Pang Hui

Pang Hui

Pang Hui, (214 -?) During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was a famous general and the son of pound. After Cao Pi ascended the throne, he thought of Pound's loyalty, so he gave four brothers, panghui and others, the Marquis of Guannei and 100 families in each city. Pang Hui was brave and strong. He had the style of his father. He was an official, a lieutenant, a general, and a marquis.

Life of the characters

Pang Hui's characters are recorded in the annals of the Three Kingdoms, one of the Twenty-Four Histories. Although there is no separate biography, his life stories are mentioned several times in other people's biographies. The following are relevant extracts from historical books. (the bold type is a note added by Pei Songzhi later, not written by Chen Shou)

Confer the title of Marquis

Yu Yu said, "brother Qing is in Hanzhong. I want to take him as my general. What can I do if I don't come down early?" De scolded Yu and said, "Lizi, what is descending! The king of Wei brought millions of armour to the world. You, Liu Bei, are mediocre. How can you fight against evil! I'd rather be a national ghost than a thief. " So he was killed by Yu. Taizu heard of it and was sad, for it shed tears, granted his second son as marquis. Emperor Wen, who was the king, sent an envoy to give him a posthumous title from the tomb of de. the policy said: "in the past, he died in the Yuan Dynasty, but Wang Jue died, and his body was partial to the festival. However, Hou Shizhao Guoyi was not able to make a name for himself. At that time, his righteousness was high in the past and few people were indifferent to him. His posthumous title was "Marquis Zhuang." He also granted four people, such as Zihui, to be Marquis of Guannei, and to have 100 families in each city. Will be brave father wind, officer to lieutenant general, Feng liehou.

Wang Yin

Shu Ji said: Zhong Hui Ping Shu, before and after advocacy, Ying De corpse funeral also buried ye, tomb body head as life. Chen Song died in Fancheng, Emperor Wen ascended the throne, and sent an envoy to the tomb of De, so his death should not be in Shu. This is also the theory of Wang Yin's emptiness.

Narration: This is an excerpt from the biography of pound in the biography of Li Zang Wen, LV Xu Dian and Pang Yan in the 18th book of Wei Dynasty. In the end, it narrates that Cao Cao thought pound shed tears for him, and Feng panghui and his brother were marquis. After that, Cao Pi ascended the throne and thought about pound again. He conferred the title of panghui and his other three brothers. It can be seen that because his father pound was loyal to Cao Wei and vowed to fight Guan Yu, his descendants Pang Hui and other scholars were respected and treated well in Cao Wei. This article also explains Pang Hui's brave character and his father's style.

Vindication and meritorious service

Yihai, Zhuge's birthday not on the levy, sent troops against, killed Yangzhou governor Leshi. Bingzi, who pardoned Huainan generals for their birth. Ding Chou, the imperial edict said: "ZHUGE's birth was a violent rebellion, and he overthrew Yangzhou. In the past, the rebellion of tsingbu, the pro army of the Han Dynasty, the rebellion of kaihuo, the westward expedition of Guangwu, and the bowing expedition of emperor liezuming to Wu and Shu, all of them made great efforts to promote HESI and to show off their power. Today, the Empress Dowager and I will be in the army together for the time being, and we will be able to quickly determine the ugly prisoners. It will be in the eastern Xia Dynasty. " Jimao, the imperial edict, said: "ZHUGE was born to rebel against the rebellion, and forced loyalty and righteousness. The general of Pingkou, panghui, the Marquis of Tingting, and the general of Qidu, had a wide range of military routes, and each general was left or right. He was loyal, strong, and brave, so he was suitable for Jiayi. He was the Marquis of the village and the Marquis of the pavilion. " Narration: this paragraph is extracted from the biography of the noble Xiang Gong in the annals of the Three Kingdoms · Wei Shu Si · San Shaodi Ji. In 257 A.D., when Cao Mao, a noble Duke, was emperor, Zhuge's soldiers revolted. Pang Hui and another Wei general, Lu fan, were forced by Zhuge to refuse. Later, they led their troops to quell the rebellion, and Pang Hui fought bravely. Because of his military achievements, he was granted the title of Marquis of the countryside.

Revenge for breaking Shu

AI Sui went to Mianzhu to fight against Zhuge Zhan. When Wei and others heard that Zhan had been broken, they led many of them into ba. Huinai marched to Fu and sent Hu lie, Tian Xu and Pang Hui to pursue Wei. Narration: This is an excerpt from the biography of Zhong Hui in the history of the Three Kingdoms. In 263 ad, after Deng AI broke through Zhuge in Mianzhu, Zhong Hui sent Pang Hui to pursue Jiang Wei with Hu lie and Tian Xu. His posthumous name is Zhuang Miao Hou.

Shu Ji said: Yu first came out of the army to encircle fan, dream pig gnawed its feet, yuziping said: "I am declining this year, but I can't return it!"

Biography of Jiang Biao

Said: Yu good Zuo biography, allegory slightly are catchy.

A son makes a son. Xingzi Anguo, rarely asked, Prime Minister Zhuge Liang deep different. Weak crown for Shi Zhong, Zhong Jian Jun, several years old death. Son Tong Si, still princess, official to Huben Zhonglang general. Death, no son, to Xingshu son Yi continued.

Shu Ji said: pound Zi Hui, with Zhong, Deng Shu, Shu broken, completely destroyed the Guan family.

Narration: This is an excerpt from Guan Yu's biography in Shu Ji. Pang Hui is only mentioned at the end of the passage. In 263 ad, Pang Hui followed Zhong Hui and Deng AI attacked Shu. After Shu was broken, he found Guan Yu's descendants and killed them to avenge his father.

