Chun Shen Jun

Huang Xie

Huang Xie (314-238 BC), a member of the state of Chu, was a minister of the state of Chu. Huang Xie is knowledgeable and eloquent. In the first year of King kaolie of Chu Dynasty (262 BC), Huang Xie was given the title of Chunshen king to twelve counties north of Huaihe River. Together with Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling in the state of Wei, Zhao Sheng, the former king of Zhao Guoping, and Tian Wen, the king of mengchang in the state of Qi, they are known as the "four princes of the Warring States period".

In 238 BC, King kaolie of Chu died of illness. When Huang Xie was in mourning, Li Yuan made people ambush in Jimen and killed Chunshen Jun and his family. According to yuejueshu, Huang Xie was killed by king you of Chu at that time.

Life of the characters

Ordered to Qin Dynasty

When he was young, Huang Xie had visited his teachers and studied everywhere. He had a wide range of knowledge and was highly appreciated by King Qingxiang of Chu for his outstanding eloquence.

In 298 BC, the state of Qin sent troops to attack the state of Chu, and captured Wujun (now the east of Chongqing) and Qianzhong Jun (now the border area of Hunan, Chongqing and Guizhou). In 278 BC, it captured Yanying (now Jiangling in Hubei), the capital of Chu, and fought eastward to jingling (now Tianmen in Hubei). King Qingxiang of Chu was forced to move the capital eastward to Chen county (now Huaiyang in Henan) In order to make peace with the state of Qin, he sent Huang Xie, a distinguished scholar, to the state of Qin in 272 BC.

At that time, King Zhao of Qin sent Baiqi to rescue South Korea, fought with the Allied forces of Wei and Zhao, and defeated them in Huayang (see "battle of Huayang"). According to the biography of Chunshenjun in Shiji, the Qin army attacked Korea and Wei; the biography of Wuhou in Shiji claimed that the Qin army fought against Korea, Zhao and Wei; the Han family in Shiji claimed that Wei and Zhao attacked Korea and Qin rescued Korea and defeated Wei and Zhao allied forces; Zizhitongjian believed the theory of Han family and other historical materials and captured Wei general mangmao, and both Korea and Wei surrendered to Qin officials He obeyed and obeyed the state of Qin. King Qin Zhao has ordered Baiqi to attack Chu with South Korea and Wei, and is preparing to set out. At this time, Huang Xie happened to come to the state of Qin and heard about the plan. Huang Xie then wrote to King Zhao of Qin, saying that Qin and Chu were the two most powerful countries. If Qin wanted to attack Chu, it would inevitably lead to the defeat of both countries, and it would be easy for Han, Zhao, Wei, Qi and other countries to benefit. It's better to let Qin and Chu form an alliance and then unite to deal with other countries. King Zhao of Qin was successfully convinced by Huang Xie, so he stopped Bai Qi from going to war. He sent envoys to the state of Chu to send generous gifts, and concluded an alliance with the state of Chu to be friends with each other. After Huang Xie accepted the treaty, he returned to the state of Chu. King Qingxiang of Chu sent Huang Xie and Prince Xiong wan to the state of Qin as hostages. King Zhao of Qin detained them for ten years.

In 263 BC, King Qingxiang of Chu was seriously ill, but the state of Qin did not agree with Xiong wan to go back to Chu. Huang Xie knew that the Prime Minister of Qin had a good relationship with Xiong Wan, so he tried to persuade fan Ju. Huang Xie pointed out that King Qingxiang of Chu might be ill. If the state of Qin could let Xiong Wan go back, Xiong Wan would be grateful to the state of Qin after he ascended the throne and try to maintain the relationship with the state of Qin. If he did not let Xiong Wan go back, but used Xiong wan to coerce the state of Chu, the state of Chu would set up another crown prince to deal with the state of Qin, and the relationship between Qin and Chu would break up, and Xiong Wan, the crown prince controlled by the state of Qin, would become a helpless person People of value. Fan Ju conveys Huang Xie's meaning to King Qin Zhao, who asks Xiong Wan's master to go back to inquire about King Qingxiang's illness and make plans after he comes back. At this time, Huang Xie was deeply worried about the prince Xiong Wan and planned for him, saying: "the purpose of detaining the prince in the state of Qin is to take advantage of it. Now the prince is powerless to benefit the state of Qin. I am very worried. Unfortunately, if Prince Wen's two sons were not to be established in the country after Prince Wen's death, they would not be accepted. It's better to run away from the state of Qin and go out with the envoys. Please let me stay and take responsibility for my death. "

So Huang Xie asked Xiong wan to change his clothes and disguise himself as a Chevalier of the state of Chu to get out of the customs. However, he stayed at his residence and refused visitors on the pretext of Xiong Wan's illness. When Xiong Wan was far away and the state of Qin could not catch up with him, Huang Xie told the truth to King Qin Zhao. King Qin Zhao was very angry and wanted Huang Xie to commit suicide. Fan Ju advised that after Xiong Wan ascended the throne, he would certainly reuse Huang Xie. It's better to let Huang Xie go back to show Qin's kindness. King Zhao of Qin obeyed fan Ju's advice and sent Huang Xie back to the state of Chu.

Subsidiary state holding power

Three months after Huang Xie returned to the state of Chu, King Qingxiang of Chu died, and Xiong Wan ascended the throne, known as king kaolie of Chu. In 262 B.C., Huang Xie was appointed by King kaolie of Chu as Ling Yin of the state of Chu, and was granted Chunshenjun, a fief to 12 counties north of Huaihe River.

