Guan Ning

Guan Ning

Guan Ning (158-241), the word You'an. Beihai County zhuxu county (now Anqiu, Linqu southeast of Shandong Province) people. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, he was a famous hermit.

Guan Ning, Huaxin and Bingyuan are called "Yilong". At the end of Han Dynasty, when the world was in chaos, he stayed away from Liao Dynasty with Bing yuan and Wang lie. In the local area, he only talked about classics, but did not ask about the world affairs. He explained the book of songs and the book of books, talked about sacrificial rites, renovated prestige and Chen Ming's rites. People were very happy to accept his teaching. It was not until 223 that Wei Wendi returned to his hometown, and sun Gong, the governor of Liaodong, saw him off personally. Since then, the emperors of several dynasties of Cao Wei called Guan Ning several times, but he didn't answer his orders.

In 241, Guan Ning died in 1984. He wrote on surnames.

Life of the characters

Study abroad

Guan Ning is the descendant of Guan Zhong, the famous Prime Minister of Qi in the spring and Autumn period. He lost his father when he was 16 years old. His cousins pitied him for his loneliness and poverty, and gave him the funeral expenses. Guan Ning refused to accept them, and gave his father his death according to his own financial resources. Guan Ning was eight feet tall as an adult, with a beautiful beard and eyebrows. Hua Xin, a native of Pingyuan County, and Bing yuan, a native of Tongxian County, were good friends. They all went to other counties to study, and they all respected Chen Shi, a well-known and kind-hearted scholar.

Avoid chaos in Liaodong

After the chaos in the late Han Dynasty, when Guan Ning heard that Gongsun Du, the governor of Liaodong, was carrying out government orders overseas, he went to Liaodong with Bingyuan and Wang lie from Pingyuan. Gongsundu vacated the library to wait for them. Guan Ning paid a visit to Gongsun Du and only talked about Confucian classics without talking about the world. After that, Guan Ning immediately lived in the valley and began to explain the book of songs and the book of books, and talk about sacrificial rites, rectification of prestige and Chen Ming Li rang. People were very happy to accept Guan Ning's teaching, so Guan Ning was loved by people. After Cao Cao became Sikong, he called Guan Ning. Gongsunkang, the son of gongsundu, cut off the imperial edict and did not announce it to Guan Ning. At that time, Gongsun Kang was known as the general of the imperial court, but he really wanted to be king inside. He wanted to humbly grant Guan Ning the official post with courtesy, and let him help himself. But in the end, he did not dare to tell him that he was so awed.

Many words and deeds

In 223, Emperor Wendi of Wei ordered his ministers to recommend a hermit who was independent and special. Situ Huaxin recommended Guan Ning, and Cao Pi went to recruit him with a special chariot. At that time, Gongsun Kang was dead, and his younger brother Gongsun Gong succeeded him because his son was young. But Gongsun Gong lost his fertility due to illness, and his body was weak and could not be cured. Gongsun yuan, the son of Gongsun Kang, had outstanding intelligence. Guan Ning was worried about the disaster, so he crossed the sea with his family and returned to Beihai county. Gongsun Gong personally sent him to the southern suburbs and gave him more clothes and utensils. Since Guan Ning's eastward journey, he has accepted and collected all the financial gifts given to him by Gongsun Du, Gongsun Kang and Gongsun Gong. When they went to the west, they were all sealed and returned to Gongsun. Guan Ning lived in Eastern Liaoning for more than 30 years. Later, Gongsun yuan seized Gongsun Gong's position. In the end, the snake and mouse rebelled against Cao Wei and claimed the title of king, which was defeated by Sima Yi. Thousands of people died in Liaodong, just as Guan Ning thought. After Guan Ning returned home, Cao Pi issued an imperial edict to appoint Guan Ning as the Taizhong doctor, but Guan Ning insisted on resigning but did not accept.

