Gongliu

Gongliu

Gongliu (March 7, 1927 - January 7, 2003), formerly known as Liu Renyong, also known as Liu Gengzhi, was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. He is a famous contemporary poet and writer. The main works are lush grass on the plains of Shanghai, the sacred city, the city of dawn, the north, white flowers, safflower, grass and cactus.

Life of the characters

Born in 1927. He began to write poetry in 1939. In 1946, he worked part-time in the Law School of Chung Cheng University and joined the student movement. In early 1948, he went to Shanghai in exile and went to Hong Kong to join the Propaganda Department of the all China Student Federation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. After the liberation of Guangzhou, he joined the people's Liberation Army and marched into the southwest with his troops. The life experience of Southwest Frontier gave him the inspiration of creation. In 1954, he joined the Chinese writers' Association and published his first collection of poems, short songs in the border areas. In 1955, people's literature published three series of poems expressing the life of the frontier soldiers, namely, the poems of Mount Jiwa, the poems of Xishuangbanna and the morning of Ximeng. These works made him the earliest poet in the southwest frontier who won high praise. At the same time, he took part in the collection and collation of the long folk poem Ashima (arranged together with Huang Tie, Yang Zhiyong and Liu Qi), and wrote the long poem Wangfu stone based on folklore and ballads. After that, he published the sacred post (1955), the city of dawn (1956), and in the North (1957). He served in the General Political Department of the people's Liberation Army in 1956 and was beaten as a "rightist" in 1957. After returning to lush grass on the plains in 1978, the poems published include "anthology of poems by Gong Liu", "Yin Lingzhi", "white flower, safflower", "leaving the grass", "cactus", "mother - the Yangtze River", "Camel", "big Shanghai", "South boat and North horse" and so on. Gong Liu's poems have distinctive characteristics. First of all, his poetic image is peculiar and his imagination is rich. He is good at capturing the special details in the scenes of life with vividness and concreteness. In his masterpiece Shanghai night song (1), "Shanghai pass". bell tower. The hour hand and minute hand are like a huge scissors, one circle after another, breaking the day. //The night hung down from the twenty-four storey building like a curtain, Shanghai opened her treasure chest immediately, and the pearls were shining everywhere. //The gorge of the lamp, the river bed of the lamp, the mountain of the lamp, / six million people wrote magnificent poems: / the vertical and horizontal streets are lines of poetry, / the lamp is punctuation. " With only 12 lines in the poem, the poet accurately captures the specific image with the characteristics of new Shanghai: at night, Shanghai's towering bell tower, long streets, shuttling vehicles and "pearly everywhere" summarize the moving scenery of Shanghai in a three-dimensional way. Secondly, Gongliu's poems are ingenious and philosophical. He is good at starting from an extremely ordinary life scene, from reality to emptiness, from perceptual description to a clear ideological and social significance. A typical example is the night of May 1st: "in front of Tiananmen Gate, fireworks are like a thousand peacocks, / clouds and smoke are in the air, and a sea of people and lamp mountains are on the ground //Envy, how good and loving life is / we fought all our lives to enjoy the night. Through fluent brushwork, the real life is sublimated into a kind of lofty spiritual belief, which is in line with the poetry and aesthetics of the times.

Gongliu's poems directly influenced the creation of many military poets at that time. After 1956, his poems are no longer simply praising, but affirming the new life and questioning the negative phenomena in life; he is no longer the strange cloud in the "morning of the Western alliance", but a "poplar" who can "knock out the sonorous metal". Later, his poems became more and more cold and sharp.

personal honor

Among them, "cactus" won the first prize of the first national new poetry collection.

Main works

The night of May 1st

Camel carrying willows

Shanghai night song (1)

The sacred post

The city of dawn

In the North

White flower · red flower

Lush grass on the plains

Cactus

Mother the Yangtze River

Camel

"Greater Shanghai" and "night dream notes"

"Unforgettable" and so on

Personal evaluation

His poetry views not only inherit the essence of China's classical poetry, but also absorb the merits of foreign outstanding poetry. A large number of works have been translated into various languages. His early works show the spirit of revolutionary optimism, warm and straightforward. Since the new era, the style of the works is gloomy, the perception of history and reality is full of philosophy, the ups and downs of joys and sorrows in China are seriously reflected, the feeling is keen, and the image is deep.