Fifteen years later, due to frequent wars in Huaibei, which is adjacent to the state of Qi, Huang Xie said to the king of Chu, "Huaibei area is close to the state of Qi, where the situation is urgent. It is more convenient to divide this area into counties for governance." At the same time, he offered twelve counties to the north of the Huaihe River and asked to be sent to Jiangdong. King Cory agreed to his request. Chunshenjun built castles in the old capital of Wu state and made them his own capital. Chunshen had already been the Prime Minister of Chu. At that time, there were mengchang, Pingyuan and Xinling in Qi and Wei. All of them were competing to be courteous, soliciting guests, competing for sages and assisting the king to control the state affairs.

In 260 B.C., in the battle between Zhao Xiaocheng and the state of Qin in Changping, Zhao Kuo was defeated by the state of Qin by replacing the old general Lian Po with Zhao Kuo, who was a "war on paper". As a result, more than 400000 soldiers were killed by the state of Qin.

In 257 BC, the army of the state of Qin surrounded Handan, the capital of the state of Zhao. The situation of the state of Zhao was very critical. Zhao Sheng, the Prime Minister of the state of Zhao, went to the state of Chu to ask for rescue. King kaolie of Chu abandoned the treaty between the two countries and sent Chunshen to lead the rescue of the state of Zhao. At the same time, Wei sent xinlingjun Wei Wuji to rescue Zhao. With the joint efforts of Chu, Wei and Zhao, Wei defeated Qin and lifted the siege of Handan.

In 256 BC, King kaolie of Chu sent Huang Xie to the north to invade the state of Lu. The next year, Huang Xie destroyed the state of Lu and appointed Xun Kuang as the county magistrate of Lanling (now Cangshan, Shandong). By assisting Zhao to destroy Lu, Huang Xie's prestige among the vassals increased greatly, and the state of Chu became prosperous and powerful again.

At the same time, Huang Xie, the king of Chunshen, competed with mengchang, Pingyuan and Xinling of Qi, Zhao and Wei to attract more guests. At the peak, Huang Xie had more than 3000 guests, ranking the first among the "four princes of Warring States". Most of Huang Xie's disciples are aggressive and extravagant. Once, Pingyuan Jun of the state of Zhao sent his disciples to visit Chunshen Jun. Chunshen Jun arranged them to stay in a superior guest house. Pingyuan's disciples want to boast about Zhao's wealth to Chu. They specially put tortoiseshell hairpins on their heads to show off the scabbard decorated with pearls and precious jade. They go to visit Chunshen, whose top-ranking disciples are all wearing shoes made of pearls, which makes Pingyuan's disciples feel ashamed.

In 256 BC, the state of Qin destroyed the state of Western Zhou. In the same year, King Nan of Zhou, who lived in the state of Western Zhou, died. In 249 BC, King Zhuangxiang of the state of Qin ascended the throne, appointed LV Buwei as prime minister, and led the army to destroy the state of Eastern Zhou.

In 242 BC, the vassal states worried that the momentum of Qin's annexation of the Central Plains could not be contained, so they made an alliance with each other to fight against Qin, and let king kaolie of Chu be the head of the six countries' alliance, and let Chunshen be in power. Huang Xie appointed Pang Nuan as commander-in-chief of the Allied forces. The Allied forces of the six countries once attacked Hangu pass (now in Lingbao, Henan Province). The state of Qin sent all the troops out of the pass to fight. The Allied forces of the six countries were defeated and fled. King kaolie of Chu attributed the failure of the battle to Chun Shen Jun and began to neglect Huang Xie.

graft one twig on another

One of Huang Xie's disciples, Zhu Ying, a visitor to Tianjin, said to Huang Xie, "people think that Chu is a powerful country, but you have weakened its governance. I don't think that's right. Why did the state of Qin not attack the state of Chu? It is very inconvenient for the state of Qin to cross this fortress and attack the state of Chu. If it borrows roads from the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it will not be able to attack the state of Chu with its back to Korea and Wei. Now the situation is not like this. The state of Wei is in danger, so we can't spare Xu and Yanling, and promise to cede these two cities to the state of Qin. In this way, the army of the state of Qin is only 160 li away from Chen, capital of Chu. What I will see is that Qin and Chu are fighting each other day by day. "

At that time, the state of Chu moved its capital from Chen to Shouchun, while the state of Qin moved its vassal Wei Yuanjun from Puyang to yewang and set up Dongjun. From then on, Chunshenjun came to the fiefdom Wu, where he was also the prime minister.

King kaolie of Chu had no son. Huang Xie was worried about this, so he looked for a woman who was suitable to give birth to a son to the king of Chu. Although he offered a lot, he never gave birth to a son. Li Yuan of the state of Zhao came with his sister, intending to present her to the king of Chu. He also heard that the king of Chu was not suitable to have a son, so he was afraid that he would not be favored for a long time. Li Yuan looks for an opportunity to be Chunshenjun's servant. Soon he asks for leave to go home, and deliberately delays his return. When he came back, he went to see Huang Xie. Huang Xie asked him why he was late. He replied, "the king of Qi sent an envoy to marry my sister. Because I drank with that envoy, I delayed my return." Huang Xie asked, "has the engagement gift been delivered?" Li Yuan replied, "No." Huang Xie asked again, "can I have a look?" Li Yuan said, "yes." So Li Yuan dedicated his sister to Chunshenjun, and immediately got Huang Xie's favor.

Later, when Li Yuan learned that his sister was pregnant, he discussed further plans with his sister. Li Yuan's younger sister found an opportunity to persuade Huang Xiejun: "the king of Chu respects and trusts you, even if you are brothers. Now you are the Prime Minister of Chu

Chinese PinYin : Chun Shen Jun1