wrote a brief history of the past dynasties as a teaching material. After 1915, Liu returned to Nanjing to teach Chinese language and history at Nangao. Nangao was transformed into Dongda, and Liu was a professor of history, teaching Chinese cultural history and Southeast Asian history In 1926, there was a tide of "embracing Guo but rejecting Hu" in the University, and Liu opposed the president Guo Bingwen and the student movement, so he left the University;

The third stage: from 1927 to 1937, Liu took up the post of Jiangsu Provincial Library of Chinese studies, sorting out old books, cataloging, and completing 36 volumes of the general catalogue of the library of Chinese studies. He also edited the annals of the library of Chinese studies, and compiled a brief history of the library of Chinese studies. After the September 18th Incident, Nanjing was in a hurry, Liu went all the way to ask the government to accept the collection of books, but the government could provide a place for the collection of books As a result, the books were destroyed by the fire of war, claiming that they were not fully responsible for the culture of the motherland.

The fourth stage: from 1938 to 1945, Liu went to Chongqing Central University. Because of Liu's reputation, he was invited to be the tutor of the Institute of history. During the teaching period, he completed the essentials of national history.

The fifth stage: from 1946 to 1956, he returned to Nanjing to become the director of the National Library of Chinese Studies and the editor of the National History Museum, sorted out the postwar lost books and historical materials, and succeeded as an academician of Academia Sinica; after 1949, he served as a member of the cultural relics Management Committee and organized local museums.

Liu Yizheng is a famous historian, educator, calligrapher and librarian. In 1948, he won the honor of the first academician of Academia Sinica. The academic tradition of Qian Jia school, the integration of the world's modern new trends of thought, learning Chinese and western. He holds that "the most important thing in history is to uphold justice.". Shi Yiming's political and religious views and his efforts to highlight the changes of the world are not for the sake of survival. " In the field of Chinese history in the 1920s and 1930s, Chen Yuan and Chen Yinke, who taught in the north, were called "Nanliu Beichen".

Born in 1879. At the age of 7, he lost his father and was in a poor family. He went to his grandmother's home with his elder sister. He took charge of the lessons in his mother's Bao family. He studied in Bao's school and recited scriptures and poems every day. I have no books at home, and I am diligent in borrowing and copying.

In 1896, Liu Yizheng was a 17-year-old scholar. After that, he studied in Sanjiang normal school, Jiangyin Nanjing College and Nanjing Zhongshan college, and studied under Miao Quansun, Huang Yizhou and Li Ruiqing. After graduation, he taught Jiangnan higher business school, Jiangnan higher industrial school, Ningzhi normal school, Liangjiang Normal School and Beijing Mingde University, and once presided over the administration of Zhenjiang middle school.

In 1902, he went to Japan with Miao Quansun to investigate modern education. After returning to China, he studied in Sanjiang normal school.

Siyi primary school was founded in 1903. Later, he served as a teacher in Jiangnan Commercial College and Liangjiang Normal School.

In 1912, he presided over zhenjiangfu middle school. He soon became a professor of Beijing Mingde University.

In 1914, Liangjiang superior normal school was transformed into Nanjing Normal University. Jiang Qianzhi appointed professor of history and Chinese in the Department of literature, history and geography.

In 1920, Nanjing Normal University was changed into National Southeast University.

In 1925, there was an academic boom in National Southeast University. In 1926, Liu Yizheng went north and taught in Tsinghua University, Beijing Women's University and Northeast University.

In 1927, national Jiangsu University was changed into National Central University, and returned to teach; he also presided over the library of Chinese Studies (the former Jiangnan library was changed into the library of Chinese Studies of National Central University after 1927, and Jiangsu Provincial Library of Chinese Studies in 1929).

In 1929, he returned to Nanjing to teach at the Central University, and served as the director of Nanjing Library, member of the examination institute, and Jiangsu Provincial senator.