Miserable life

In 1957, China's political storm brought about a complete disaster for Gong Liu for 20 years. Gong Liu returned from Hong Kong to join the army after the founding of the people's Republic of China. He was imprisoned during the Anti Japanese war. In desperation, he tried to commit suicide by strangling his belt around his neck. Fortunately, he was saved by Huang Zongjiang, the writer who was ordered to guard him. However, Gong Liu escaped this disaster, but he could not escape the next one. When he was in the northwest Gobi desert in 1957, he was recalled to Beijing by a telegram. A rightist hat had been made for him, and then he was sent to the construction site of Guobao reservoir in Shanxi Province to serve hard labor with other prisoners. Gongliu's main crime is: at a forum, he once said that the "lotus pond" of the Ministry of culture of the General Administration had gone too far and hurt his feelings. This criticism was described as "attacking the party's anti rebellion policy"; in particular, he published two poems "reminiscence of the past", in which Lu You, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, said that "he was fatuous and killed his ambition" Use "such vicious words to vent his hatred for the party and socialism".

In his later memoirs, Li Weihan, then Minister of the United Front work, revealed that in this anti rightist struggle, as many as 550000 people across the country suffered injustice and countless families were affected. More than half of them have lost their official posts, a considerable number of them have been sent to reeducation through labor or supervised labor, and some of them have been displaced and their families have been destroyed. The Rightists were more than one tenth of the only five million intellectuals in China at that time, and Gong Liu was one of them. Gongliu was hit one after another. Her daughter Liu Cui (nickname wheat) was born in 1958. From the first day of birth, she has never sucked her mother's milk. This ruthless left-wing mother, who refused to feed a right-wing offspring, finally left her daughter, who was less than 100 days old, behind her husband. Gong Liu's parents could not bear the blow of fate, and died one after another, leaving only their daughter and father to depend on each other. A few years later, with the rise of the cultural revolution, Gongliu was even more miserable. Later, Gong Liu recalled in an article entitled "surviving a great calamity is yet to be blessed" -- a fragment of his "rightist" career that a person can only live and die once in his life. He was on the verge of death or even contact with death, but he never died. There were several times, the most outstanding of which was two. From 1958 to 1979, Gong Liu "Nu" hurt his body and bones, swollen joints, and often bleeding during forced labor. During that period, they carried a hundred and ten Jin stone to build a dam for 12 hours a day. Especially in the iron and steel industry, the ore is 80 kg per load, and the 50 mile road has to run two times a day. In 1981 perspective, it was found that the spine had already been S-shaped. For a long time, Gong Liu suffered from a serious stomach disease. In 1977, when he was on a business trip to Beijing, he suddenly had a massive stomach hemorrhage and his blood pressure dropped to the critical point. But at that time, Wu De, Secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party committee, was still implementing the "six rules of public security", forbidding five kinds of foreign elements from visiting Beijing for medical treatment, and Gong Liu was just a "rightist" from Shanxi. What should we do? Fortunately, Feng Mu's daughter, Xiao Ling, was given a back door. Gong Liu sneaked into the public security hospital, stopped the bleeding and walked away.

After the gang of four was smashed, Gong Liu finally came back. However, in the past 20 years, Gong Liu has been haunted by brain disease like a poisonous snake. Cerebral thrombosis in 1980, stroke in 1989, cerebral infarction in 1994, cerebral infarction with hydrocephalus in 1995-1996, cerebral infarction in 1997, cerebral infarction in 1998, cerebral infarction with hydrocephalus in 1999. Three of them were rescued.

In 1969, Gong Liu entered the "study class run by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China" and was imprisoned in disguised form. Under the No.1 war readiness order, he was transferred from Beijing to Shijiazhuang. At the end of the year, I was ordered to fill out a "public private letter" and send it to my family. Soon Gong Liu received a reply from his daughter, but there was not a single word in the envelope, only a white handkerchief. Facing the handkerchief, Gong Liu is still very excited. He guesses that his 11-year-old daughter's move has at least two meanings: one is to believe that his father is innocent, and the other is to let his father wipe his tears and live a strong life. Later, when father and daughter met again, they found out that there was a small note with a few lines in her envelope, but it was confiscated by the inspectors. As for the implied meaning of handkerchief, the daughter said that she didn't think so much at that time, just wanted to let her father know that her daughter was still alive. Wenyou said that in Gong Liu's daughter's envelope, there was only a white handkerchief with "not a single word" left, which became a pure image poem with full meaning and implication. It's a pure image poem that makes people cry! What is the situation of small and medium-sized people in a catastrophe? What is mutual dependence? How do victims survive? This pure image poem does not have a word, but the establishment of the image is full of meaning.

Chinese PinYin : Gong Liu