In May 226, Cao Pi died, and Cao Rui, emperor of Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne. In December, he changed his post to Hua Xin's Taiwei. Hua Xin said he was ill and asked to resign, but Cao Rui didn't agree. However, the imperial edict was issued to enlist Guan Ning as Guanglu Xun. At that time, Sikong Chen Qun also recommended Guan Ning to Shangshu.

Cao Rui also issued an imperial edict to the governor of Qingzhou, saying: "Guan Ning adheres to his moral integrity, hides in the Cape, issues imperial edicts one after another, disobeys orders, does not take office, stays in his residence, and engages in the noble cause he thinks. Although I have the integrity of a hermit and an expert, but I have lost my father's meaning of being respectful, which has made me wait for more than years with an open mind? He wants to be safe in vain. I must expand his ambition. Don't you think that the ancients also had people who changed their moral integrity to benefit the people? With the passage of the sun and the moon, time will pass. What will you do to keep clean? Confucius said, "if I am not a party member of this man, who will I be?" I order the officials in Qingzhou to send Guan Ning to Kyoto in accordance with the etiquette, to provide him with cars, attendants, mattresses and food on the road, and to report before going on the road. " Guan Ning claimed to be a reckless man and gave way to Shangshu.

High festival always

From Huangchu (220-226) to Qinglong (233-237), the order of recruiting guanning continued, and the wine was often given in August. Cao Rui also issued an imperial edict to ask Cheng Xi, the governor of Qingzhou, "is Guan Ning keeping his integrity, or is he old and ill?" Cheng Xi reported: "there is a clan named Guan Gong in guanning, who is now a state official. They are neighbors to guanning, and they often ask him for information. Guan Gong said: "Guan Ning often wears a black hat, cloth clothes and skirts. Depending on the season, he can walk in and out of the inner room with a walking stick without support. In the four seasons of the year, the sacrificial rites are always supported by themselves. They change their clothes, wear thick silk and cotton scarves, wear all the white clothes they used to wear in Liaodong, arrange food offerings and kneel down. Guan Ning lost his mother when he was young. He did not remember his mother's appearance, so he often set up a wine glass specially to make his face full of tears. In addition, his house is 70 or 80 steps away from the pool. In summer, he goes to wash his hands and feet in the water and walks in the garden. " His subordinates speculated that the meaning of Guan Ning's evasion of humility was that he grew up in seclusion and seclusion. He was old and mentally retarded, so he was content to rest and gave in modestly every time. This is what Guan Ning's ambition and actions must be preserved. He doesn't mean to show his nobility by affectation. " Guan Ning has been sitting on a wooden couch for more than 50 years since he stayed away from Liaodong and later returned to his hometown. He didn't sit on the ground for more than 50 years. Because he bent his knees, he pushed up the bedding on his knees. The place where the bedding on the cot touched his knees was worn out.

In the first year of Jingchu (237), situ Chen Jiao died, and his post was suspended for half a year. The next year, Cao Rui asked Lu Yu, the servant, who could be the situ. Lu Yu recommended Guan Ning, but Cao Rui didn't use it.

In the second year of Zhengshi period (241), the eunuch Tao Qiu Yi, Yongning Wei Wei Meng Guan, Shi Zhong sun Yong, Zhongshu Shi Lang Wang Ji and others recommended Guan Ning to Cao Fang. Cao Fang issued an imperial edict to invite him with the etiquette of "setting up a cart and spreading wheels, binding silk and adding seals". Guan Ning died at the age of 84.

Historical evaluation

Chen Qun: Fu Jian Zhengshi, Beihai guanning, behaved in a worldly way, learned to be a teacher, and thrifty enough to stimulate turbidity, and upright enough to correct the time.

Cao Rui: Guan Ning, the Taizhong doctor, is a man of virtue and six arts.

Cheng Xi: Chen caining's intention of resigning before and after was to grow up and escape alone, while Qi AI's wisdom declined, which was to stay late and retreat every time. It is better to do what you want than to keep high.