Literary image

Before the battle, pound said goodbye to Pang Hui's mother and son, pointing out that Pang Hui, who was six years old at that time, had a different face and would be able to avenge his father in the future. Later, he would collect Sichuan from Deng AI and kill all the descendants of Guan Gong, just as his father said. (in the popular romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is described here that Pang Hui killed all the descendants of Guan Yu to avenge his father) later Pang Hui was the great general of Wei, followed by Zhong Hui and Deng AI.

Family members

Father: pound (the brave general of Cao Wei) uncle: Pang Rou (the biography of pound in the annals of the Three Kingdoms records that "brother de Cong, named Rou, was in Shu when he was in Sichuan.") brother: there are three people, whose names are not recorded.

Related disputes

Revenge dispute

In the annals of the Three Kingdoms, it can be seen from Pound's biography that Pang Hui was respected and treated well in Cao Wei Dynasty. In the biography of noble Xiang Gong, we can see that Pang Hui was brave and brave like his father. He was a good general and loyal to Cao Wei just like his father. After reading the history of Shuyu, he found many controversial figures. Here, we can reexamine the deeds of Guan Yu, pound and panghui at that time. In 219 A.D., Wei and Shu fought in Fancheng. After Guan Yu captured pound, it should be said that Guan Yu respected the defeated general, urged him to surrender, and said with emotion: "your elder brother pangrou is a general in Hanzhong of Shu. I hope you will come to me as a general, too. Why don't you surrender early?" Pound refused to die. The following events are recorded in Pei Songzhi's notes“

Wang Yinshu records that: Zhong Huiping Shu, advocated before and after, welcomed the dead and buried ye, and the body and head in the grave were like life. Chen Song died in Fancheng, Emperor Wen ascended the throne, and sent an envoy to the tomb of De, so his death should not be in Shu. This is also the theory of Wang Yin's emptiness.

”It means that Wang Yin (historian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty) once wrote that "pound was buried in Shu after his death, and Zhong Huiping was buried in Yecheng after his death." Pei Songzhi denied this view and thought that Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, had sent people to pound's tomb to mourn, so his body was not in Shu. No matter what the two statements are true, it can be said that Guan Yu respected Pound's corpse after his death and did not discard or destroy his corpse, and it is likely that Guan Yu buried or transferred him for the first time. It can be concluded that when Guan Yu treated pound, he tried to persuade him to surrender with reason, then he would accept him, and if he refused, he would behead him, which was a common rule in the historical war at that time. Pound can be said to have died for state affairs, and they have no personal feud. After being insulted by pound, Guan Yu also treated his corpse well, which can be described as benevolent and righteous, without losing the general's style. As for pound, after he was defeated and captured in the war, Guan Yu surrendered with reason, but he insulted Guan Yu and Liu Bei. In contrast, the temperament is retarded. However, his loyalty was affirmed, and later received a lot of praise. To sum up, although Guan Yu was Pound's direct murderer, both Yu Gong and Yu Yu were subordinated to state affairs and had no personal feud. It has been 44 years since the battle of Fancheng broke Shu in 263. It can be inferred that Pang Hui was at least 50 years old at that time, or even higher. In ancient China, where he lived for 70 years, he was already a very old veteran. After such a long time, he still did not forget the hatred of killing his father. In order to revenge his father, he killed all the descendants of Guan Yu, which made people feel terrible. In today's civilization, panghui's actions are cruel and inhumane. Guan Yu can't be regarded as his enemy. Even if Guan Yu is the real enemy of killing his father, it's unreasonable for him to kill his descendants after he's gone to dust. What's his revenge against you?! at that time in history, civilization is not as good as it is now. According to records, after Liu Chan surrendered, he was nominally granted the title of Duke Anle by Sima Zhao, and his harem was awarded to many generals of Wei who had no wife. It can be seen that even the posterity was like this. Most of the generals of Shu were not respected or even seriously insulted after the subjugation. In such a big environment, panghui's behavior was of course tenable, and there would be no objection at that time. But from the perspective of today's civilization, we can only sigh and sigh, and we will never agree. In addition, it is also recorded that some of Guan Yu's descendants did not act as officials among the people and escaped the killing of Pang Hui, so Guan Yu's blood should be handed down.

The dispute of extermination

Pang Hui's killing of the gate was cruel and controversial. In addition, in the academic circles, whether Pang Hui killed Guan Yu's descendants for revenge or not is also controversial. This should be explored from the historical records. Pang Hui's revenge is only recorded in Shu Ji written by Wang Yin, but not in Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou. Pei Songzhi quoted Shu Ji written by Wang Yin to add it to Guan Yu's biography. In addition, there are no historical records. In other words, we need to explore the relevant three historians and their historical characteristics. There is a lot of controversy in the academic circles about whether Pang Hui has the idea of revenge. If not, Wang Yin made it up out of nothing. This is also very possible, according to the following points. 1: Chen Shou is the closest to the history of the Three Kingdoms and has a strict record of history. Why didn't he record this event at the first time? If so, the status of this incident should be worth writing, and it is in line with the tendency of those in power to respect Cao and demote Liu. How could it not be written in the book? If Pang Hui exterminates the clan, the person most likely to be killed should be Guan Yi (the grandson of Guan Yu and the common son of Guan Xing). However, Guan Yi is recorded in the annals of the Three Kingdoms at the end of Guan Yu's biography, but it is not said that he was killed. 2: Wang Yin's Shu Ji

Chinese PinYin : Pang Hui