In 1937, on the eve of the Anti Japanese War, he rushed to Sichuan to transfer books. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he gave lectures at national Zhejiang University and national Guizhou University.

In 1938, he became professor of History Department of Central University again.

In 1946, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he returned to Nanjing to serve as the director of the National Library of Chinese Studies and the editor of the National History Museum.

In 1948, he won the honor of the first academician of Academia Sinica.

In 1949, he lived in Shanghai and taught in Fudan University. Organizing Shanghai Museum.

In his later years, he enjoyed reading books. Zhao Shuqin, a fellow printer, was invited to engrave the seal of "life in books".

He died in Shanghai on February 3, 1956. After his death, he left only one bed, one table and more than 10 boxes of books.

Proud disciple

Wu Mi (Master of Sinology)

Anecdotes of characters

Boya Hongtong

Professor Wu Mi, who once worked with Liu Yizheng at National Southeast University and "has always been a teacher and friend of his whole life", once praised Liu Yizheng for saying that "Mr. Liu is the first professor of National Southeast University".

Liu Yizheng lost his father when he was young, and his family was very cold. He often had a meal with only a little bean curd. However, his mother was born in a scholarly family. Liu Yizheng had been taught by his mother since he was a child. Many ancient literature and history books were well read and recited. At the age of 17, he was admitted as a scholar. At that time, a poet once wrote a poem of seven rhythms of "Ci Yun Liu Yi Mou", which praised Liu Yizheng as "you can see that the generation is called Han Liu". Since then, Liu Yizheng has successively studied with famous Confucianists Miao Quansun, Huang Yizhou and Li Ruiqing in Jinling Zhongshan academy, Jiangyin Nanjing Academy and Sanjiang normal school. He was diligent and assiduous in his studies, and "kept himself in the desk behind closed doors in his daily life, and kept company with books", which was in sharp contrast to the extravagant and lazy habits of some dandies at that time. After years of accumulation and cultivation by the master, he became more and more knowledgeable, so that "in the future, when he wrote a manuscript, he would often write quickly without thinking, and his writing would not be altered, and his poetry would be like a cloud moving and flowing water, and he would be able to write in one stroke." After graduating from Sanjiang normal school, Liu Yizheng was supported by Miao Quansun to study in Japan for a period of time, which made him have a further contact and understanding of the world's new trends of thought and Western culture at that time. Therefore, his academic research also far broke through the vision of the Qianlong and Jiaqing school. For example, he easily called Dong Zhongshu's "correct his righteousness but not seek his interests, understand his way and ignore his achievements" as "correct his righteousness but seek his interests" He explained that "the so-called benefit is not for personal interests, which refers to the national economy and the people's livelihood and the welfare of the country; the so-called merit is not greedy for heaven's merit, which refers to the efforts to create the" people's livelihood historical view "put forward by Sun Yat Sen at that time. During the period of Nanjing Normal University, Liu Yizheng was employed as a professor of Chinese history and served as the director of history and geography department and history department. During the period of National Southeast University, he taught the history of Chinese culture and the general history of China. "His voice was as loud as a bell, methodical and eloquent. Most of the students majoring in grammar, science and engineering, whether they chose to read or not, flocked to the classroom. There were always full seats in the classroom, and the water was too crowded." Liu Yizheng "teaches the students in accordance with their aptitude, teaches them tirelessly, and is dedicated to the music.". Zhang Qiyun, a famous geographer, once said that he was most influenced by three teachers in Nan Normal University, namely Liu Boming, Liu Yizheng and Zhu Kezhen. When he applied for Nanjing Normal University, he was considered unfit for admission because of his weak physique. Later, Liu Yizheng insisted on his excellent performance and applied for reconsideration, so he was admitted. During the semester, Liu Zhize's teaching made him useful all his life. The first is local records. According to Liu Yizheng, the local records of all provinces and counties are the best

Chinese PinYin : Liu Yi Zheng