Huan fan: first, he saw Guan Ning in Dongguan and set up his practice. It was rarely called by order. The name of Zhou Lu was Yagu Taiwei Hua Xin, who was floating in the sea and traveled to Liaodong. In the turbid environment, he performed the chaste and clean duties, and was strict enough to be vulgar, and the wind was clear enough to rectify the world. He ate food and drank with food and spoon, which was more than his face. He neglected his room and clothes, which was more than the original constitution. ② Chisel and place, cultivate virtue and show benevolence. Yao and Shun are above and Xu you below. The ambition of Jishan, then reappear. Yan Ping and Zheng Zhen are not enough to compare. The clear voice is far away, and it is obstinate and admirable.

Tao Qiuyi, Meng Guan, sun Yong, Wang Ji: when he saw Guan Ning, the Taizhong doctor, he should be in the middle of the two instruments, and he should have the pure virtue of the total nine virtues. He should have the quality of integrity, clear ice and clear water, mysterious and uninhibited, and carefree with the Tao. He should amuse Huang Lao, travel to the six arts, and ascend to a higher level. He should study the mysteries of the Taizhong doctor, keep his mind at the ancient and modern times, and include the secrets of Tao De.

Chen Shou: Guan Ningyuan is elegant and noble, but he does not pull out. When Ning Yi is in decline and chaos, many people change clans in vain, which violates the system of sages and does not mean to give birth to surnames. Therefore, the book on surnames is based on the original lineage and is not included in many articles. For those who live in laws, know the old and have poor neighbors, although the family reserves are not rich, they will be divided to support and rescue them. To speak with the son of man, we should teach filial piety; to speak with the younger brother, we should teach fraternity; to speak with the minister, we should teach loyalty. He is respectful in appearance and obedient in speech. When he observes his deeds, if he can't reach them, he is gentle and gentle. He is good because of his deeds. Ning's death, the world know and do not know, heard all sigh. If this is the feeling of virtue, is it not the same!

Fu Zi: Guan Ning is the empress of Guan Zhong, the Prime Minister of Qi Dynasty. In the east of Liaoning Province, because of the mountain as the Lu, chisel household as the room, talk about "poetry", "book", Chen zudou, adorn the dignity, Ming Li rang. Therefore, Gongsun's virtue should be based on the people.

Huangfumi: Ning fan's life was ten to ten, and he was given four gifts. He often sat on a wooden couch, and he had not been in a position for 55 years. On the couch, I always wear cloth skirt and raccoon dog fur, but my ancestors wear old cloth single clothes and head scarf. Liaodong Prefecture, figure in the palace, the number of sages.

Fu Tao: Deng Yu, Zhuo Mao were invincible in the world, and Pang Gong was superior to you an. Pang Shiyuan didn't push Huaziyu, and he Deng's second secretary was unique in the Wei Dynasty.

Su Shi: Guan You'an is reclusive with treasure. He looks at Cao Cao's father and son as a recluse. If you can't get it and use it, you can get it and kill it! To be virtuous is better than to be virtuous.

Su Zhe: when he was young and in chaos, he crossed the sea and lived in the east of Liaoning Province. He returned home after 37 years. To Tianlu, one should not be ordered by the imperial court. He is eighty years old, but four years old, and his achievements will not be given to others. What is the only way to give? Take it clearly in knowing time, and judge it in dealing with oneself.

Xiao Chang: the book of changes says: it's not a matter of princes and princes, but a matter of lofty ambition. It means that the most important thing is here, not there. If Guan (ning) and Zhang (Chu) were to be a few sons, they would be a scholar who would avoid the world and cover the so-called "heaven and earth are closed, and sages are hidden". When Fang Shishi was in power, the treacherous men were arrogant at the artifact and hostile to the upright scholars. Only then did the scholars know that there were many people who killed themselves. The number of children, screen trace mountain fan, dangerous behavior words grandson, death lest disaster, virtuous!

Zhang Ruyu: as for the Three Kingdoms, it is also the strength of all the people that they have formed a confrontation according to their respective soil. Therefore, in Wei Dynasty, Xun you and Jia Xu had no plans, while Guo Jia and Liu Ye had no plans

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