Xu Tong

Xu Tong

Xu Tong (1820-1900), son of Xu Zechun, Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, was a minister of the Qing Dynasty. Late cleanup scientist. He was one of the representatives of the Conservatives in the late Qing Dynasty. The word Yu, such as, Yin Xuan. The Han army is a blue flag man. Daoguang Jinshi. Before 1860, he was appointed to review the Imperial Academy and assist in the revision of the record library. Emperor Tongzhi became his master after he ascended the throne. After 1870, he successively served as the Minister of Taichang temple, the left Deputy censor of duchayuan, the Bachelor of cabinet, the right Minister of the Ministry of rites, the Minister of rites, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, the assistant bachelor, and the Bachelor of Tiren Pavilion. Obstinately conservative, abhorrent of Western learning. After the 1898 1898 coup, Cixi won her trust because she attacked the new party by all means. In 1900, he supported Cixi's efforts to make Puyu the eldest brother (i.e. the crown prince) and abolish Emperor Guangxu, so he was appointed as Puyu's master. After the rise of the Boxer Movement, he advocated the use of the Boxer Movement to exclude foreign affairs and support Empress Dowager Cixi to declare war on foreign countries. After the Eight Allied forces invaded Beijing, they hanged themselves. He is the author of Zhiping Baojian.

The death of Xu Tong

Xu Tong's fame lies not in other things, but in the change of gengzi, who hanged himself and "died for the country". The draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty said that he was "conservative and hostile to Western learning". His family lives in dongjiaomin lane, which is close to the embassies of various countries. He pasted a pair of words "looking at the foreign countries and sighing; living next to ghosts" at the gate to express his hatred of foreigners. His son, Xu Chengyu, is an old guard like him, but he loves foreigners' foreign cigarettes very much. He just doesn't dare to be seen by his father.

Master of song Confucianism

Xu Tong, who was a Confucianist of the Song Dynasty, was also a rationalist, but he was not as knowledgeable as Li Hongzao. It is said that his knowledge is also very limited. What he keeps on doing every day is the "supreme induction" which is despised by scholars. One autumn, Xu Tong wrote the title of the new kejuzi's second examination. The title of the examination poem was "proofreading the secret text". The word "secret" was written in white beside the word "Yi". More than 200 candidates did not know what to write. It's so unreasonable that rationalism is a bit of a decoration, so it's not looked up to. Empress Dowager Cixi also tried to withdraw his "study" several times, just because he was too old and didn't like it. Another thing, he was quite puzzled about the two maritime powers on the Iberian Peninsula. He once had such a comment: "siban has teeth, grapes have teeth, and the country is made of teeth, which is unheard of in history and not recorded in the book. It's absurd and nothing more than that.".

Gengzi rebellion

When the gengzi rebellion came, Wade went west to force the capital, and the two palaces went out in a hurry, but Xu Tong failed to run out. At this time, he had already paid homage to the great scholar of Ti Ren Pavilion. When he saw the banners flying all over the city, he thought that it was a great shame. He had ordered his old servant to tie two ropes on the main beam of the hall and called his third son Xu Chengyu to die with him. He said to his son, I am the first assistant, the country suffered, should be martyred. Then he looked at his son. Xu Chengyu, as the left servant of the Ministry of punishment, could not understand his father's words, so he made a generous statement and said: don't worry, Dad, this is a big event in your life, and your son will accompany you on the road!

So Xu Chengyu put his father on the dominoes stool. Xu Tong stood on tiptoe and put his white head into the rope, but his eyes were still looking at the right side, expecting his father and son to die at the same time. Xu Chengyu has no choice but to make a statement again: Dad, my son will accompany you to the spring! Said not to neglect, will pad a stool, the achievement of his father's "festival.". He himself, however, took off his second-class robe and jacket, dressed in a short suit, and ran away quietly.

But in the end did not run away, a lane, fell into the hands of the Japanese. In the first month of the second year, after the peace negotiation, he and his father's student Qixiu were beheaded by the imperial court at the entrance of the vegetable market. Many people say that his death is "the net of heaven is wide, but it is careless without leakage". Even a smooth man like Wang Wenshao, who has never been a short-term Taoist behind his back, has been cruel to him in front of Empress Dowager Cixi. This is a person who bullies the king and kills his father. This kind of person is called "Xiaoyu" in China. "Xiao" is a bird that feeds on its mother, and "Yu" is a beast that feeds on its father. Although he is stubborn, he can't cheat his father, but he can't cheat himself! Before he died, he first saw the Japanese banquet and decided that he would be released. He was very excited. When he heard that he would be beheaded the next day, his color changed greatly. He cried out that he was wronged. He was in a coma when he was executed. When it comes to life and death, it's about character. Yuan Chang and Xu Jingcheng, ministers of the premier's national affairs yamen, died at the hands of Xu Chengyu half a year ago, but they both looked calm and generous before their death. Both yuan and Xu were well versed in foreign affairs. Xu Jingcheng also sent missions to France, Germany, Italy, Austria and other countries many times. He was very knowledgeable in current affairs. In the early days, the Boxer Rebellion began and clashed with embassies of various countries. The court debated the main battle and the main peace. They quarreled and formed a group. Xu Jingcheng and Yuan Chang jointly called it Shangshu. They thought that the military quarrel should not be lightly initiated. Moreover, in the spring and Autumn period, it was against the public law not to kill people and besiege embassies. When Empress Dowager Cixi heard the words, she suddenly turned pale and killed them in the city for the crime of "harmony". The death of yuan and Xu was wronged by the whole country, but Xu Chengyu, who was in charge of the execution, was complacent. So when Xu Chengyu abandoned the market, everyone said, "the way of heaven is good". At the beginning, he was so proud of killing yuan and Xu. Who would have thought that once upon a time, the executioners who served yuan and Xu came to serve him today?

During the Boxer Rebellion

Deeply influenced by Confucian classics, Xu Tong can be called a good official. However, he did not know much about the international situation that had undergone great changes. He still insisted on respecting the king and fighting against foreigners. He did not know that Chinese and Western cultures could communicate and make progress together. He believed that learning from foreign countries' strengths was deviant. He thinks that because foreign countries invaded China, they can kill foreigners and religious people regardless of the circumstances, and turn patriotism into absurd blind exclusion.

Official records

Xu Tong, ziyinxuan, was born in Zhenglan Banner of Han Army, and Shang Shuze was born in ChunZi. Daoguang thirty years Jinshi, selected Shu Jishi, granted editor. He was dismissed from his post after the revision. In the 10th year of Xianfeng, he made a special review and helped to revise the Wenzong record. At the beginning of Tongzhi, he was ordered to walk in the upper study. He gave lectures on Zhiping Baojian according to Yizhi, entered zhihongde hall, and moved to serve as a lecturer. He has sparsely invited students to study politics and work hard in the province, and has become an important part of the book. He was promoted to the Minister of rites. It's hard to rely on peace talks when outsiders gather in the capital, so it's better to focus on self-reliance and self-improvement; four strategies should be adopted, i.e. to simplify ability, to tie the hearts of the people, to make allowance for support, and to prepare for trimming the border. At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he was given the Minister of rites and the prince Shaobao. Wu readen, the principal, asked him to set up Datong and admonish him with his corpse. Tong and Weng Tonghe said that he did not comply with the family law of this dynasty: "it should be declared that he will not build up the Yi instructions, so as to know that Yuanliang, who will be awarded the great treasure in the future, is the son of emperor Mu Zong. The former imperial edicts were in accordance with the laws of the various schools. " Sparse into, imperial edict save Yuqing palace.

At that time, Chonghou was good at making a treaty with Russia, and he was good at making a group of Ministers' comments, which were the following: the demarcation of the cities of Iraq and Tajikistan; the trade between Xinjiang and Mongolia; the transportation of goods to Hankou; and the direct entry of ships into boduna. In the sixth year of the Qing Dynasty, Tingyi was asked by the Russian people to forgive the crime of Chonghou. Tong insisted on it, saying: "the prime minister's opportunity lies in the imperial court, the Chong and zudou in the General Administration, and the peace and good will lies in the envoys. It's good for the state to forgive others and submit to them. If the quarrel can't be eliminated, we will lose the power of punishment and administration. It is advisable to abolish the constitution of the state. " He also said: "today's way of employing people is to be loyal and upright, followed by those with a simple heart. If we use our power to be alert, have a good command of the languages of various countries, and have a quick eye to become a generalist, and have a great responsibility, we will never fail to do so! " No report. Li Chong is the master of Hanlin academy and the master of shangshufang. Fifteen years, to the Ministry of Li Shangshu assistant bachelor, Jin Prince Taibao. Twenty two years ago, he was a Bachelor of sports.

Tong chongsong Confucianism said, conservative, hate Western learning as hatred. Those who talk about the new deal are not allowed to enter. After the coup of 24 years, the empress dowager, with her high expectations and good manners, asked the court to favor her.

There are Yu division, the word tin, the house of internal affairs Han army. Jinshi. When he was in Urumqi, he took lectures as his favorite. Empress Dowager Fang proposed to abolish the emperor, and established Pu Jun, the son of emperor Zaiyi, as the "big brother". The great power of the Tong master was actually the master of Yu. Tong was ordered to take care of Yi. All countries do not want to take revenge for what they have done. In the 26th year of the reign of the emperor, Yihe began to fight against foreigners. Zaiyi was very happy and led to the capital. "China should be strong from now on," Tong said I'm very close to you. However, they were still plundered during the chaos. The death of Yuan Chang and Xu Jingcheng was called unjust by the whole nation, while Tong said, "it's death and there's more to live up to!" When his son Chengyu prison sentence, Yang Yang quite complacent.

Cheng Yu, the word Nan Shi. Bagon. In order to account for the small Jingguan Jin moved to the doctor, tired of the official punishment left Shilang. Cheng Yu asked: "father pyrene is a bandit. If an outsider comes, he will lose his minister's body. He died for his country? I'll listen to you Tongnai died at the age of 80. Then Cheng Yu died and was detained by the Japanese army. He set up the Yin Department of shuntianfu, and both Qi Xiu and Cheng Yu were in the first month of next year. Under the order, the Japanese army official set wine as a preserver, passed the imperial edict, Chengyu turned pale, called injustice, slandered Westerners unceasingly. On the wing day, Beiyu was sent to the vegetable market. When the prison officer came to the banquet, he was already unconscious and killed. After peace negotiation, he was deprived of Tongzhi's position, took away the pension and tax, abandoned the market, and was exempted by death first.

Wang Hongtao plays Xu Tong in 2003 TV series towards the Republic

Chinese PinYin : Xu Tong